1. Human Body System
Unit one
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2. Systems What is a system? What is an example of a non-living system?
How does a malfunction in one part affect the whole system?
Give a few examples of how human body systems work together.
Name the eleven human body systems
An organized, purposeful structure that consists of interacting, interrelated and interdependent elements that are organized for a common purpose forming a complex whole.
Amazon ordering system Someone or computer program takes the order, gathers the order . Packs the order, arrange shipping, load on truck, deliver to door.
Or Owensboro Health System.
The human body respiratory system takes in O2 CV system delivers the O2 and nutrient, and removes waste. GI and Renal systems rid the body of waste.
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3. Name the eleven human body systems
Integumentary system,
Skeletal system,
Muscular system,
Nervous system,
Endocrine system,
Cardiovascular system,  
Lymphatic system and immunity,
Respiratory system,
Digestive system,
Urinary system,
Reproductive system
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4. Amazing Facts By donating one pint of blood 4 lives can be saved
The human heart beats roughly 35 million times a year
It is not possible to tickle yourself because your brain warns the rest of the body and by doing so your brain will ignore this sensation
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5. Activity 1.1.1 Amazing Facts
Split into groups of four
Students will randomly draw a system-
Your group assignment is to focus on and find “Amazing Facts” about those systems
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6. Presentations Activity 1.1.1. Amazing Facts
List the major organs in your systems
Discuss top five Amazing Facts for each system
Think about how your Primary System can act like a Secondary System
Create this Presentation on Your Web Portfolio (Instruction for creating this Web Portfolio is on the Weebly)

7. Essential Question
1. In what ways do the parts of the human body system work together to carry out a specific function?
2. In what ways do different human body systems work together to complete specific functions?

8. Where How do you give someone directions?
How do you explain location or directions on the human body?

9. Our Manikins Equipment Documents Manikins Post-it Flags
Colored Pencils
Documents
Activity (on the weebly)
Adoption Certificates
Body Organizer

10. Working with Manikins Assemble Manikin
Name your Manikin-place your manikin’s name on the base
Complete Adoption Certificates
Always store manikins in there proper place
All Manikins look the same now but will soon take on their own personalities.
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11. Activity 1.1.2 Pair Up with your Manikin Partner Brainstorm
Complete Activity 1.1.2

12. Key Terms

13. Key Terms

14. Essential Question
How can directional terms and regional terms help describe location in the body?
What features of structure and function are common to all humans? 

15. Lesson Identity
The basic processes of the human body unites us as humans, but tiny differences in our
appearance
tissues
cells
make us truly unique
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16. Lesson 1.2 Identity Supply List
Manikins
Clay &Clay tools
Colored Pencils
Microscope
Tissue Slides
Body System Organizer -Skeletal View
Activity 1.2.1
Microscope Resource Sheet
Inspiration

17. Downloading Inspiration
For windows, go to this link,
For Macintosh go to this link,
14-digit subscription license: 2633D1237J9601

18. What are the levels of human organization?
Systems (What makes up systems)
Organs (What makes up Organs)
Tissues

19. Tissue When you think of human identity, what comes to mind
At the beginning of the week we discussed systems and organ structures that are common to all humans.
Over the year we will be looking at processes that occur in all of our bodies.
But what makes us special?

20. Tissue Basics
Tissues are groups of cells that are similar in structure that work together to perform a specific function.
There are four main tissue types:
Epithelium
Connective tissue
Muscle
Nervous tissue

21. Epithelium Epithelium or epithelial tissue,
forms the linings, coverings, and glandular tissue of the body.
One type of epithelium forms the outer layer of the skin
Another type of epithelium lines the air sacs of the lungs
Cells in epithelium are packed tightly together to form continuous sheets

22. Connective Tissue
Connective tissue protects, supports, and binds together other body tissues.
Connective tissue is made up of different types of cells in varying amounts of a nonliving substance around the cells, called the matrix.
Examples of connective tissue include:
Bone
Cartilage
Adipose tissue (fat)
Blood

23. Muscle Tissue
Muscle tissue is specialized to contract and cause movement.
There are three main types of muscle tissue:
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Can you guess the location and function of each muscle type?
Smooth muscle is found in the bladder, blood vessels, uterus and are involuntary muscle that you cannot consciously control this muscle. These muscles are under the control of autonomic nervous system. They are small and arranged in long, flat layers to contract in all directions.

