1. GRIHA & Solar Passive Architecture/Renewables
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Government of India
GRIHA & Solar Passive Architecture/Renewables
R S Prasad, Consultant, ADaRSH

2. What is a Green Building?
A green building is a building which provide comfortable living and working conditions to its occupants while minimizing its detrimental impact on the environment.

3. Difference between Energy Efficient and Green
An Energy Efficient building will only conserve energy as compared to other buildings
A Green Building will
conserve energy;
conserve water;
conserve the landscape;
reduce waste generation;
adopt recycling and reuse of materials; and
use low-energy materials

4. Green building design calls for: integrated and coordinated design approach ….in planning, design, construction and management

5. What is GRIHA?

6. Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment
Tool to facilitate design, construction, operation of a green building ,and in turn ….measure “greenness” of a building in India
What gets measured gets managed

7. Highlights Set of 34 criteria
100 (+4 innovation points) point system with differential weightage on various criteria
Change the pie –flat top view
Change the fonts to arial 7 7

8. Weightage based on our National Priorities
GRIHA innovation points over and above 100 points

9. Key highlights of GRIHA
Sets out guidelines for design, construction and operation
Combination of qualitative and quantitative criteria
Sets performances benchmarks for key resources like, energy and water
Facilitates integration of traditional knowledge on architecture with present day technology
Integrates all relevant Indian codes and standards(e.g National building code 2005, Energy Conservation Building Code 2007, IS codes)
Is in complete alignment with government policies and programs (e.g Environmental clearance by the MoEF) 9

10. Key highlights of GRIHA
Building types
Commercial
Residential
Institutional
5 climatic zones
Hot – Dry
Warm – Humid
Composite
Temperate
Cold

11. Salient features
30-40% reduction in operation cost with negligible impact on project cost.
A simple inclusive single window process from Design to Rating
Inclusive process with high degree of hand holding from ADaRSH
Only rating system that exclusively covers ventilated, air conditioned and non-air conditioned buildings/campuses
140 projects with about 7 million square metres registered with GRIHA

12. GRIHA Compliant Building: Beyond ECBC
ECBC Compliance:
Insulation
High Performance glass
Controls
Efficient electrical , mechanical and lighting systems
Incremental cost: 15%
Payback period < 5 years
37%
45%
kWhr/yr
GRIHA Compliance:
ECBC +
Passive principles (shading, orientation, controlled glass area)
Higher indoor design conditions (higher by 1 deg C)
Optimized lighting design
No further incremental cost
Payback period: < 4 years 12

13. Designing a green building!
By adopting the integrated design approach such that the client, architect, engineers, and consultants design the building in a coordinated manner with a common goal – sustainability.
By optimizing site conditions (trees, water bodies, windflow, orientation, etc.) and retain them to cater to the local thermal / visual comfort requirements of the building
By adopting sound architectural practices and taking examples from India’s traditional architecture
By following India’s national codes and standards
By designing precisely-sized energy systems and not basing them on broad thumb-rules

14. Designing a green building! (Continued…)
By following regional development plans (such as the UDPFI guidelines, master plans) and local building by-laws
By adopting locally available construction materials and giving impetus to local arts, crafts, architecture and artisans
By reducing the resource consumption of the building and its inhabitants so that the waste generating there-from is reduced
By adopting energy efficient technologies (EETs) and equipment
By adopting renewable energy technology (RETs) applications to reduce the demand on conventional energy

15. GRIHA-Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment
GRIHA attempts to minimize a building’s resource consumption, waste generation, and overall ecological/ environmental impact by consistent with nationally acceptable limits / benchmarks.
It does so using the five ‘R’ philosophy of sustainable development, namely
Refuse – to blindly adopt international trends, materials, technologies, products, etc. Specially in areas where local substitutes/equivalents are available
Reduce – the dependence on high energy products, systems, processes, etc.
Reuse – materials, products, traditional technologies, so as to reduce the costs incurred in designing buildings as well as in operating them
Recycle – all possible wastes generated from the building site, during construction, operation and demolition
Reinvent – engineering systems, designs, and practices such that India creates global examples that the world can follow rather than us following international examples

