STP Quarterly Review 30 Apr QFY14 William Denig

STP Quarterly Review 30 Apr 2014 2QFY14 William Denig
Solar & Terrestrial Physics Division NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC

Solar & Terrestrial Physics Division
OUTLINE Solar & Terrestrial Physics Division STP Division Overview Milestones & Metrics Program Updates Special Interest Items COPC: AF Environmental Data Issues & Summary STP Division 4QFY13 Review

STP Organizational Chart
STP Division Overview STP Organizational Chart Solar & Terrestrial Physics Division Bill Denig, Chief Janet Brown, Admin Key F – Federal C – CIRES S – Student V - Vacancy Space Weather Earth Observation Group CORS GPS Dan Wilkinson/F Rob Redmon/F Juan Rodriguez/C Dominic Fuller-Rowell/S Solar Physicist/F1 GOES-R Data Manager/C2 Stefan Codrescu/S Chris Elvidge/F Kim Baugh/C Tilo Ghosh/C (remote) Mikhail Zhizhin/C David Hsu/C Michael VonHendy/S Fran Coloma/C Ernie Joynt Ionospheric Sounding Terry Bullett/C Jim Manley/C (80%) Justin Mabie/C (50%) Ray Conkright/C John Demopoulos/S GOES-R W Rowland/C (75%) Jonathan Darnel/C Janet Machol/C Paul Lotoaniu/C (50%) Jim Manley/C (20%) Particle Scientist/C2 WDS for Geophysics Justin Mabie/C (50%) Karen Horan/F Craig Clark/F DSCOVR W. Rowland/C (25%) Paul Lotoaniu/C (50%) Agile S/W Developmnt Rob Prentice/C – Sparrow New Hire/C - Puma REU Student Natalie Vezina - Purdue University 1Awaiting ATP 2Hiring Process Started STP Division 4QFY13 Review

EUV and X-Ray Irradiance Sensors (EXIS)
STP Division Overview Featured Baby of the Quarter EUV and X-Ray Irradiance Sensors (EXIS) STP Division 4QFY13 Review

Upcoming Featured Baby of the Quarter
STP Division Overview Upcoming Featured Baby of the Quarter Tilo gave birth to Sahira (meaning mountain, Sanskit origin) to a baby girl on the 9th of April. Sahira is doing fine; mom and dad expecting sleepless nights. STP Division 4QFY13 Review

Impacting the Next Generation
STP Division Overview Impacting the Next Generation “Thank you very much for your resources. My student was so excited to think a scientist went out of his way to care about his project. You have made a very positive impression on him, and for that I am grateful.” Mike Logan Biology Instructor Kingston K-14 School Cadet, Missouri Hello Mr. Denig - I am the student which converted the archived data that you gave Mike Logan into statistical data. I entered the Mineral Area College science fair and specialized in earth science. I explained the data to the space station scientist and gave accurate information on how geomagnetism affects our U.S. Power grid and ways that I personally thought were significant to protect against these storms. In the statistical data I have found that geomagnetism is on the increase and we need to make measures to avoid the effects of the storms. I acknowledged you in the presentation and gave my gratitude. Thank you Mr. Denig, I wouldn't of been able to get first place at the science fair without your help. – Jarod Mercer

Milestones and Metrics STP FY14 Milestones
GOES L2+ algorithms slipped to Q3 due to late arrival of funds STP Division 4QFY13 Review

Milestones and Metrics
Milestone: DSCOVR Infrastructure Development Milestone: Ensure required infrastructure is in place to receive, archive and disseminate Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) solar-wind data products prior to the DSCOVR launch readiness date. (Rowland) The files listed here were ingested from SWPC’s production server, and are stored in our Production Archive. Unrestricted data can be accessed by users using this UI, or the REST API that underlies it. All data can be accessed internally via ARS. Completion Planned: 31 Mar14 Actual: 15 Mar 14 Status: Complete. The DSCOVR Infrastructure is now complete are ready to support launch and early-orbit ops. STP Division 4QFY13 Review

Milestone: Ap* Geomagnetic Index Milestone: Return the Ap* geomagnetic index to operations. (Mabie) Top Ten List1 Dst yyyy m d Ap* # n/a Completion Planned: 31 Mar14 Actual: 31 Mar 14 Status: Complete. Algorithm has been re-implemented and dataset brought up-to-date. 1Ap* top 10 compared to largest geomagnetic storms in Dst (after Cliver & Svalgard [ 2005]) STP Division 4QFY13 Review

