Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Family: Musaceae Genus: Musa Species: M. acuminata M. balbisiana

Published byJanis George Modified over 9 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Family: Musaceae Genus: Musa Species: M. acuminata M. balbisiana"— Presentation transcript:

1 Family: Musaceae Genus: Musa Species: M. acuminata M. balbisiana
Bananas and Plantains Family: Musaceae Genus: Musa Species: M. acuminata M. balbisiana

2 Genus Musa Section Eumusa
Major species of economic importance Musa acuminata (A genome) Musa balbisiana (B genome) Ploidy levels of commercial bananas Diploid, AA and BB Triploid, AAA, AAB, ABB Tetraploid, AAAA, AABB, ABBB Major evolutionary events Probably millennia ago Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

3 Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University
Types of Bananas Banana Desert banana, fresh consumption AAA Plantain Cooking, Meal, Vegetable banana Plátano, banano macho AAB or ABB Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

4 Banana Origin and Domestication
AA AAA AAB ABB AABB AAAB ABBB AB Industry developed in Late 19th Century Reached Europe by 1516 Before 200 AD Earliest records - Greek, Chinese and Arabian manuscripts Alexander the Great in 327 BC found in flourishing in India Chinese traders carried to Polynesians before 2nd century AD First brought to Europe in 1516 by Tomas de Berlanga, a priest AA AAA AAB Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

5 Adaptation: Hot Humid Tropics
Temperature Frost free Mean temperature of 27 C (80 F) Minimum winter temp of 15.5 C (60 F) Moisture Rain, 100 mm (4.0”) per month Soil Good drainage is needed Slightly acid, pH 5.5 to 6.5 Simmonds, need 4” rain per month and avg temp of 80F ASHS 12, Slide set, 80F and 1.5-2” rain per week Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

6 Banana Cultivation and Climate Most Banana/Plantain Production within Region with Winter Temperate Greater than 15.5 C (60 F) and Rainfall greater than 1,270 mm (50”) January 15.5 C isotherm June 15.5 C isotherm 1,270 mm isohyets (Figure 6.1 from Simmonds, 1966) Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

7 Banana Cultivation and Climate Bananas Grown for Local Consumption
January 15.5 C isotherm June 15.5 C isotherm 1,270 mm isohyets B (Figure 6.1 from Simmonds, 1966) Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

8 Banana Cultivation and Climate Bananas Grown for Export = T
January 15.5 C isotherm June 15.5 C isotherm 1,270 mm isohyets B T Major producers (Figure 6.1 from Simmonds, 1966) Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

9 Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University
Weather Problems Wind 15-20 mph - leaf damage, twisting, breakage 40 mph - considerable damage 60 mph - complete destruction Why Pseudostem not as strong as woody stem Large leaves that catch wind Shallow root system Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

10 World Production (1,000s mt)
FAOSTAT database, Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

11 Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University
World Production (%) FAOSTAT database, Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

12 World Production Leading Producing Countries
FAOSTAT database, Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

13 World Production FAOSTAT database, 2000-2002
Bananas, 72 million MT (56% Asia) Plantains, 25 million MT (89% Africa) Staple food for 70 million Africans 90% grown on small farms and consumed locally 10% exported from plantations Latin America and Caribbean region Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

14 Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University
World Yields (mt/ha) FAOSTAT database, Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

15 Plant Structure Monocot
Perennial herb All leaves/inflorescence origin from under ground corm Spreads via rhizomes Plants “walk” Largest plant without woody trunk Pseudostem, leaf bases Fruits once Gigantic herb largest plant on earth without a woody stem trunk is a pseudostem, consisting of the bases of the leaves all leaves including the fruit inflorescence origin from the under ground corm Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

16 Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University
Banana Varieties Gros Michel (Big Mike) Leading cv for 100 years Good production, cycle months Tall plants (4-8 m), wind damage Good post harvest qualities Ripened uniformly Resistant to bruising and discoloration Shipped as bunches Susceptible to Panama disease Replaced by Cavendish - resistant to Panama disease Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