16. Why should you get your building rates?
Some of the benefits of a green design to a building owner, user, and the society as a whole are as follows:
Reduced energy consumption without sacrificing the comfort levels (lower operational costs)
Reduced water consumption
Reduced system sizes (HVAC, transformers, cabling, etc.) for optimal performance at local conditions.
Reduced investment (Lifecycle costs)
Reduced destruction of natural areas, habitats, and biodiversity, and reduced soil loss from erosion etc.
Reduced air and water pollution (with direct health benefits)
Limited waste generation due to recycling and reuse
Reduced pollution loads
Increased user productivity
Enhanced image and marketability

17. Passive Solar Architecture
Is the design of buildings whose orientation, forms, shading, materials, fenestration(window/door openings) and site planning enable the structure to naturally store thermal energy from the sun and/or cool the structure by shielding it from the sun rays and causing on unassisted air flow.
Mankind has been using passive solar majors since time immemorial. The traditional buildings in India bear testimony to it.
Passive solar techniques are as varied as architecture itself and depend upon the climatic regions.

18. Can buildings adopt traditional design principles and yet appear contemporary?

19. IRRAD complex Source: Ashok Lall Architects

22. Pearl Fashion Academy Architects: Morphogenesis

25. Design to reduce conventional energy demand (Based on principles of solar passive design)
Conventional ‘adopt international design’ Phenomena
More buildings are being built out of glass these days
Lack of sound design keeps the visual comfort low (high glare conditions, excess heat ingress, etc.)
Most occupants keep their curtains closed in glass buildings and use artificial lighting all day long.
Thereby adding to the overall energy consumption
GRIHA approach
The design is optimized to allow maximum natural light in, while eliminating glare
Sound shading strategies ensure no direct solar radiation is allowed into occupied spaces during summers (and vice versa in winters) Also,
Appropriate planning that reflects climate responsiveness
Adequate day lighting provided
Over and under-design of lighting system is avoided

26. Climate-responsive design strategies
As per the climatic classification of National Building Code-2005, though India has a large variety of climate types, it is predominantly a country with tropical climate. Approximately, 90% of the area has hot- dry, warm-humid, and composite climate. Therefore, climate- responsive buildings, in this context, are designed to avoid the heat gain but at the same time allow adequate daylight into the living space. Some of the passive design strategies adopted to optimize building design that controls heat gain and allows maximum natural light are as follows:
Optimum orientation;
Internal space arrangement (thermal buffer zone/buffer spaces);
Allocation of building openings;
Sizing of openings (limitation of window-wall-ratio and skylight-roof-ration);
Appropriate shading design (façade shading and fenestration shading); and
Adequate daylighting (optimum daylighted area and daylight factor)

27. Solar-passive building design addresses indoor thermal comfort as well as visual comfort
Reduce energy demand of space-conditioning
Reduce energy demand of artificial lighting
Reduction in energy consumption and GHG emission

28. Solar Passive Related Criteria in GRIHA
The criteria 13 of GRIHA ( i.e. optimize building design to reduce conventional energy demand) addresses integration of solar passive principles in building design. This is a mandatory criterion, which emphasizes on building orientation, use of shading devices, fenestration design, window to wall ratio and achieving day lighting in living spaces.
Criterion 4 – Design to include existing site features.
Criterion 5 – Reduce hard paving on-site and/or provide shaded hard-paved surfaces.

29. Integration of ECBC with GRIHA
Criterion 14 of GRIHA (i.e. optimize energy performance of building within a specified comfort limits) requires mandatory compliance with ECBC for projects that fall in the category of ECBC implementation.

30. Renewable Energy
The criteria 18 of GRIHA (i.e. renewable energy utilization) makes it mandatory to meet 1% of project internal lighting and air conditioning connected load (or equivalent) by renewable energy.
The Criteria 6 of GRIHA (i.e. enhance outdoor lighting system efficiency and use renewable energy system for meeting outdoor lighting requirement) promotes use of renewable forms of energy to reduce the use of conventional/fossil fuel based energy resources.