Milestone: SEM Data in NASA CDAWeb Milestone: Implement ingest of the NOAA Space Environment Monitor data into the NASA Coordinated Data Analysis web to increase public access to the data. (Redmon) NOAA 19 Auroral Crossing on April 21, 2014 MEPED #-flux > 40keV 0⁰ - black 90⁰ - red TED Energy-flux 50 eV -1 keV 0⁰ Look Feedback is being collected from Dave Evans and Barbara Emery; other users are welcome. Completion Planned: 31 Mar 14 Actual: 31 Mar 14 Status: Complete. Final feedback is being collected from Dave Evans and Barbara Emery before final public release. Prototype STP Division 4QFY13 Review

Milestones and Metrics FY14 Metrics Overview
(See Note) Greater than 99% (3-sigma) Cumulative Distribution Greater than 97% (2-sigma) Cumulative Distribution Greater than 84% (1-sigma) Cumulative Distribution Below 84.1% (1-sigma) Cumulative Distribution

Earth Observation Group
Status: Nightfire Accomplishments: Implemented a dual Planck curve fitting procedure in the VIIRS Nightfire algorithm. Radiances in the long wavelength channels define the fit for the background. Radiances in the short-wave channels define the fit for the sub-pixel hot source. Resultant estimates provided for the hot source temperature, source size and radiant heat. Upper curve is the sum of the cool background and hot source Planck curves Sub-pixel hot source Cool background

Space Weather Team Status: Deep Space Climate Observatory
Accomplishments: Leveraged NDGC Common Ingest (CI) for the ingest-to-archive of DSCOVR data from SWPC Verified use of NGDC EXTract (NEXT) for acquiring DSCOVR data Reported NGDC segment status at weekly and monthly program meetings Verified CI performance during Ground Readiness Test #1 (GRT1) Upcoming Events: GRT2 – 18 June 14 Ops Readiness Rev – 29 Oct 14 Mission Readiness Rev – 31 Dec 14 Launch Readiness Rev – 12 Jan 15 DSCOVR Launch – 15 Jan 15

Space Weather Team Status: Total Solar Irradiance Sensor
Accomplishments: Assumed position of TSIS Chief Scientist supporting OSD PM Supported PMC decision brief to accommodate TSIS on the Inter- national Space Station (ISS) Worked with LASP to determine that instrument design changes are not warranted for ISS Upcoming Events: ISS/TSIS Kickoff - May ’14 TSIS L1RD – Date [TBD] Launch Readiness Date (LRD) – Aug ‘17

Space Weather Team Status: POES Space Environment Monitor (SEM)
Accomplishments: Completed transfer of function for POES monitoring and data processing from SWPC to NGDC Developed new in-house capability to process/re-process SEM data from POES (and MetOp) Provided POES belt indices to the AFWA for satellite hazard alerts Upcoming Events: Participate as a member of the organizing committee for Spacecraft Anomalies & Failures Workshop (Chantilly, VA) – July 2014 Attend the 2014 Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference (Pasadena, CA) – Jun 14 Site visit to NRO planned

Space Weather Team Status: GOES-R Status (Overview) Accomplishments:
AA-approved path forward for development of the Satellite Product Analysis and Distribution Enterprise System (SPADES) and path to operations Was appointed project lead for the Space Weather Product Team supporting validation of GOES-R L1b SWx products Delivered Post-Launch Test (PLT) and Post-Launch Product Test (PLPT) descriptions Upcoming Events: GOES-R Mission Ops Review (MOR) – June 14 Final delivery of L2+ science algorithms – 3QFY14 SPADES Preliminary Design Review (PDR) – 01 Oct 14

Space Weather Team Status: GOES-R Status – SME Assessments
SME assessments do not represent Program views EXIS H/W L1b L2+ MAG SEISS SUVI Products L0 Access PDA GRB CLASS SPADES (G) No Issues (R/Y) Less mature design – H. Singer suggests more severe rating1 (R/Y) Impending waivers will likely result in inferior products (Y/G) Hardware waivers will impact overall product performance (G) No issues (Y/G) LZSS access firming up; Interface development separately funded1 (Y) Operational prototype L1b processing planned; Limited independent development1 (Y) AA decision to implement L2+ processing within IDP; FY16 PCS submitted1 (Y) Still working access via PDA and/or GRB; Access to prototype L1b not clear1 (G) No issues1 FOUO 1Assessment or text updated