24. Nervous Tissue
Nervous tissue is composed of specialized cells called neurons that receive and send electrical signals in the body.
Nervous tissue responds to stimuli and transmits impulses and together with supporting cells, makes up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

25. Essential Questions
What are the main types of tissue in the human body?
How does the structure of a type of human tissue relate to its function in the body?

26. Activity 1.2.1 Pair up Complete Part 1 only Concept Map
View prepared slides
Link for more slide views

27. What role does tissue play in the identity of the human?”
Facial features

28. Activity 1.2.1 Part II Giving your Maniken a Face
Complete through question 15
Discuss proper use of clay and tools and Manikin Rules
Let’s create a face-
Using Teacher Building Instructions
Compare Manikins

29. Key Terms
Adipose tissue- Connective tissue in which fat is stored and which has the cells distended by droplets of fat
Connective Tissue- Animal tissue that functions mainly to bind and support other tissues, having a sparse population of cells scattered through an extracellular matrix
Epithelial Tissue- Sheets of tightly packed cells that line organs and body cavities
Tissue- An integrated group of cells with a common structure and function

30. Essential Question
#3 How does the distribution and structure of different types of tissue in the body contribute to personal identity.
#4 “What are the functions of the human skeletal system?”

31. Human Skeletal System Remember bones are a type connective tissue
What do you know about the skeletal system
Name this bone

32. Activity 1.2.2 Supply List Computer with internet
Anatomy in Clay Maniken
Body System graphic Organizer (Skeletal View)
Colored pencils
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33. Activity 1.2.2 Skeleton Scavenger Hunt
Research the listed bones
Label you Manikins
Quiz yourself/partner

34. Essential Question
#5 “What are the main bones of the human skeletal system”

35. Project 1.2.3
Review Learning from Bones Located on your activity.
Read the Introduction
Career Journal- Forensic Anthropologist
Forensic Video

36. Essential Question
#6 What is forensic anthropology and how does the field relate to human body systems?
#7 How can features of bone be used to determine information about a person’s gender, ethnicity, age, or stature?

37. Project 1.2.3 Bone Detectives
Each group will use the laminated instruction sheets to take measurements of the bone at each station
You will need Project Student Data Sheet
Split into three teams
Now split into four groups
You will be trying to determine the
Age
Race
Sex
Height
2 students at each station to gather measurements of:
Skull
Femur
Pelvis
Humerus
Tibia

38. Project 1.2.3 Bone Detectives
We will determine proximal age, height, and race of our victims.
Race and Ethnicity
Mongoloid (Asian) is an anthropological term for a group that includes Chinese, Koreans, Japanese, Tibetan, Eskimo and some Native Americans.
Negroid (Black) is a classification including Sub-Saharan African and Afro-Caribbean peoples and their descendants.
Caucasoid (White) refers to people of Anglo or Caucasian descent from Europe, parts of North Africa, Western Asia and India and their descendants.
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39. Data
forensic anthropologist, Diane France watch 10min50sec then again at 34min