31. For conserving energy – in a cost-effective manner
Cheapest Solution
Most Expensive Solution
Passive design of building
Use of Efficient Systems
Use of Renewable Energy

32. Green buildings are good investment!

33. First 5 star rated GRIHA building in IIT Kanpur
Trees preserved and protected
Solar PV and Solar Thermal systems
N-S Orientation with shading (roof/window)
Outdoor solar lights
Lesser paving

36. Impact of Energy Efficiency measures on costs
Built up area is 4240 sqm of which 1912 sqm is air conditioned
Key energy efficiency features that added to cost (35 lacs)
High performance glazing (Incremental cost of Rs 12.5 lacs)
Roof insulation(Incremental cost of 7 lacs)
Efficient lighting with controls(incremental cost of 9 lacs)
High efficiency chillers/pumps/fans (about 34 TR which is 30% of total tonnage was saved, hence there was a decrease in cost by about 4 lacs)
Earth air tunnel (11 lacs)
Annual energy savings : 18.5 lacs

37. Optimization of building material & selection
Initial energy consumption: 240 kWh/m2 yr
Building envelope
Brick wall
RCC roof without insulation
Single clear glass for windows
240 kWh/m2 per annum
Cavity brick wall with insulation
Roof insulation with fiber glass
Shading on roof
Double glass for windows
208 kWh/m2 per annum
13% energy savings

38. Optimization of Lighting Design
Lighting optimization
Efficient fixtures
Efficient fixtures & lamps
Efficient layout
Daylight integration
208 kWh/m2 per annum
Achievement
LPD=1.3W/ft2
Illumination levels as per standards:
Laboratory: 400 lux
Corridors: 200 lux
Work plane (faculty room): 300 lux
168 kWh/m2 per annum
19% energy savings

39. Optimisation of HVAC system
Air-cooled chiller
168 kWh/m2 per annum
Water-cooled chiller CoP=4.88 (complying with minimum efficiency requirements of the Energy Conservation Building Code
133 kWh/m2 per annum
21% energy savings

40. Optimisation of HVAC design
HVAC system
No controls used in HVAC system
133 kWh/m2 per annum
Controls used in HVAC system
Variable speed drives for chilled water pumps
Efficient load management
Earth air tunnel for fresh air treatment
98 kWh/m2 per annum
26% energy savings

41. Annual Energy Savings 61% savings Initial energy performance
EPI = 240 kWh/m2 per annum
Envelope optimisation
EPI = 208 kWh/m2 per annum
Lighting optimisation
61% savings
EPI = 168 kWh/m2 per annum
Efficient chiller
EPI = 133 kWh/m2 per annum
Controls for HVAC system
Final energy performance
EPI = 98 kWh/m2 per annum

42. Process, tools and mechanisms for GRIHA

43. ADaRSH (Association for Development and Research of Sustainable Habitats
ADaRSH is an independent society, registered under the Societies Act, 1860 as a platform for interaction on all relevant issues pertaining to sustainable habitats in the Indian context. It was founded jointly by MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India) and TERI (The Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi) along with some of the experts in the fields related to sustainability of built-environment from across the country. ADaRSH promotes and manages GRIHA – The National Rating System (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) as a design and evaluation tool for green buildings and habitats, and administers the rating.

44. GRIHA Rating- Robust process
Online registration
Submission of project details
Payment of registration fee (private projects)
Orientation workshop
Submission of compliance form (govt & private)
Submission of undertaking (govt)
Part payment of registration fee (govt projects)
Compliance on site
Due diligence site visits (minimum 3)
Last visit to be conducted after commissioning of systems on site
Assessment of compliance (online site visit reports)
Documentation
Submission by clients
1st review-ADaRSH
Comments on completeness, compliance (ref. initial commitment)
Resubmit
1st Evaluation
Submission by ADaRSH
2nd review -third party subject experts
Comments on correctness of compliance
Resubmit clarifications

45. …GRIHA Rating Final Rating Performance audit Provisional Rating
2nd Evaluation
Submission on clarifications sought
Final evaluation- third party subject experts
Compilation of score by ADaRSH
Submission of final score to NAC
NAC approval
ADaRSH to propose the final score and provisional star rating to NAC (by circulation)
NAC to announce award or provisional rating
Remaining payment of registration fee (govt projects)
Provisional Rating
Release of MNRE incentives
Performance audit
Conducted after 1 year of project operation
BEE accredited auditor to submit report
Review of report and recommendation of final rating by ADaRSH to NAC
Final Rating

46. Registration of projects- current status
GRIHA
95 government buildings (MNRE has paid registration fee for 43 projects)
38 projects
SVA GRIHA
7 projects (public and private)
TOTAL: 140 projects
Approximately 7 million sq m registered
MNRE has encouraged registration of government projects by committing to pay registration fee for the first 200 Government of India and PSU buildings.
Intensive workshops and minimum 3 due diligence site visits are conducted for each registered project