Space Weather Team Status: GOES-R Status (Details) Detailed Comments1:
MAG H/W Performance (red/yellow): Due to the changes in the design, the MAG is not as mature as the other instruments. This means additional issues are likely to be detected in the coming months. Vendor has not yet assembled the calibration data books which will provide a good deal of insight into the instrument’s performance. H. Singer feels this is more serious than the prior Y/G rating. MAG L1b Algorithm (red/yellow): Program has authorized a prototype of the current version of the vendor's algorithm. If implemented this would repair many of the issues that had already been identified [at which point this status might be Green]. However, the Program is still ardently pursuing substantial performance waivers for the significant degradation of accuracy that would be caused by the "Frozen Baseline" version of the algorithm. If the L1b product only meets the new specs in the waiver, then the utility of the product for the community suffers a significant [Red?] adverse impact. Specific issue is the error associated with the assumptions used for the gradiometer correction algorithm. SEISS Hardware Performance (yellow/green): All four instruments have or are likely to have performance waivers. NGDC is part of the review panel for technical waivers. Hardware waivers have not been sweeping; they have generally been limited to a few energy channels or angles. NGDC provided over 30 pages of detailed written comments on the SEISS calibration data books. The vendor is now in the process of working off these comments and revising the data books accordingly. L0 Products (yellow/green): Program has released a draft LZSS Project Plan (Apr ‘14) document describing the L0 Storage Service including the various “Use Cases” providing external user access to the GOES-R L0 data. The Program has separately funded development of systems to access the L0 data. L0 data will only be available via the WCDAS with no back-up or redundancy. 1SME Assessment

Space Weather Team Status: GOES-R Status (Details)
Detailed Comments1 (continued): L1b Products (yellow): After a detailed technical assessment by NGDC of the serious operational impacts of ground processing algorithms coded to the “frozen baseline” the GOES-R program has authorized a fix to the space weather L1b algorithm codes prior to GOES-R launch as “operational prototypes”. It is unclear how these “fixed” algorithms will be use to validate requirements. L2 Products (yellow): NWS/NESDIS AAs have agreed to submit a FY16 PCS for implementing L2+ SWx algorithms within NWS operational systems. NGDC is currently working with the NWS to “harmonize” the SPADES development for R2O transition. PDA (yellow): The nominal SPADES development initially uses PDA for access to L1b products with GRB access to follow. The NWS is pushing however to have us work the GRB interface sooner (or instead of) PDA. GRB (yellow): (ibid) The nominal SPADES development initially uses PDA for access to L1b products with GRB access to follow. The NWS is pushing however to have us work the GRB interface sooner (or instead of) PDA. SPADES (green): SPADES proposal was fully funded for FY14-16. 1SME Assessment

Space Weather Team Status: GOES-R Status – History FOUO EXIS MAG SEISS
2QFY14 1QFY14 FOUO EXIS H/W L1b L2+ MAG SEISS SUVI Products L0 Access PDA GRB CLASS SPADES G R/Y Y/G Y G Y/G R/Y Y R

Special Interest Item SWx: TSI Calibration Transfer Experiment
The TSI Calibration Transfer Experiment (TCTE) has achieved one of its goals to obtain overlapping measurements with SORCE. LASP (Greg Kopp) is quite pleased with the quality of the TCTE data and how close these measurements compare with the prior record. Once the higher-quality TSIS/ISS data (accuracy of 100 ppm [0.01%]) overlap with TCTE, the accuracy of the historical record can be established. Total Irradiance Monitor Image courtesy of BATC Image courtesy of LASP

Special Interest Item SWx: Space Weather Workshop – Side Meetings
L1 Requirements Workshop Doug Biesecker – Monday (4/5) Objective was to solicit community input on observing priorities and requirements for a DSCOVR follow- on. Baselined instruments are: solar wind mag, solar wind plasma, low energy ions and a coronagraph. Solar Energetic Particles Juan Rodriguez – Friday (4/11) Objectives were to: discuss the inter-calibration of SEP measurements, foster new inter-calibration efforts and recommend a path forward for establishing a set of guidelines for SEP inter-calibration.