40. Project 1.2.3 Bone Detectives
Discuss findings
Compare and discuss differences in male and female bones.
Why may the three-race model no longer be accurate
Discuss differences between Qualitative and Quantitative Data
What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative research? Quantitative research generates numerical data or information that can be converted into numbers. Qualitative Research on the other hand generates non-numerical data. 1
219 century classification hall of shame. Pigeon holed a whole group of people into one category
Caucasoid= Europe near east Egypt
Mongoloid+ far east and native Americans
Negroid+ Africa except Egypt. These take out a lot of populations in the world.
Now anthropology says we have European ancestry, African ancestry, Native American ancestry, eastern European ancestry, western African ancestry. Some have very different features and have to be careful lumping them all into one category. Also with more cross racial birth there is a mixing of the ancestry that causes a blending of feathers.
Quantitative Data=Quantitative data is a numerical measurement expressed not by means of a natural language description, but rather in terms of numbers
Qualitative=expressed not in terms of numbers, but rather by means of a natural language description. In statistics, it is often used interchangeably with "categorical" data.
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41. Key Terms Axial Skeleton- The skeleton of the trunk and head.
Appendicular Skeleton- Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton
Femur- The proximal bone of the hind or lower limb that is the longest and largest bone in the human body, extends from the hip to the knee
Forensic Anthropology- The branch of physical anthropology in which anthropological data, criteria, and techniques are used to determine the sex, age, genetic population, or ancestry of skeletal or biological materials in questions of civil or criminal law
Humerus-The longest bone of the upper arm or forelimb extending from the shoulder to the elbow
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42. Key Terms
Pelvis-A basin-shaped structure in the skeleton of many vertebrates that is formed by the pelvic girdle together with the sacrum and often various coccygeal and caudal vertebrae and that in humans is composed of the two hip bones bounding it on each side and in front while the sacrum and coccyx complete it behind
Skull- The skeleton of the head forming a bony case that encloses and protects the brain and chief sense organs and supports the jaws
Tibia- The inner and usually larger of the two bones of the leg between the knee and ankle that articulates above with the femur and below with the talus -- called also shinbone
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43. Activity 1.2.4 Height Estimations from Bones
Equations
In the 1950’s Dr. Trotter developed mathematical formulas that correlated body height to the length of their arm and leg bones.
To Complete Parts I - Pair into groups of 2
You will measure your height in cm and then the femur, humerus, and radius bones in cm to use to calculate your height. ( 1 foot = cm)
Like in criminal investigations an estimated range of height is given. Like 5’9” to 6’2”
Use the + and – formulas to get your error value for minimal and maximal height range.
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44. Activity 1.2.4 Height Estimations from Bones
Part II You will use a formula specific to Gender and Ethnicity.
Then using an Excel file you will develop Your Own Formula.
“How well do these equations work?” What equation was most accurate?
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45. Essential Question Revisited
#3 How does the distribution and structure of different types of tissue in the body contribute to personal identity.
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46. Lesson Story Set Up
Approximately 1cc of the DNA sample was taken from Skeletal remains and labeled
The pieces were stored in EtOH and frozen -20°C
Samples were transported to OCTC in
refrigerated containers for genetic analysis
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47. Key Terms
Agarose
A polysaccharide obtained from seaweed that is used as the supporting medium in gel electrophoresis.
Biometrics
The measurement and analysis of unique physical or behavioral characteristics (as fingerprint or voice patterns) especially as a means of verifying personal identity.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell’s proteins.
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48. Key Terms Gel electrophoresis
The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on the basis of their size and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through an electrical field in a gel.
Restriction enzyme
A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts up DNA.
Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)
Differences in DNA sequence on homologous chromosomes that can result in different patterns of restriction fragment lengths (DNA segments resulting from treatment with restriction enzymes).
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49. Lesson 1.3 Identity- Molecules and Cells
What level of organization comes below tissues.
CELLS
Now- Figuratively zoom in on the cell and describe the genetic material found inside the cell.
