1. Unit F: Muscular System
Analyze the anatomy and physiology of the muscles.
Specific Objectives:
Explain the structure of the muscles. Analyze the function of the muscular system.
Discuss characteristics and treatment of common muscle disorders.

2. Bell……
List the functions of the muscular system, chapter starts on page 123
(do not eat your candy)

3. Describe the structure of the muscles “the power system”
A.Muscles
1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue
2.There are 650 different muscles in the human body
3.Muscles give shape and form
4.Muscles produce body heat

4. THREE MAIN FUNCTIONS Responsible for all body movement.
Responsible for body form and shape (posture)
Responsible for body heat and maintaining body temperature.

5. Bell What are the 3 types of muscles?
What is the difference in voluntary and involuntary muscles?

6. Three types of muscle
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

7. Types of muscle tissue Skeletal
Skeletal Muscle
Attached to bone
Striated (striped) appearance
VOLUNTARY
Multinucleated muscle cell bundles (muscle cells = muscle fibers)
SARCOLEMMA = cell membrane
Contract quickly, fatigue easily, can’t maintain contraction for long period of time

8. Types of muscle tissue. Smooth
Smooth Muscle
Visceral (organ) muscle
Found in walls of digestive system, uterus and blood vessels
Cells small and spindle-shaped
INVOLUNTARY
Controlled by autonomic nervous system
Act slowly, do not tire easily, can remain contracted for long time

10. Structures of the muscular system
Types of Muscle
Sphincter muscles
Also called dilator muscles
Special, circular muscles
Located in the
digestive system
urinary system
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11. Structures of the muscular system
Types of muscle
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
Sphincter
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system 11

12. Structures of the muscular system
Types of Connective tissue
Tendons
Fascia
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system 12

13. Structures of the muscular system
Connective tissue
Tendons
dense bands that connect skeletal muscle to the bone
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system 13

14. Structures of the muscular system
Connective tissue
Fascia
Fibrous connective tissue sheets that wrap around muscle bundles
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system 14

15. CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLES
CONTRACTIBILITY – the ability of a muscle to reduce the distance between the parts of its contents or the space it surrounds.
EXCITEABILITY (IRRITABILITY) – the ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing impulses.
EXTENSIBILITY – the ability to be stretched.
ELASTICITY – ability of muscle to return to its original length when relaxing.

16. Bell… Create a quiz For penia-uria (is that right?) Include all
Be creative
The most creative and with a KEY..WINS

17. MOVEMENT Muscles move bones by pulling on them.
As a muscle contracts, it pulls the insertion bone closer to the origin bone. Movement occurs at the joint between the origin and the insertion.
Rule: A muscle’s insertion bone moves toward its origin bone.
Groups of muscles usually contract to
produce a single movement.
MOTOR UNIT – a motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers it stimulates.
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION – the junction between the motor neuron’s fiber which transmits the impulse – and the muscle cell membrane.
ACETYLCHOLINE – chemical neurotransmitter, diffuses across the synaptic cleft (carries impulse across synaptic cleft)
/ap/muscletissue/contraction/actionpotentials/animation.htmlhttp://

18. Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity
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19. Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 19

20. Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Myoneural stimulation +
contraction of muscle proteins =
movement and heat
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21. Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Neurotransmitter at site of muscle stimulus.
The sodium-potassium pump of the membrane of a muscle cell.
The purpose of this slide is to illustrate the complexity of the process of movement.
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22. Characteristics of Muscles
Excitability
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 22

23. Characteristics of Muscles
Extensibility
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 23

24. Characteristics of Muscles
Elasticity
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 24

25. Characteristics of Muscles
Elasticity
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 25

26. Tendons attach muscle to bone. Ligaments join bone to bone

27. How do skeletal muscles get their names?
Location
Location of origin and insertion
Size
Action flexor
Direction
Extensor
Number of origins
Depressor
However,
not all muscles are named by the above methods!
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system 27

28. 2. Based on structure or form Semitendonosus Semimembranosus
MYOLOGY The study of MUSCLE Origin and Insertion and Action along with Nerve supply NAMING THE SKELETAL MUSCLES
1. Based on shape
Deltoid
Trapezius
Rhomboidius
2. Based on structure or form
Semitendonosus
Semimembranosus
Serratus Anterior
3. Based on location
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Anterior Tibialis
4. Based on attachments
Brachioradialis (brachium = humerus)
Sternocleidomastoid (cleido = clavicle)
5. Based on number of attachments or heads
Biceps
Triceps
Quadriceps

29. NAMING THE SKELETAL MUSCLES
NAMING THE SKELETAL MUSCLES
6. Based on direction of muscle fibers
oblique
transverse
rectus
7. Based on function
adductors
abductors
extensors
flexors
8. Based on combination of the above
rectus abdominus
straight muscle of the abdominal region
extensor carpi radialis longus
long muscle of the forearm which extends the wrist

30. Muscles named for their direction

31. Bell..
List 5 ways that muscles are named (myology)

32. ways that muscles are named (myology)
1. Based on shape
2. Based on structure or form
3. Based on location
4. Based on attachments
5. Based on number of attachments or heads
6. Based on direction of muscle fibers
7. Based on function
8.Based on combination of the above

33. Muscles of the body: anterior view.

35. Muscles of Head and Neck
Use text pg 132. Label head and neck
Factoids
You have over 30 facial muscles which create looks like surprise, happiness, sadness, and frowning.
Eye muscles are the busiest muscles in the body. Scientists estimate they may move more than 100,000 times a day!
Create Flash cards, muscle one side/function on the other
Answer I.
Feel free to masticate your candy! Feel your face as you masticate, what muscle did you feel move?