Special Interest Item SWx: REACH Demo – HEALER
The USAF will fly a number of HEALER dosimeters aboard the Irridium constellation of satellites as a part of its Responsive Environmental Assessment Commercial Hosting (REACH) demonstration. Data from these dosimeters will be used for real-time space environmental hazard assessments. AFRL plans to use HEALER data in its Space Environment Anomaly Resolution (SpEAR) project for their “end-to-end data-to-decisions demonstration supporting DoD and commercial satellite operations.” Data made available via the NIPRNET (sensitive but unclassified data) should be available to NGDC in real time. Reach Demo - Responsive Environmental Assessment Commercial Hosting Demonstration Note: Distribution D applies to this slide STP Division 4QFY13 Review

Special Interest Item SWx: CIRES Innovative Research Program (IRP)
Janet Machol and Paul Loto’aniu were awarded a competitive CIRES IRP grant to measure the geocorona hydrogen density using solar absorption in the exosphere. This grant dovetails nicely the summer research activities of Janet and Paul’s (also Rod Viereck/SWPC and Marty Snow/LASP) incoming REU1 student Natalie Vezina. With the continuous operations of the GOES satellites over many years into the future, the results from this study should provide the basis for long-term monitoring of the Hydrogen density in the geocorona and therefore for improved atmospheric and plasma models based on GOES observations. Sketch to the right provides a view from above the North Pole. Plot shows three days of Lyman-α measurements at 1 minute cadence from a GOES satellite. Multi-hour H absorption dips occur each day. 1Research Experiences for Undergraduates STP Division 4QFY13 Review

Special Interest Item CORS: GLONASS Outage Incorrectly Linked to SWx
From 22 UTC on 01 Apr 14 until 09 UTC the next day the GLONASS GNSS was providing bad ephemeris data. Fran Coloma noted that were early suggestions that the system failure have been due to a solar storm. Juan Rodriguez determined that space weather was not a likely contributor to this anomaly. Later reports identified the source of the anomaly as an commanding issue. M-class flare occurred after the anomaly “It’s possible that the outage is related to either a new M-class solar storm — the start of which was reported about 48 hours ago — or recent X-class solar flare on March 29 at approximately 1700 UTC. The latter event caused a short-term radio blackout about one hour after the flare erupted.” Emptywheel (02 Apr 14) STP Division 4QFY13 Review

Special Interest Item EOG: Global Gas Flaring Reduction
BCM = * Average M10 radiance R2 = 0.90 N = 840 Calibration United States Irag from space The EOG has released its annual list of gas flaring countries for The top 20 countries are listed above with the U.S. coming in at #12. The largest single flare was located in Venezuela. NGDC has been monitoring the annual total gas flaring emission volumes for CO2 since Current estimates using VIIRS are more accurate than the earlier estimates which relied on DMSP nighttime imagery. STP Division 4QFY13 Review

Special Interest Item EOG: Exploiting VIIRS Capabilities

Special Interest Item EOG: VIIRS Lunar Eclipse
The nighttime lighting effect of the 15 April 2014 lunar eclipse is clearly evident in the VIIRS DNB imagery. The penumbral phase of the eclipse began (ended) at 4:55 UTC (10:38 UTC) with total eclipse lasting from 7:07 to 8:25 UTC.

Special Interest Item EOG: Gotta Love Those Lights (NOAA SPC)

OUTLINE Solar & Terrestrial Physics Division STP Division Overview Milestones & Metrics Program Updates Special Interest Items COPC: USAF Environmental Data Issues & Summary STP Division 4QFY13 Review

COPC – AAA of USAF Data Introduction: DAPE MOA
The renewed MOA-DAPE may provide an appropriate vehicle to replace the expired MOA between AFWA and NGDC for the AAA of USAF satellite and space weather datasets. NOAA POCs M. Kicza V. Griffin K. Amburgey Program Council/National Operational Processing Centers (PC/NOPC) Committee for Operational Processing Centers (COPC) Working Group for Cooperative Support and Backup (WG/CSAB) JAG/ODAA JAG/CCM Signed by (PC/NOPC): Mary E. Kicza, NESDIC Louis Uccellini, NWS RDML Brown,, NMOC (Navy) COL Egentowich,,AFW (USAF) Renewed: 30 Sep 2013 STP Division 4QFY13 Review