17 Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University
Banana Varieties Cavendish Currently the leading cv for export Heavy production, cycle 11 months Smaller plant (2-3 m) - less wind damage Marginal post harvest qualities Does not ripen uniformly - use special chambers Susceptible to bruising and discoloration Shipped packed in boxes Resistant to Panama disease Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

18 Many Locally Important Varieties
Active breeding in Africa, South America, and Asia Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

19 Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University
Flower Structure Three types of flowers on inflorescence Female flowers - develop into fruit Hermaphroditic flowers Male flowers Fruit is a berry Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

20 Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University
Banana flower Female Male Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

21 Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University
Banana flower Female Three months from flowering to harvest Male Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

22 Botanically the Banana is a Berry One pistil One or many seed
Other Berries Tomato Kiwi Grape Persimmon Seed Remnants Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

23 Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University
Production Cycle Propagation Vegetative Rhizomes that are 6-8” diameter Planted within hours of digging Special fields for production of rhizomes for new orchards Nematode problems Hot water treatment (65°C) Chemical dips Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

24 Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University
Planting Density 2.9 m (8.5’) square 1,812 pl/ha (725 pl/ac) Size of export plantation Need to supply 36,000 mt/year Yield 40 mt/ha -> 1,000 ha Supply 1,000 mt/ship every 10 days Four years to attain commercial production Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

25 Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University
Production Banana plants Take 8-9 months to flower 11-14 leaves Six leaves needed for good production Bunch take 3 months to develop Fruiting cycle for Dwarf Cavendish is 11 months Banana plants “walk” Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

26 Training and Plant Selection
Banana plants “walk” Select and train sucker for next crop to not interfere with growing bunch When harvest fruit the sucker should be 2 m (5-6’) Eliminate suckers that are Poorly positioned Too small Unhealthy Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

27 Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University
Production Fruiting Stem 1st Replacement Daughter 2nd Replacement Grand daughter Fruiting Mat Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

28 Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University
Panama Disease Fusarium oxysporum Caused the demise of Gros Michel Plantains are generally resistant Control Resistant varieties New strain of the pathogen in Asia overcomes Cavendish resistance gene Need to develop a wider range of varieties for the export market Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

29 Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University
Panama Disease Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

30 Black Sigatoka Banana Leaf Spot
Mycosphaerella - Cercospora Native to Southeast Asia History Early 1960s - Pacific and Asia Early 1970s - Latin America Late 1970s - Gabon in Africa - spread through Africa Symptoms Small translucent pale yellow streaks Necrotic lesions (light gray w/ yellow halo) Lesions coalesce and destroy leaf Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

31 Black Sigatoka Banana Leaf Spot
Yield Losses - by losing leaf area This is generally not a problem in mixed 50% yield loss Also cause premature ripening in harvested fruit Control Mixed plantings Generally not a serious problem Monoculture Fungicides (Manzate) Resistant varieties Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

32 Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University
Bagging of the Fruit Weekly inspection Last true hand is 4” long Remove terminal end of bunch Mark with ribbon - colors change with the week Cover with perforated polyethylene bag Why Protection Pests Damage from leaves Dust and dirt Advance ripening Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

33 Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University
Fertility Forty tons of bananas per hectare 80 kg N = 80 kg N 20 kg P2O5 = kg P 240 kg K2O = 200 kg K Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

34 Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University
Supporting the Crop 52% of plant weight is the raceme Prop with poles Guide lines to base of adjacent plant Leaf pruning can reduce problems with wind damage Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

35 Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University
Harvest Crew harvests at 3-4 day intervals Look for colored ribbons which indicate age of bunch Minimum size 5 hands Pick green, with certain size Banana bunch weighs lbs Two man operation Hung on hook on cable system Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

36 Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University
Cable system runs from banana field to the packing house Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

37 Fruit Packing and Grading
Separate into hands Wash to prevent staining Pack in boxes Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

38 Fruit Packing and Grading
Pack in boxes Only pack unblemished fruit Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

39 Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University
Post Harvest Storage temperature F Below 56 F may cause chilling injury Bananas are ripened for marketing 58-64 F Ethylene treatment Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

40 Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University
Nutritional Value 100 gm edible pulp 85 calories, mostly carbohydrates Vitamin, A, C, B1, B2, niacin Minerals, very high in K Reduce risk of high blood pressure and strokes Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

41 Any Questions?

Download ppt "Family: Musaceae Genus: Musa Species: M. acuminata M. balbisiana"

Similar presentations

COLOUR CAPSICUM FarmingQuest.com.

