1. Chapter 6: Biomes and Aquatic Ecosystems

2. Explain how biomes are characterized
Describe how net primary production varies among biomes
Explain how organisms are adapted to the conditions of their biomes
Describe the criteria ecologist use to classify aquatic systems
List the major categories of freshwater ecosystems
Explain the ecological importance of estuaries
List the three major zones of the ocean
Define the following terms: biome, climate, weather, climatograph, net primary production, canopy, emergent layer, understory, epiphyte, deciduous, estivation, coniferous, hibernation, permafrost, salinity, photic zone, aphotic zone, benthic zone, littoral zone, limnetic zone, wetland, flood plain, estuary, upwelling, Chapter 6:

3. and what it means for us in the Northern Hemisphere.
Do Now Turn IN
Explain in words and or a diagram the transition between winter and spring on the earth
and what it means for us in the Northern Hemisphere.
Do you know exactly what time spring starts?

4. On March 20, there are twelve hours of daylight and twelve hours of darkness at all points on the earth's surface. Sunrise is at 6 a.m. and sunset is at 6 p.m. local (solar) time for most points on the earth's surface. (This varies, of course, based on time zones, which are much broader regions than local solar time.)
Equinoxes occur when the axis of rotation of the earth (i.e. the line form the N to S poles) is exactly parallel to the direction of motion of the earth around the sun. This happens on just two days of the year, the spring and autumn equinoxes. This means that day length is exactly the same (12 hours) at all points on the earth's surface on these days (except right at each pole, where it will be about to change from permanent light to dark, or vice versa).

5. During an equinox, the Earth's North and South poles are not tilted toward or away from the Sun and the length of the day is the same at all points on Earth's surface

6. Do Now
What is FOG?
What causes Fog?

7. What is FOG? What causes Fog? Do Now 2 types of fog: Advection
a thick cloud of tiny water droplets suspended in the atmosphere at or near the earth's surface that obscures or restricts visibility – basically it is a ground level CLOUD
2 types of fog:
Advection
Radiation

8. Do Now
Advection Fog
Advection fog occurs when moist air passes over a cool surface by advection (wind) and is cooled.
It is most common at sea when moist air encounters cooler waters.

9. Do Now
Radiation Fog?
The cool ground produces condensation in the nearby air by heat conduction.
Radiation fogs occur at night, and usually do not last long after sunrise, though can persist all day in the winter months

10. What are the differences
What are the differences? Climate, Biology, Limiting Factors, Adaptations?

11. Things Change?
Fossil evidence suggests that the frozen continent of Antarctica was once covered in temperate forest.

12. Earth’s Biomes
Groups of terrestrial ecosystems that share biotic and abiotic conditions
10 primary biomes:
tropical rain forest
dry forest savanna
Savanna
desert
temperate rain forest
temperate forest
temperate grassland
chaparral
boreal forest
tundra

16. CLIMATOGRAPH

17. CLIMATOGRAPH
La Mesa, CA

18. CLIMATOGRAPH
Philadelphia

19. Climate: Average conditions, including temperature and precipitation, over long periods of time in a given area
Weather: Day-to-day conditions in Earth’s atmosphere
Climatographs: Diagrams that summarize an area’s average monthly temperature and precipitation
Each biome has a set of characteristic organisms adapted to its particular climate conditions.

20. Across the U.S.

21. Productivity
Net primary production: The amount of organic matter (biomass) that remains after primary producers use some to carry out cellular respiration
Ecosystems vary in their net primary productivity, the rate at which primary producers convert energy to biomass.
Warm, wet biomes generally have higher net primary productivity than cold, dry biomes.

23. Earth’s productivity: On land forests are highly productive in dark green, deserts least in brown. At sea, red indicates high productivity and deep oceans dark blue.

25. Aquatic Ecosystems (Wet Biomes)
75% of Earth’s surface is covered by water.

26. Salinity: the amount of dissolved salt present in water
Salinity: the amount of dissolved salt present in water. Ecosystems are classified as salt water, fresh water, or brackish depending on salinity.
Photosynthesis tends to be limited by light availability, which is a function of depth and water clarity.
Aquatic ecosystems are either flowing or standing.
Aquatic ecosystem zones: photic, aphotic, benthic

27. Aquatic Ecosystem Limiting Factors
Limiting factors may include:
Salinity Ph
Sunlight
Dissolved oxygen
Temperature

28. Freshwater Ecosystems: Ponds, Lakes, Inland Seas
Salinity is less than 0.5 ppt (parts per thousand) Diagram is in book on page 183

29. Freshwater Ecosystems: Wetlands
Areas of land flooded with water at least part of the year
Include freshwater marshes, swamps, bogs, and fens

30. Freshwater Ecosystems: Rivers and Streams
Bodies of surface water that flow downhill, eventually reaching an ocean or inland sea
Delaware Water Gap

31. Estuaries Occur where a river flows into the ocean or an inland sea
Coastal estuaries are brackish ecosystems; organisms must tolerate wide salinity and temperature ranges.
Coastal estuaries are home to salt marshes and mangrove forests.

36. Oceans
Intertidal Areas
Neritic Zones
Open Ocean

38. Review Explained how biomes are characterized
Described how net primary production varies among biomes
Explained how organisms are adapted to the conditions of their biomes
Described the criteria ecologist use to classify aquatic systems
Listed the major categories of freshwater ecosystems
Explained the ecological importance of estuaries
Listed the three major zones of the ocean

39. Chapter 6 Review Explain what biomes and aquatic ecosystems are
Explain how biomes are characterized.
Describe how net primary productivity varies among biomes.