COPC – AAA of USAF Data Summary: Why Engage the COPC?
Issue – The Archive, Access and Assessment (AAA) of select USAF environmental data and products was previously covered by an NGDC- AFWA MOU that expired after FY09. Recommendation – The COPC should direct the WG/CSAB to charter a JAG for the expressed purpose of drafting an annex to the DAPE MOA to define the roles and responsibilities of Program Council/NOPC members for the continued AAA of USAF environmental data by NOAA. Consideration should be given to additional DoD operational datasets for inclusion as well as datasets to depreciate. Financial Considerations – The costs associated with the AAA of USAF environmental data should be considered. From an historical perspective the NGDC archive of AF data was originally supported on a cost-reimbursable basis. Due to lack of available resources the AF eventually ceased all funding for this activity. Renewed efforts to secure FY13 funding within AFW were unsuccessful. 1DMSP data received via McMurdo and forwarded to NGDC for public dissemination in compliance with the Antarctic Treaty is covered by a separate MOA.

COPC – AAA of USAF Data Datasets: NGDC holdings of AF Operational Data
Dataset Since Comments DMSP L0 Telemetry 1994 Only source* OLS 1994 Only source* SSJ 1982 Backup to AFRL with public access SSIES 1987 Backup to AFRL with public access SSM 1994 Backup to AFRL with public access Solar SEON/SOON Drawings 1979 Only source* Reports 2010 Only source* SEON/RSTN SRS 2000 Only source* RIMS 1980 Only source* Ionosonde DISS 1981 Redundant source NEXION 2013 Redundant source Acronym List DISS – Digital Ionospheric Sounding System DMSP – Defense Meteorological Satellite Program NEXION - ? OLS – Operational Linescan System RIMS - ? RSTN – Radio Solar Telescope Network SEON – Solar Electro-Optical Network SRS – Solar Radio Spectrograph SSIES – Special Sensor for Ions, Electrons, and Scintillation SSJ – Special Sensor Proton and Electron Spectrometer SSM – Special Sensor Magnetometer See Notes Pages for Acronym List STP Division 4QFY13 Review

