1. Quiz: Intro to Psychoanalytic Theory
1. Which major 19th Century scientist and his theory greatly influenced Freud’s thinking?
2. Freud’s tripartite (3-way) model of the human mind is known as the _________.
3. The part of the mind that the individual is not aware of, that possesses memories and experiences not immediately be brought to awareness is the _______.
4. The part of the mind the individual is aware of and provides contact with the external world is the _____.
5. The part of the mind the individual is not immediately aware of but whose memories can be retrieved by directing one’s attention to it is called ________.

2. Sigmund Freud: 1856-1939 Father of Modern Psychoanalytic thought
Primary Concern?
Workings of unconscious
Main insight?
Personality made up of id, ego, super-ego (a complex)
View of religion?
An illusion, not real
A collective neurosis

3. Key Questions
Why is Freud considered one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th century?
What is Freud’s Theory of Personality?
What is the topographical model?
What is the goal of psychoanalysis?
How does Freud view/understand religion?

4. Background: Life Father: struggling Jewish wool merchant
Freud never really respected him (ambiguous feelings)
Anti-Semitic society
Moved to Vienna when he was 4
Complex family relations
Influence of Catholic nanny
1873: University of Vienna (95% Catholic)
Discriminated, deeply hurt, isolated, wrong race, religion: atheist : deep aversion to Christianity

5. Background continued
1883: had a medical practice: pioneered electrotherapy and hypletion (water treatment)
Had a female patient: “The Talking Therapy”
Things that were unconscious were becoming conscious
Collected observational case-studies and engaged in self-analysis
The Interpretation of Dreams (1900): people thought he was nuts

6. Freud’s Theory of Personality
The Topographical Model:
Conscious: connects to external world; small, limited part of mental life
Preconscious: where much of work happens: unconscious made conscious
Unconscious: dominant force in personality
Led to a refinement: Id
Ego
Super-Ego
Key insight: we are governed primarily by unconscious

7. Personality?
“A stable set of tendencies and characteristics that determine those commonalities and differences in people’s psychological behavior (thoughts, feelings, and actions) that have continuity in time and that may not be easily understood as the sole result of the social and biological pressures of the moment”
Dr. Madeline Halligan, Fordham University

8. Key Questions
How (in general) do the relationships between id, ego, and super-ego differ between a healthy and a neurotic person? (Defense mechanisms)
How does Freud’s Theory of Instinct influence his Theory of Personality?
What in Freud’s Theory of Religion can you say yes to? What can you not say yes to?

9. Other Theories Theory of Instinct: starting point of human behavior
Theory of Civilization/Culture: repression of instincts
Theory of Religion: illusion; wish followed by a fear; resolution of Oedipal Complex
All are key to understanding Freud’s view of human mind and religion

10. Theory of Instinct Aim of all human activity?
satisfaction of instinctual drives: sex and aggression (whether artistic, cultural, religious)
Life as continuous cycle of:
Instinctual need/desire and resulting tension
discharge of instinctual energy-reduction of tension
Buildup of instinctual need

11. Assumptions
Satisfaction involves release/discharge of psychic energy and reduction of tension
Freud: sees person as torn between conflicting drives or instincts (conflictual, dualistic model)
Libido: the sex instinct: two goals: pleasure (release of tension), and procreation
Would evolve into his Theory of Eros (life instinct) and Thanatos (death instinct, turned into aggression instinct)

12. Myers-Briggs Personality Profile
Extrovert-Introvert: The way in which you gain energy
Intuitive-Sensory: Way in which you take in information
Thinking-Feeling: Way you process information
Perceiving-Judging: The way in which you utilize information you’ve gathered and processed

13. Defense Mechanisms Freud: What is our basic problem?
Repression: all mechanisms are repressive but repression is a particular form of defense
Are all part of ego
Ego’s way of coping with anxiety, frustration, unacceptable impulses
+/- impacts
Positive?: Builds up ego: important