Chromosome
Gene
Protein
DNA
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50. DNA List sources of DNA evidence Skin cells Hair Blood Semen
Old tissue such as bone but amplified using Polymerase Change Reaction (PCR)
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51. Identity- Molecules and Cells
How does this genetic material inside the cell relate to overall function of the human body
Chromosome
Gene
Protein
DNA
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52. Chromosome
Chromosomes: are 23 pairs considered the building blocks of the human body. They are long pieces of DNA found in the center (nucleus) of cells.
Chromosomes functions are based on the precise structure of the organelle that carries out that function.
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53. Genes
A hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism.
Genes are the functional unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring through mitosis. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein and thus cells
Hot tip : genetic info is coded in DNA by a sequence of Nucleotides
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54. Protein
Proteins are constructed from a set of 20 amino acids like long necklaces with different shaped beads.
To become active, proteins must twist and fold into their final conformation
Proteins that are donut shaped, enable them to form a complete ring around the DNA and regulate the activity of genetic material.
This DNA polymerase III cinches around DNA and moves along the strands as it copies the genetic material.
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55. DNA
DNA is like an architect's blueprint. Think of it as an Owner's Manual for your body.
May want to remember: DNA is made of 2 components, Phosphate molecules and deoxyribose sugars.
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56. DNA
DNA is a unique code of over 3 billion base pairs that provide a genetic blueprint of an individual.
It’s function in the human body includes coding for proteins. It holds the instructions of an organism's development and reproduction therefore its survival.
It also transfers genetic messages to all other cells in the human body.
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57. Essential Question 2. How does DNA differ from person to person
1. What is the structure and function of DNA
2. How does DNA differ from person to person
3. What role does DNA play in our Identity
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58. Most common gel loading problems
taking up too much sample with the micropipettor,
taking up air in addition to the sample,
not completely expelling the sample,
sucking the sample out of the well,
poking the pipette tip through the bottom of the gel well.
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59. How to Use a Micropipettor
Place a new tip on the micropipettor, being careful to not touch the tip to any surface.
Depress the plunger to the first stop and hold it in this position.
Dip the tip of the micropipettor into the top of the solution to be transferred.
Gradually release the plunger and draw the fluid into the tip, making sure to keep the tip in the solution.
Slide the pipet tip out along the inside wall of the reagent tube to dislodge any excess droplets adhering to the outside of the tip.
Check to make sure there are no air bubbles in the sample in the tip. If there are air bubbles, expel the sample using the directions below and restart procedure.
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60. How to Use a Micropipettor
Insert the tip of the micropipettor into the area in which you want to expel the liquid.
Slowly depress the plunger to the first stop to expel the sample and continue to depress the plunger to the second stop to ensure all of the liquid is expelled.
Hold the plunger in the depressed position.
Slide the micropipettor out with the plunger depressed. Do not release the plunger from the depressed position to avoid sucking any liquid back into the tip.
Once the tip is out of the liquid, release the plunger.
Eject the tip into the proper disposal area by pressing down on the tip-ejector button
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61. Practice Loading a Gel…
Set fake gel into casting trey
Secure casting trey into chamber well- line up the notch
Pour water into chamber until it fills BOTH ends and covers gel completely
Micropipette
Secure tip until “click”
Set measurement and pick-up uL of practice loading dye
Don’t push all the way down
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62. Practice Loading a Gel…
Practice filling each well
Don’t poke holes in gel
Don’t create air bubbles
Keep the plunger depressed until after you have raised the micropipettor away from the gel
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63. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) What is it?
A Biochemical technique used to amplify the number of copies of a specific region of DNA generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence in order to be adequately tested.
Named after the enzyme, polymerase, which copies DNA in cells.
It’s a chain reaction because multiple events occur in succession, over and over again in the same sequential order.
Each time the series of events is
completed, one cycle has been
completed.

64. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Completed in a thermal cycler in a lab.
What are some of the uses:
Cloning
Diagnosis of hereditary diseases
Paternity testing
Diagnosis of infectious diseases
Identification of finger prints
Forensic sciences
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65. Gel Electrophoresis DNA is obtained from the skeletal remain
Gene is amplified by PCR
DNA is cut in specific places by the use of restriction enzymes.
The restriction enzyme recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts DNA
Restriction enzymes are derived from Bacteria

66. Gel Electrophoresis What is it?
The process where DNA can is separated according to size and electrical charge by applying an electric current to them.
The current forces the molecules through pores in a thin layer of gel.
DNA is negatively charged so it runs toward the positive pole

67. Restriction Enzymes A B
Polymorphism = Difference in length of fragments
Restriction Enzymes are derived from bacteria with the ability to cut DNA from invading organisms such as a viruses, before the virus takes control of the cell

68. Why DNA electrophoresis
To visualize the DNA fragments and sort them according to size
DNA samples are loaded into a gel and exposed to electrical currents
Fragments run through the gel at different rates
smaller = faster
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69. Tools of electrophoresis
Gloves throughout Lab
Power source
Chamber & casting trey
Agarose gel with wells
Combs
TAE Buffer
Distilled H20
Micropipette and tips
Dye
Light box
DNA RFLP Samples
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70. Steps in Gel electrophoresis
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72. Activity 1.3.1 Resources Activity 1.3.1. Student Response Sheet
Student read Introduction
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73. Part 1 DNA Digestion w Restriction Enzymes - Day 1 of Lab
1. Obtain 4 micro-centrifuge tubes
2. Label tubes 1-4 Very Important: Note the content of each tube in your lab journal. You will need to know what is in each tube. Don’t get them mixed up!!!
3.Dispense Sterile Water into 4 tubes.
4 Dispense DNA and Enzymes into 4 tubes.
5. Incubate in 37 ̊ water bath X 30 min.
6. Begin Student Resource Sheet.
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74. Part 2 Electrophoresis of Restriction Fragments- Day 2 of lab
1. Obtain your 4 tubes
2. Heat samples plus the DNA marker and DNA extracted from bone for 2 min at 65 degrees C
3. While cooling practice loading gels
4. Draw diagram in lab journal Clearly indicating which sample is in each well.
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75. Special Notes Don’t poke through the agarose
Keep plunger depressed until after you have raised the micropipetter . To prevent the re-uptake of sample out of the well, remember to keep the plunger depressed until you completely lift the micropipettor out of the gel
Be sure the voltage is set at 150 and the timer is set for 15 minutes
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76. Special Notes
Check polarity! Be sure the DNA sample is at top of the negative pole (black) and will run down toward the positive
Alarm will sound after 15 minutes…check back every 2-5m if incomplete
Create staining solution while you wait: 10mL of 10X Flashblue concentrate + 90mL distilled water
Turn off the power supply when the dye is near the bottom edge of the gel
Be careful to not allow the dye to run off the edge of the gel
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77. Ready to Go Place gel in trey, and tray in chamber.
Be sure the wells are at the negative end of the gel and the trey is secure in the notch
Fill with TAE Buffer this time, cover gel completely
Fill the wells with the corresponding sample
Copy table in notes!!!!
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78. Polarity
If the polarity is backwards, the DNA will migrate out of the well and off the short end of the gel. If the mistake is caught in time, the polarity can be reversed and the DNA will migrate back into the well and then through the longer portion of the gel.
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79. DNA electrophoresis
The DNA fragments are then stained with a dye and can be observed as lines or bands in the gel when view on a light box.
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80. Gel Staining
Often the DNA fragment bands can be observed directly after electrophoresis without further treatment. If the bands are faint or appear to be missing, the gel can be soaked in the diluted Carolina Blue dye for 30 minutes and then washed with distilled water
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81. Results of DNA electrophoresis
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82. Results of DNA electrophoresis
You will actually find that the gel results show that both of the missing persons match the DNA fingerprint of the DNA from bone digested with Enzyme 1
NOTE that Lane D and F are the same. (see the example gel picture below).
You can see how this can happen even if the DNA sequences are different.
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83. Results
You will have to look to the results for Enzyme 2 to make their final conclusions regarding identity.
Gel results show that when using a second restriction enzyme on the same DNA, only one RFLP matches that from the bone sample.
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84. Journal Labeling Guide
Lane 1
Standard DNA Marker
Lane 2
DNA from Bone cut w
Enzyme 1
Lane 3
DNA from bone cut w
Enzyme 2
Lane 4
Missing person 1 w
Lane 5
Missing person 1 w Enzyme 2
Lane 6
Missing person 2/Enzyme 1
Lane 7
Missing person 2/Enzyme 2
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85. Essential Question
4.How can tools of molecular biology be used to compare the DNA of 2 individuals?
5.What are restriction enzymes?
6.What are restriction fragment length polymorphisms?
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86. Gel Electrophoresis Gel Electrophoresis Virtual Lab
DNA Interactive: Gel Electrophoresis
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87. Essential Question
7. What is gel electrophoresis and how can the results of this technique be interpreted?
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88. Gel Electrophoresis Analyze the DNA Discuss results and conclusions
Conclusion Questions
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89. Activity 1.3.2 Careers in Identity
Introduces Activity Careers in Identity. Career Journal for Forensic Anthropologist
Distribute the Biomedical Sciences Documentation Protocol and review documentation of their sources.
Distribute Rubric and go over grading
Students complete Activity individually.
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90. Documenting Your Sources
Gives your work credibility
Allows reader to look up sources to obtain more information
Citation gives credit to original author.
Source is documented in 2 places in APA style.
1st, In the text and 2nd at the end of document in the reference list.
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91. Project Who Are You
In this project you will be a team of 3 to design a security plan using biometrics for your new Client. Using:
Power Point Presentation
Oral Presentation
Answering any questions
Convince you client to buy
Brain storm: What body systems are involved in Biometric Techniques.
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92. Essential Questions
8. How can the field of biometrics be used to verify and protect identity?
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93. Biometrics and DNA
Discuss Ethical Issues in biometrics and the use if biology in identity.
Discuss how DNA can be used in biometrics.
Debate how close we are to Identifying people in an instant using DNA sample.
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