COPC – AAA of USAF Data AF User Survey: Findings1
Air Force Space Command AFSPC/A5FW advocates for all the space weather parameters in the attached list of AF owned data elements. Each of these data elements is integrated into AFWA services providing support either directly or indirectly to DoD Space Situational Awareness (SSA) operations AFSPC requests continued archival of all space weather data for continued support of Space Situational Awareness. Air Force Research Laboratory There is a continued need to archive the data sets listed above (SSJ, SSIES, SSM) because of the uses of the data. The SOON data archived at NGDC are derived properties of solar optical emission generated at the SOON sites, such as active region numbers, sunspot area, and strength of flares. This data are used by AFRL at different levels of research. AFRL regards these RSTN data as critical for continued studies aimed at forecasting solar events that can affect USAF communications, navigation and radar. AFRL notes that they would like to see these data archived but it doesn’t necessarily need to be archived at NGDC. AFSPC Comments AFSPC/A5FW advocates for all the space weather parameters (not the terrestrial weather parameters--sub-paragraphs 1a-c) in the attached list of AF owned data elements. Each of these data elements is integrated into AFWA services providing support either directly or indirectly to DoD Space Situational Awareness (SSA) operations. Archival of these data supports SSA in three areas: (1) Space system/services anomaly forensic analysis, (2) Space weather climatology, (3) Operationally relevant space weather research. Anomaly Attribution: For application to space system and service anomaly forensics, there is a need for direct access to information relevant to the effects of the natural space environment. Access to information is needed back to the original launch of the system to compare conditions the given spacecraft/payload/link experienced in the past. There are events that occur once per solar cycle, requiring reach back to information to determine if like conditions in the past cause a given impact. The only data element not required to support anomaly assessments in this manner are the following: 1a-c; 2a,c,d. Space Weather Climatology: Like terrestrial climatology, space climatology provides a baseline comparison for current data and trends, as well as provides rudimentary information if operational observational data are not available. AFSPC depends upon 14th Weather Squadron to provide climatology services to SSA in a similar manner to terrestrial weather climatology services provided to ACC, AMC, etc. The only data elements not supporting space weather climatology are 1a-c. Space Weather research: Additionally, AFRL and FFRDC research using these archived data can be used to improve our understanding of the natural space environment through which our space systems operate and deliver services. AFSPC depends upon AFRL to apply this improved understanding to better attribute and predict environmental factors impacting our national security space capabilities and implementing appropriate response options to protect those capabilities. The only data elements not supporting operationally relevant space weather research are 1a-c. AFSPC requests continued archival of all space weather data for continued of Space Situational Awareness. AFRL Comments 1a) DMSP unprocessed data. Do not use this data. 1b) DMSP unprocessed data received via McMurdo Station. Do not use this data. 1c) DMSP Operational Linescan System (OLS) film records. Do not use this data. 1d) SSJ – Special Sensor J – Auroral Particle Detector. 1e) SSIES – Special Sensor Ion Electron Spectrometer. 1f) SSM – Special Sensor Magnetometer There is a continued need to archive the data sets listed above because of the uses of the data. These include: 1. Scientific research to understand the behavior of the topside ionosphere and how energy and momentum is transferred between the ionosphere and magnetosphere. Such research leads to the development of new space weather data products. 2. Long term trending of the performance of these sensors on orbit. For example, the detectors in the SSJ sensor are known to degrade over time. The only way to measure the change is to compare the current data with past data. We also compare the SSJ data between the various DMSP satellites to cross calibrate and compare degradation rates. We track sensor degradation in order to correct the SSJ data for the effect. 3. Troubleshooting problems with DMSP spacecraft systems or other DMSP sensors. For example, late last year (2011) a noise problem was discovered in the F18 SSULI data. The noise had an 8 second modulation that was traced back to the F18 SSIES3 sensor. Over the last several months the NRL team has compared SSULI, SSIES and other data to get to the root cause of the noise problem. 4. Calibration and validation of the SSUSI UV sensor. SSJ data is used to calibrate SSUSI radiances as well as validate SSUSI auroral products. We have archived these data at AFRL since the early 1980s. The data is stored on several computer systems (at AFRL and Boston College) as well as on physical media (CD, DVD). In addition we supply copies of this data to APL (SSJ), Aerospace Corp (SSJ, SSIES, SSM), UTD (SSIES), and NGDC (SSJ, SSIES, SSM). Whenever we have a need for the data we draw from our own archive. We do not know what archiving services NGDC provides but from our perspective they only serve as a redundant off-site storage location for this data. 1g) SSUSI – Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager. Would like to see this data archived but it doesn’t necessarily need to be archived at NGDC. 1h) SSULI – Special Sensor Ultraviolet Limb Imager. Would like to see this data archived but it doesn’t necessarily need to be archived at NGDC. 2a) SOON Sunspot Analysis Worksheets 2c) DALAS Data – Solar Disk and Limb Summaries (DALAS) 2d) FLARE Data – Solar Flare Codes (FLARE) 2e) SPOTS Data – Sunspot Codes (SPOTS) 2f) STATS Data – Patrol Status Codes (STATS) The SOON data archived at NGDC are derived properties of solar optical emission generated at the SOON sites, such as active region numbers, sunspot area, and strength of flares. The real-time reports of these data are also archived by SWPC. This data, along with similar derived information from other observatories converted to a meta-form such as NOAA Active Region Reports, NOAA Flare and Activity Reports and Summaries, Sunspot Areas, etc, is used by AFRL at different levels of research. The data is in the form of small text files and the volume of data is insignificant. The original SOON telescope images would represent a larger data volume, but they were not in a digital form and are not currently archived by NGDC. Recently, SOON 8-bit images 512x512 images are being received at AFWA from the SOON sites in near real time. AFRL is yet to examine these images to understand both data rates and the need for evaluating the archive requirements. 2b) BURST Data – Discrete Solar Radio Burst Codes (BURST). This is listed under SOON in the document but actually comes from the RSTN sites: it is simply text lists of solar radio burst occurrences. This is used by AFRL and other groups for correlation studies and event identification. The files are small. 3a) RSTN/RIMS – Daily files of fixed frequency solar radio measurements 3b) RSTN/SRS – Daily files of spectral frequency solar radio measurements 3c) FLUX DATA – Integrated Solar Radio Flux Codes (IFLUX) 3d) SWEEP DATA – Spectral Solar Radio Burst Codes (SWEEP) The archived RSTN observations of radio emission from the Sun are used extensively by AFRL and other groups for research into causes and forecasting of events that can affect USAF assets. It is an irreplaceable data set that is widely relied upon for studies of correlations of radio emission with geoeffective solar events. The main volume of RSTN data consists of two parts: (i) daily files containing the SRS spectral data from MHz. Each file is about 6.5 Mbytes, and there are four observatories, so the total storage requirement is of order 10 GB per year. (ii) Daily files containing the fixed-frequency (RIMS; 245, 410, 610, 1415, 2695, 4995, 8800 and MHz) measurements, typically 0.25 MB per day each for an annual total of less than 400 MB. These data are not archived by SWPC. The other data at NGDC (noon flux measurements from each observatory each day, known as IFLUXdata, SWEEP codes, etc.) are small text files with minimal storage needs. SWPC posts the IFLUX values in the daily index files, but these are not available at SWPC beyond 45 days of the current date, so SWPC does not serve as a long-term archive of these data. The RSTN noon IFLUX measurements, along with the Penticton F10.7 fluxes, are an important component of studies of solar cycle behavior that are needed to forecast future levels of solar activity. The document lists the Palehua RSTN site as no longer operational: in fact this site was moved to a new location on the island of Oahu at Kaena Point, and it will continue to provide data along with the other three RSTN sites. It is expected that RSTN will be upgraded in several years, and the new system will likely produce higher data rates, but with storage costs currently below 10 cents per GB, the cost of storage space will remain very small. The mode of operation will also change, with all data coming in centrally to one AFWA location, which may help to simplify the data transfer to NGDC. AFRL regards these RSTN data as critical for continued studies aimed at forecasting solar events that can affect USAF communications, navigation and radar. The larger cost is presumably associated with the labor required to put the data on the web. This can be minimized by ensuring that the data supplied by NOAA and AFWA do not require further processing at NGDC, but rather just require to be posted in the appropriate locations on the NGDC web site. AFRL may be able to help with this effort. 4) Improved Solar Observing Optical Network (ISOON). ISOON raw image data in 12-bit 2048x2048 arrays is not currently being archived at NGDC. ISOON is transitioning to operations under AFWA control, and NGDC/NOAA is the obvious repository to be the holder and distributor of this data. Until now the National Solar Observatory (NSO) has been a collaborator with AFRL on the ISOON project and hosts ISOON Prototype data from the period before AFWA operation. An earlier plan to distribute ISOON data via the NSO’s virtual solar observatory is on hold, due to non-availability of resources at NSO. The Virtual Solar Observatory (hosted at NSO) has been a pointer-repository (points to where data is) of high-volume solar imaging data. ISOON Prototype data ( ) serves as the most consistent and high quality ground-based data source for chromospheric and photospheric research on solar flares, whose results are vitally important to AFWA. AFRL recommends that this data from both ISOON Prototype and the operational ISOON (starting 2012) be preserved by AFWA at NGDC. Data volumes of the ISOON data are expected to be of order 10 terabytes per year/ISOON site. 5) Digital Ionospheric Sounding System (DISS) 6) NEXION Would like to see this data archived but it doesn’t necessarily need to be archived at NGDC. Testing assimilative models on notable past events requires full data sets. Also should archive more than one solar cycle. This is because, as the lower atmosphere heats due to CO2, the upper atmosphere actually cools. To assess that cooling (which is essential for calculating orbital decay, for example), we need more than one solar cycle. 1Paraphrased – full text included on notes pages STP Division 4QFY13 Review

