1. Southern Europe
Chapter 16

2. Iberian Peninsula ●Analyze how past events have affected Spain.
●Compare and contrast Portugal and Spain.

3. What countries are located on the Iberian Peninsula?
Spain and Portugal

4. What did the Moors bring to Iberia in the 700’s?
Islamic religion
New irrigation techniques
Crafts
New crops
Universities
Trade

5. List historical facts about Spain
700’s  Moors invade and start to rule
1492  Moors are driven out by the Christians from Rome, converting everyone to Roman Catholicism which is the main religion today.
1500’s  Spain has many over seas territories, due to a strong navy
1800’s  lost most of its territories, due to wars
1939  terrible civil war, democracy vs. dictatorship, Francisco Franco wins.
1975  Franco dies, return to democracy, 17 regions with different levels of autonomy, self governing, while still having a central government
Currently have a constitutional monarchy

6. How far is Spain from Africa?
8 miles

7. What is the most common feature of Spain's villages and cities?
Plazas- or large open areas in the center of town, usually in front of the church

8. What activities play a major role in the Spanish economy?
Manufacturing
Textiles, clothing, footwear, ships, cars, etc
Tourism
Costa del Sol, Pyrenees, Balearic Is.
Agriculture
Olive oil, wine, oranges, corn, potatoes, tomatoes

9. Where was Portugal’s Empire?
Africa, Asia, South America

10. Italian Peninsula
●Analyze how Italy’s history has affected its culture.
●Describe what Italy is like today.
* What shape does that look like?

11. List important facts about Rome.
1st city to hold 1 million people
Center of the Roman Empire
Capital of Italy
Vatican City located inside, it is a completely independent country

12. Give details about Italy
Northern part became rich from trade
Even though the Alps separate it from the rest of Europe, it was the center of the Renaissance, which was a period from 1300s to 1500s marked by a renewed interest in learning in Europe.
Italy was not a united country until 1861
Member of the European Union and NATO

13. What is the most famous part of Italian culture?
Food
It is not anything you see on the Jersey Shore

14. Why is Rome important to Italy?
Political & Cultural Center
Capital city
Largest city
Money from Tourism
Historical city

15. Roman History

16. Greece and the Balkan Peninsula
●Analyze how Greece developed into a modern country
.●Explain why the western Balkans are politically unstable.
●Describe the changes that are occurring in the eastern Balkans.

17. Trace the history of government in Greece.
City-States which was the start of democracy.
Roman & Ottoman Turks controlled parts of Greece
1829 Greece becomes and independent country
Many elected governments followed a Civil War, but military leaders took over in 1967
1974 return to democratic government

18. Greece has a large island named Crete

19. What challenges does Greece have today?
Still a poor country, even though it is a member of the European Union, the Olympics being held in Athens (capital) has helped.
Immigrants from Albania taking jobs
Urbanizing quickly, which has led to many urban problems (smog, traffic, & pollution)

20. Which countries make up the Western Balkans?
Albania (Europe’s poorest country)
Bosnia (Herzegovina)
Croatia
Macedonia
Slovenia
Serbia
Montenegro
* Serbia & Montenegro used to be combined to make Yugoslavia

21. Discuss the governments of the Western Balkans
Controlled by the Ottoman Turks
World War I most of the countries won independence from the Ottoman Empire
Yugoslavia formed to unite Slavic people, after World War I, Albania has remained independent since 1912
World War II USSR occupied Balkans except for Greece, with was ruled by a dictator named Tito
Yugoslavia starts to split up
1991 Slovenia & Croatia declare independence
1992 Bosnia declares independence, Albania changes to democratic government

22. What are some causes for economic challenges in the West Balkan countries?
War
Corruption with in the government
Lack of industry with in the countries

23. What countries make up the Eastern Balkans?
Bulgaria/Romania/ Moldova

24. Trace the Eastern Balkans road to independence.
Historically controlled by the Romans, Byzantines, and Ottoman Turks
Gained independence from the Ottomans after their empire collapsed at the end of World War I
During and after World War II, their were controlled by the USSR
Gained independence after the the fall of communism in 1990.

25. What are contributors to Eastern Balkan underdeveloped economy?
Lack of Housing
Lack of Health Care
Lack of Jobs

26. Define Enclave Cork (Portugal is the world’s leading producer)
City-States
Microstates
Areas that are completely surrounded by another region.
Bark that is stripped from the trunks of cork oaks.
Self-governing cities and their surrounding areas, as in ancient Greece.
Very small countries, such as Andorra, Monaco, and San Marino