14. Defense Mechanisms continued
Minus?: distorts reality; prevents us from growing emotionally
Repression like sweeping the “garbage of our life” under a rug?
Distinction between repression and suppression?
Repression: unconscious, less reality-oriented
Suppression: conscious, more reality based, healthier

15. Quiz Theory of Religion
1.The primary struggle at the center of civilization, according to Freud is between ______ and _______
2. According to Freud, religion contribute to the formation of civilization by forcing people to renounce _______ and _______
3. True or False: Freud believes it is possible to have a healthy form of religious devotion

16. Quiz Theory of Religion
4. Freud does not label religious beliefs as delusion (false) but as illusion, meaning that ____ is linked to the illusion
5. Freud further understands religion as an obsessional neurosis, and is therefore more an expression of ______ than ______.

17. Day 6
How does Totemic religions offer insight into Freud’s Oedipal Complex?
How do the two great prohibitions in Totemic religions act as the root of civilization and religion?

18. Mechanisms of Defense Denial Displacement/transference Identification
Intellectualization/Isolation
Reaction Formation
Sublimation
*Projection

19. Mechanisms of Defense and 2 Main Neurotic Styles
First: each of us have elements of both
Obsessive-Compulsive
Case-Study: “Jay”
Detailed, dedicated, driven, predictable
Sad, anxious, industrious, insecure, self-sufficient
Stressed, volatile, distant, rigid, fearful
Primary Defense?
Intellectualization/Isolation of effect
Not in touch with feelings: Thinking, not feeling

20. Obsessive-Compulsives
What do Obs-comps most think of?
“I should….”
How to treat? How to help grow emotionally, spiritually?
Help link actions, events w/his feelings
Main characteristics?
Aggressiveness, drive, ambitious, concerned with details (Anal personality)

21. Hysterical Case #2: “Polly”
Pretty, popular, social, feeling-type, center of social wheel, Social director of sorority,
school performance erratic, lost best friend, grades fell, took year off
Sensitive to emotions of family, changed major
generally happy; when dark thoughts came, like avalanche

22. Hysterical Style cont Primary Defense? Repression
When analyze emotions, gets worse
How to treat/develop emotionally?
Move more to thinking
Was flunking out: How did she react?
Not quite denial but….minimizes, distances (minimization)
When emotions come…..powerful, uncontrollable

23. 4-Key Feelings If can change thinking, can change feelings Mad (angry)
Glad (joyful)
Sad
Afraid
Example: insult-----anger-----replay over and over
Thinking greatly contributes to feelings

24. Theory of Civilization
Purpose? Repression of human aggression and hostility
Protect against nature (human and the world), and adjust people’s relations (infected with aggression and hostility to each other)
Origin of civilization found between conflict between Eros and death instincts
Also leads to rise of religion (Oedipal Complex)

25. Theory of Religion Illusion, not real, neurosis…
Grows out of repression of instincts: specifically, sex and aggression
Religion a function of super-ego: socialization of moral beliefs

26. Theory of Instinct
Id is reservoir of instinctual desire in need of satisfaction: real or fantasy world
In end, cannot be found in fantasy: impact of internet and virtual reality?
Role of Ego:
Decides how instinct is to be realistically satisfied
Calculates consequences
Buffer-zone between impulses of id and real world

27. Theory of Instinct Super-Ego
Inhibits id through moral reasoning of internalized views of parents and society
Id: pleasure principle
Ego: reality principle
Super-Ego: right and wrong principle (moral)

28. What is our Problem?
Repression: ego and super-ego repress desires of id

29. What is the Goal of Psychoanalysis?

30. Key Questions, continued
Which system (biological, psychological, social) do the id, ego, and super-ego derive from and why?

31. Freud’s Insight -Personality made up of Id, Ego, Super-ego
-id: instinct: sex and aggression
-Ego: develops from id: relates us to reality
looks for objects to satisfy
-Super-ego: the internalization of the values of parents and culture

32. Freud’s Model