COPC – AAA of USAF Data Web Statistics: Data Usage and Details
In FY13 the AFWA requested information regarding the usage of USAF data. This analysis was gleaned from NGDC YTD web statistics DMSP data (mostly OLS) Requests (all): 4,428,709 Requests (.mil): 620,019 (14.6%) Requests (.gov): 50,487 (1.14%) Total download: 5.44 TB Details: DMSP SWx (37,643) Solar data (includes USAF – see details) Requests (all): 15,973,043 Requests (.mil): 177,301 (1.11%) Requests (.gov): (5.50%) Total download: 3.49 TB Details: RSTN (342,853); SOON (87,415) Ionosonde data (Data provider to AFWA) Requests (all): 37,492,801 Requests (.mil): 847,337 (2.26%) Requests (.gov): 8,510,866 (22.7%) Total download: 5.41 TB DMSP Statistics run on 13 sep 12 (day 257) - DMSP Successful requests: 3,109,777 (Actual) - Corrected for 1 year 366/257): 4,428,709 Percent “.mil”: 14.6% Percent “gov”: % Data transferred: Corrected for 1 year 366/257): 5.44 terabytes Statistics run on 13 sep 12 (day 257) – solar Successful requests: 11,216,044 (Actual) – Corrected for 1 year 15,973,043 Percent “mil”: 1.11% Percent “gov”: 5.50% Data transferred: 2.45 terabytes (Actual) – Corrected for 1 year : /STP/SOLAR_DATA/SOLAR_RADIO – RSTN (corrected: 342,853) : /STP/SOLAR_DATA/SUNSPOT_REGIONS/ - SOON (corrected: 87,415) : /stp/satellite/dmsp/ - DMSP SWx (corrected: Statistics run on 30 aug 12 (day 243) – ionosonde Successful requests: 24,892,761 (Actual) – Corrected for 1 year 366/243): 37,492,801 Percent “mil”: 2.26% Percent “gov”: 22.7% Data transferred: 3.59 terabytes (Actual) – Corrected for 1 year 366/243): 5.41 terabytes