47. Current incentives from Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India
a) Government projects
Registration fee for 200 building projects wavered
b)Private projects- Project Proponent / Owner (upto 2012)
90% Registration cum Certification fee reimbursed
3 Star for buildings < 5000 sq.m.
4 Star for buildings > 5000 sq.m.
c) Project Team (Architects / HVAC Designers)- upto 2012
Rs.2.5 lakhs 3 Star for buildings < 5000 sq.m.
Rs. 5.0 lakhs 4 Star for buildings > 5000 sq.m.
d)Capital Subsidy on Photovoltaic panels
As per MNRE scheme for urban areas
e) Municipal Corporations / Urban local bodies
Rs.50 lakhs (Corporations)
Rs.25 laksh (other ULBs)

48. Mechanisms for implementation
Regulatory
Fast track EIA clearance for GRIHA pre-certified projects
Minimum 3 Star for all Central Government and Public Sector Undertaking buildings mandatory
Minimum 3 Star for all CPWD buildings mandatory
Minimum 3 Star for all buildings in Delhi as per the notification of the Delhi Cabinet
Minimum 1 Star for all buildings in Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC)
Kerala PWD has announced adoption of GRIHA
Financial
0.25% interest rebate on home loans from SBI
Incentives from MNRE (registration fee waiver & cash awards)
Incentives from Municipalities (property tax rebate & discount on premium for developers)

49. Fast track clearance for GRIHA pre-certified projects

50. PCMC endorses GRIHA Rebate on premium for developers
Property tax rebate for occupants/ owners of GRIHA compliant homes

51. Extension of GRIHA Green Guidelines for Large Developments
SVA GRIHA-(Simple Versatile Affordable) GRIHA<2,500m2
GRIHA preferred by educational campuses( 18 projects)

52. What is SVA GRIHA?

53. Background
Preparation of SVA GRIHA for projects <2500 sq m recommended by NAC in January 2011
Large demand from PCMC, which has endorsed GRIHA
Registration fee for smaller projects becomes less (since financial incentives and registration fee waiver by MNRE not applicable)
Avoids the need to appoint an energy consultant for smaller projects
Subsequently, SVAGRIHA designed to cater to projects with built-up area less than 2500 sq.m. 53

54. The Process Registration of the project
Access to the web-based tool given to the project
Submission of completed tool along with necessary documentation to ADaRSH
Feedback to Project Team
Site Visit and due diligence check post construction
Evaluation by a GRIHA Evaluator
Award of Rating by ADaRSH
Note: The site audit to check compliance will be done once the projects is complete and all equipment to be verified are installed 54

55. Minimum points to be achieved
The Structure
SVAGRIHA has 14 criterion which are divided into 5 themes and 50 points
Mandatory to achieve minimum points in each category
Sub-Group
Maximum points
Minimum points to be achieved
Landscape 6 3
Energy 21 11
Water & waste
Materials 8 4
Others 1
Points achieved
SVAGRIHA Rating
25-30
31-35
36-40
41-45
45-50 55

56. Criterion number Criterion name Points1
Reduce UHIE and maintain native vegetation cover on site 6 2
Passive architectural design and systems 4 3
Good fenestration design for reducing direct heat gain and glare while maximizing daylight penetration
Efficient artificial lighting system 5
Thermal efficiency of building envelope
Use of energy efficient appliances 7
Use of renewable energy on site 8
Reduction in building and landscape water demand 9
Rainwater harvesting 10
Generate resource from waste 11
Reduce embodied energy of building 12
Use of low-energy materials in interiors 13
Adoption of green Lifestyle 14
Innovation
Total 50 56

57. Impact- mitigation of climate change
In 2030 emissions from commercial sector:
BAU: 1370 Mt CO2-e
GRIHA: 840 Mt CO2-e
38% emission reductions can be achieved by GRIHA

58. PCNTDA Headquarters, Pimpri-Chinhwad Source: Landmark Design

59. PCNTDA Headquarters, Pimpri-Chinhwad Source: Landmark Design

60. SUZLON ONE-EARTH CAMPUS PUNE, MAHARASHTRA
GRIHA RATED
56% savings in energy
50% savings in water
2,50,000 units of electricity generated annually through renewable sources of energy

62. Thank you for your attention!