COLOUR CAPSICUM FarmingQuest.com.
Causes and Sources of Postharvest Problems Common practices and conditions affecting postharvest losses, produce quality and food safety.

Causes and Sources of Postharvest Problems Common practices and conditions affecting postharvest losses, produce quality and food safety.
Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.

Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.
Moringa Cultivation Partners Relief and Development.

Moringa Cultivation Partners Relief and Development.
Agricultural Production in Developing Country Presented by Jittima Poonnotog Module 551.

Agricultural Production in Developing Country Presented by Jittima Poonnotog Module 551.
Propagation Of Banana. Propagation of Banana Introduction Banana is a tropical crop, requiring warm, humid climate. Banana grows well at temperature range.

Propagation Of Banana. Propagation of Banana Introduction Banana is a tropical crop, requiring warm, humid climate. Banana grows well at temperature range.
KHATIMA ALI 11214567 grapes.

KHATIMA ALI grapes.
How do we feed 9 Billion People Food security Declining arable land Loss of water resources Declining nutrient and mineral content Climate change Vertical.

How do we feed 9 Billion People Food security Declining arable land Loss of water resources Declining nutrient and mineral content Climate change Vertical.
IeCAB2010 June 1-15 Timing of Bunch Pruning Management Enhances Bunch and Fruit Qualities of ‘PITA 24’ Plantain (Musa AAB) Hybrid 1 Baiyeri, K. P.; 1 Aba,

IeCAB2010 June 1-15 Timing of Bunch Pruning Management Enhances Bunch and Fruit Qualities of ‘PITA 24’ Plantain (Musa AAB) Hybrid 1 Baiyeri, K. P.; 1 Aba,
Banana Jehad eshtayeh 1. Scientific classification Kingdom:Plantae (unranked):Angiosperms (unranked):Monocots (unranked):Commelinids Order:Zingiberales.

Banana Jehad eshtayeh 1. Scientific classification Kingdom:Plantae (unranked):Angiosperms (unranked):Monocots (unranked):Commelinids Order:Zingiberales.
Rye Grass Ag Education II Rye Grass What do you know about rye grass? How many kinds of rye grass are there? Where is it grown? Why is rye grass important?

Rye Grass Ag Education II Rye Grass What do you know about rye grass? How many kinds of rye grass are there? Where is it grown? Why is rye grass important?
Module III: Soil and Climatic Requirements Lesson 2: Climatic Requirements for Chili Pepper After completing this lesson, you have learned to answer: 1.Describe.

Module III: Soil and Climatic Requirements Lesson 2: Climatic Requirements for Chili Pepper After completing this lesson, you have learned to answer: 1.Describe.
Quince.

Quince.
Going Bananas? Jessica Hendrix Culture, Food, and Agriculture April 30, 2010.

Going Bananas? Jessica Hendrix Culture, Food, and Agriculture April 30, 2010.
Canola Diseases of the plant By John David Converse.

Canola Diseases of the plant By John David Converse.
Bacterial Diseases of Banana

Bacterial Diseases of Banana
Unit E: Fruit and Nut Production

Unit E: Fruit and Nut Production
Agriculture Unit Where does my cereal grow? Wheat History Cultivated and used for human food for thousands of years Has been grown in Egypt since about.

Agriculture Unit Where does my cereal grow? Wheat History Cultivated and used for human food for thousands of years Has been grown in Egypt since about.
Fruit & Vegetable Production Unit for Plant Science Core Curriculum

Fruit & Vegetable Production Unit for Plant Science Core Curriculum
Talbot Barnaby & Kirstin Ward. Deciduous forests can be found in the eastern half of North America, and the middle of Europe. There are many deciduous.

Talbot Barnaby & Kirstin Ward. Deciduous forests can be found in the eastern half of North America, and the middle of Europe. There are many deciduous.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google