36. Major cervical muscles

37. Anterior and posterior cervical triangles.

38. Bell…
Complete the “Who Am I” below the head you labeled on Friday

39. Upper Extremity Label J Complete Grid below it. Make flash cards
(text 133)

40. Bell…
Read section on page about Contraction of a Skeletal muscle.
List in order sequence of actions that must occur for a muscle to contract. Starts with:
1) Impulse 2) 3) 4) 5)

41. Sequence is as follows….
1) Impulse
2) Axon
3) Acetylcholine
4) Synaptic cleft
5) Sarcolemma

42. A fun example to help students visualize the ETC!
This is an example that can help students grasp the concept of how the electrons being dropped down the cristae in steps releases energy that is used to regenerate ADP into ATP. (Feel free to add more detail about H pumps or other details for your curriculum.)
Most students are familiar with the snowboarders and the half pipe or even the Bobsled competitions. We are going to use these to help students to visualize electrons sliding down the cristae and regenerating ADP back into ATP.
Half pipe: The half pipe looks much like cristae as it is carved down into the snow and the cristae is weaved through the mitochondria. The chair lift is the NADH or FADH2 being ‘pumped’ up the gradient where it will release the ‘electron’ (the snowboarder). (Point out to students how the NADH is only carrying one snowboarder and the FADH2 has two.)
As the

44. As the snowboarder glides down from one side of the half pipe to the other, popping up and doing tricks, have students imagine that this is the electron, dropping down the cristae and ‘popping’ energy (NRG). This energy is used to add another high energy P onto ADP, creating ATP.
Even though snowboarders ‘pop out’ about five tricks as they go down the half pipe, NADH can only ‘pop out’ 3 ATP’s as it travels down the cristae (FADH2 only 2 ATP’s).
At the bottom of the half pipe is screaming fans, family, and friends. They are all ready to grab up their snowboarder and celebrate! At the bottom of the cristae’s gradient, is Oxygen and H+, excited to receive the electron and make water!!!
The bobsled can be used also as the example that NADH is like the men’s start, which is higher up on the track and the FADH2 is compared to the women’s start. Because the women’s start is lower on the track, it doesn’t produce as much speed or energy…just like the FADH2.

45. What is missing?

46. Upper extremities
Label J and
answer
questions/grid

47. Muscles of the Trunk

48. Muscles of the Trunk
Label K
Make Flash Cards
(text 134)

49. Lower extremities

50. Lower extremities

51. Muscles of the lower Extremities
Label M
Make flash cards
(text 135)
The largest muscle in the body is the gluteus maximus muscle in the buttocks.

52. Bell 1) Type of muscle that moves without conscious effort_____
2) Type of muscle that moves internal organs______
3) Where a muscle attaches to a bone that does not move when the muscle contracts_______
4) Tissue that attaches muscle to bone_____
5) Circular band of fibers that constricts a natural body opening______

54. Labeling…
Need pix anterior

55. Muscles of the body: posterior view

56. Bell
Write a story about your favorite hobby or sports activity using terms from the Muscle System terminology list. You should NOT tell what the activity is, but write a short descriptive story (at least 1/2 page) that describes the muscles as you do your activity.
Be prepared to read the stories in class, and see if classmates can guess your hobby!

57. Bell The remainder…Get out your “hobby” stories..
Complete (from packet) 6:5
Complete muscle matching

58. Remainder of class Look at these Websites (only)
good for planes, direction.  All systems
Write your Hobby story
Label your muscle man/lady

59. BELL Considering that 50% of our body weight comes from muscle…
Complete the worksheet, Muscle Math

60. Antagonistic muscle pair of the upper arm in action
Antagonistic muscle pair of the upper arm in action. During extension of the elbow (shown at left), the triceps is contracted and the biceps is relaxed. During flexion of the elbow (shown at right), the triceps is relaxed and the biceps is contracted.

61. MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS Muscle Tone
In order to function, muscles should always be
slightly contracted and ready to pull.
Muscle contractions may be isotonic or isometric.
 ISOTONIC CONTRACTION
When muscles contract and shorten. (Walk, talk, etc.)
 ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION
When the tension in a muscle increases but the muscle does not shorten. (exercises such as tensing the abdominal muscles.)

