1. Genetics Review (Basic)

2. 1. What is the molecule that carries all the information about how a living thing will look and function?
DNA

3. 2. Where is DNA located in a eukaryotic cell?
DNA is located in the nucleus

4. 3. What are the factors that control an individual’s characteristics and are passed down from parent to offspring?
Genes

5. 4. Where are genes located?
On DNA
Gene 1
Gene 2

6. 5. Some genes come in more than one form that can express different traits. What are these different forms called?
Alleles
Spot Color Gene
Red spot allele
Yellow spot allele

7. Principle of Dominance
6. The principle which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.
Principle of Dominance
Kinked tails are dominant over straight tails.

8. 7. A specific characteristic of an individual, like flower color.
Trait

9. 8. The process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell.
Fertilization

10. 9. The separation of alleles.
Segregation
White flower allele p
Purple flower allele P

11. 10. Another name for sex cells.
Gametes
Sperm
Egg

12. 11. The likelihood that a particular event will occur.
Probability

13. 12. The probability that a coin will come up heads three times in a row.x x
= 1/8 ?

14. 13. Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.
Homozygous T T
Tall allele
Tall allele

15. 14. The physical characteristics of an organism.
Phenotype

16. 15. Having two different alleles for a particular gene.
Heterozygous
Tall allele T t
Short allele

17. 16. The genetic makeup of an organism.
Genotype
TtppRrIIggYY

18. 17. How many different gametes can a Tt individual produce?
Two: T t

19. 18. How many different gametes can a RrGg individual produce?
Four: R r G g R r G g

20. 18. How many different gametes can a RrGg individual produce?
Four: R r G g R r G g RG

21. 18. How many different gametes can a RrGg individual produce?
Four: R R r G g r G g RG Rg

22. 18. How many different gametes can a RrGg individual produce?
Four: R R r G g r G g RG Rg rG

23. 19. How many different gametes can a IIrrYY individual produce?
One:
IIrrYY I r Y

24. 20. What is the square below called?
A Punnett Square x P R
Round seed
Wrinkled seed r
Legend F1

25. 21. What does P and F1 stand for?
Parental generation x P R
Round seed
Wrinkled seed r
Legend F1
Filial generation
(offspring)

26. 22. What is the genotype of each parent?x ? r r R
Round seed
Wrinkled seed r
Legend F1 R r

27. 22. What is the genotype of each parent?
Homozygous recessive
Heterozygous Rr x rr r r R
Round seed
Wrinkled seed r
Legend F1 R r

28. 23. What is the phenotype of each parent?
Round seeds
Wrinkled seeds Rr x rr r r R
Round seed
Wrinkled seed r
Legend F1 R r

29. 24. Complete the Punnett Square?Rr x rr r r R
Round seed
Wrinkled seed r
Legend F1 Rr Rr R r rr rr

30. 25. What percent of the F1 offspring are homozygous recessive?
50 % Rr x rr r r R
Round seed
Wrinkled seed r
Legend F1 Rr Rr R r rr rr

31. 0 % PP x pp p p P p Pp Pp P P Pp Pp
26. For this cross, what percent of F1 offspring will be homozygous dominant?
0 % PP x pp P p p P
Purple flower
White flower p
Legend F1 Pp Pp P P Pp Pp

32. Independent assortment
27. A principle that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.
Independent assortment

33. 28. How many different gametes can the three sets of chromosomes shown below form when they assort independently ?

34. 23 = Eight different gametes
28. How many different gametes can the three sets of chromosomes shown below form when they assort independently ?
23 = Eight different gametes

35. 29. Name the type of inheritance pattern displayed by the examples shown below.
Codominance
Roan cow
Pinto (Paint)
Erminette chicken
Spangled chicken

36. 30. Name the type of inheritance pattern shown below
Incomplete dominance X
Parents F1
Hybrids X F2

37. Multiple alleles P = pattern p = no pattern PM = Moon PB = Box
31. Name the type of inheritance pattern displayed by the examples shown below.
Multiple alleles
P = pattern
p = no pattern
PM = Moon
PB = Box

38. Polygenic Inheritance
32. Name the type of inheritance pattern displayed by the examples shown below.
Polygenic Inheritance
Human eye color and fruit fly eye color

39. 33. Besides genotype, what other factor influences how a snowshoe hare’s phenotype (coat color) changes over a period of one year?
The environment

40. 34. Put the following phases of meiosis I in the correct order of occurrence and then label them.

41. 34. Put the following phases of meiosis I in the correct order of occurrence and then label them.
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Interphase II D B A E C

42. 35. Put the following phases of meiosis II in the correct order of occurrence and then label them.
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Interphase II F G H I J

43. 35. Put the following phases of meiosis II in the correct order of occurrence and then label them.
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Interphase II F G H I J

44. 35. Put the following phases of meiosis II in the correct order of occurrence and then label them.
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Interphase II C D E A B J F I H G
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
Cytokinesis

45. 36. Draw a diagram showing the process of crossing over.

46. 37. Draw two genes that are not linked.
Because the black and green genes are on separate chromosomes, they are not linked.

47. 38. Draw two genes that are linked.
Linked genes
Because the purple and white genes are on the same chromosome, they are linked.

48. 39. Which gene pair is most likely to be separated by a crossing over event and why?
Because genes A and C are far apart from each other, there is a high probability that a crossing over event will occur between them.
Genes A and C
Because genes B and C are very close to one another, there is a low probability that a crossing over event will occur between them.

49. 40. Who is this guy and what important work did he do?
Gregor Mendel: He discovered some basic rules of heredity by experimenting with pea plants.