62. MOVEMENT 1. Muscles move bones by pulling on them.
1.      Muscles move bones by pulling on them.
As a muscle contracts, it pulls the insertion bone closer to the origin bone. Movement occurs at the joint between the origin and the insertion.
2. Groups of muscles usually contract to
produce a single movement.
3. When the antagonist muscles contract, they produce a movement opposite to that of the prime movers.

63. MUSCLE FATIGUE – caused by the accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles.
OXYGEN DEBT – after exercise, the amount of oxygen needed by the muscle to change lactic acid back to glucose.
MUSCLE TONE - When muscles are slightly contracted and ready to pull.
During muscular exercise, blood vessels in muscles dilate and blood flow is increased in order to increase the available oxygen supply. Up to a point, the available oxygen is sufficient to meet the energy needs of the body. But, when muscular exertion is very great, oxygen cannot be supplied to muscle fibers fast enough, and the aerobic breakdown of pyruvic acid cannot produce all the ATP required for further muscle contraction.

64. Diaphragm
Dome-shaped muscle that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities, aids in breathing
Diaphragm rises when
you breathe out.
Diaphragm flattens when
you breathe in.

65. Simon Says…. The Muscular System “The Power System”
You may use your textbook if you need a reference for the muscles.
1. Abduct fingers Extend foot.
2. Flex right forearm Flex pectoralis major.
3. Adduct arm Contract gastrocnemius.
4. Flex leg Contract tibialis anterior.
5. Extend leg Extend quadriceps.
6. Flex fingers Flex biceps.
7. Contract diaphragm Contract abdominal muscles
8. Contract diaphragm Flex and rotate sartorius.
9. Contract masseter Extend/contract gluteal maximus.
10. Flex masseter Extend trapezius.
11. Flex foot Contract/abduct deltoid.

66. Bell/payday… Complete text 142- 1-10
Text pages Apply Practice to Theory:
Muscle Math

67. Complete Muscle Math
(if there is a survey on your desk…please complete and give to Kasey….)

68. Muscular Disease Activity
Read independently about topic Number One. Be prepared to share. (1, 3, 4, 7, and 8)
You will partner with someone next to you one shares…join another group the one that did not share, must tell the new members what was shared=2 people will share. You will have 45 seconds per share time!
1) ATROPHY-138
2) HYPERTROPHY
3) STRAIN-138
4) MYALGIA –138
5) TENDONITIS –
6) Foot Drop-
7) Fibromyalgia-138
8) Muscular Dystrophy-139

69. Disorders and Related Terminology
ATROPHY – wasting away
of muscle due to lack of use.
HYPERTROPHY – an increase in the size of the muscle cell.

70. Using NC careers book Choose one career from the Therapy section
Describe:
Work Environment
Academic requirements
Area of Specialty
**O.T.video segment**

71. Disorders and Related Terminology
STRAIN – tear in the muscle resulting from excessive use. Bleeding inside the muscle can result in pain and swelling. Ice packs will help stop bleeding and reduce swelling.
R-rest
I-Ice
C-Compression
E-Elevate
MUSCLE SPASM (cramp) – sustained contraction of the muscle, usually because of overuse.
MYALGIA – muscle pain
TENDONITIS – inflammation of a tendon
Foot Drop- a common Contracture.
Fibromyalgia- chronic , widespread pain in specific muscles

72. Text “Theory” 1-6

73. How many types of Muscular Dystrophy are there? 9
Web Review Answer Key
Muscular Dystrophy
How many types of Muscular Dystrophy are there? 9
Which type is also known as Pseudohypertrophic MD? Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
What causes congenital muscular dystrophy? genetic
What are some recent research developments that have occurred as a result MDA contributions? Answer varies
What is the national magazine for MDA? Quest
What MDA clinic is nearest to your home? Answer varies
What type of Muscular Dystrophy occurs usually in adults over age 40? Distal Muscular Dystrophy
What symptom do all types of Muscular Dystrophy have in common? Muscle weakness
Marilla is 19 years old and is diagnosed with a type of Muscular Dystrophy that causes weakness in her shoulders and hips. Her physician assures her that she will likely live long enough to join the AARP. Is that possible? If so, what type of MD does she have? Yes – Limb-Girdle MD
Carlotta is a 21 year old college student who has been diagnosed with Becker Muscular Dystrophy. What health professional can be helpful in helping her stay in school and meet the demands of her college schedule? Occupational Therapist
True or False? Muscular Dystrophy is incurable? True
True or False? Muscular Dystrophy is untreatable? False
What are the goals of rehabilitation for someone with Muscular Dystrophy?
The goals of rehabilitation in patients with neuromuscular disease (NMD) are to maximize and prolong independent function and locomotion, inhibit physical deformity, and provide access to full integration into society

74. Bell
Make sure you have answered all of the Muscular Dystrophy Questions
Text pages

75. bell… From textbook complete page 142 compare and contrast-
Clean and bring up your write on muscle man
Make sure your name is on your packet and turn it in after completing compare and contrast!
Take apart your arm…turn in the gold brads