DMSP SWx mostly refers to SSJ/SSIES/SSM
COPC – AAA of USAF Data Research: DMSP SWx Data Used for Science Articles: 3,579 Articles: 707 Space Physics Space Physics DMSP SWx mostly refers to SSJ/SSIES/SSM

STP YTD FY14 Publications – 16 (1 of 3)
Issues & Summary STP YTD FY14 Publications – 16 (1 of 3) Publications (YTD): Bordikar, M. R., W. A. Scales, A. Mahmoudian, H. Kim, P. A. Bernhardt, R. Redmon, A. R. Samimi, S. Brizcinski, and M. J. McCarrick (2014), Impact of active geomagnetic conditions on stimulated radiation during ionospheric second electron gyroharmonic heating, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 119, pp. 548–565, doi: /2013JA [Peer reviewed] Clilverd, M. A., N. Cobbett, C. J. Rodger, J. B. Brundell, M. H. Denton, D. P. Hartley, J. V. Rodriguez, D. Danskin, T. Raita, and E. L. Spanswick (2013), Energetic electron precipitation characteristics observed from Antarctica during a flux dropout event, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 118, 6921–6935, doi: /2013JA [Peer reviewed] Elvidge, C.D. (2013), Space Based Surveillance Tools for Monitoring of Fisheries, Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, Bali, India, Oct 2013. Elvidge, C.D., K. Baugh, F-C Hsu and M. Zhizhin (2013), SNPP Data Access of Agricultural Monitoring, Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, Bali, India, Oct 2013. Erwin, E.H., H.E. Coffey, W.F. Denig, D.M. Willis, R. Henwood and M.N. Wild (2013), The Greenwich Photo- heliographic Results (1874 – 1976): Initial Corrections to the Printed Publications, Solar Physics, 288, pp doi: /s z [Peer reviewed] Hartley, D. P., M. H. Denton, J. C. Green, T. G. Onsager, J. V. Rodriguez, and H. J. Singer (2013), Case studies of the impact of high-speed solar wind streams on the electron radiation belt at geosynchronous orbit: Flux, magnetic field, and phase space density, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 118, 6964–6979, doi: /2013JA [Peer reviewed] Knipp, D. J., T. Matsuo, L. Kilcommons, A. Richmond, B. Anderson, H. Korth, R. Redmon, B. Mero, and N. Parrish (2014), Comparison of magnetic perturbation data from LEO satellite constellations: Statistics of DMSP and AMPERE, Space Weather, 12, 2–23, doi: /2013SW [Peer Reviewed] Kress,B.T., J.V. Rodriguez, J.E. Mazur and M. Engel (2013), Modeling solar proton access to geostationary spacecraft with geomagnetic cutoffs, Adv. Space Res., 52, [Peer reviewed]

STP YTD FY14 Publications – 16 (2 of 3)
Issues & Summary STP YTD FY14 Publications – 16 (2 of 3) Publications (continued): Rodriguez, J.V. , J.C. Krosschell and J.C. Green (2014), Intercalibration of GOES 8‐15 solar proton detectors, Space Weather, 12, doi: /2013SW [Peer reviewed] Sandholt, P.E., C.J. Farrugia and W.F. Denig (2014), M-I Coupling Across the Auroral Oval at Dusk and Midnight: Repetitive Substorm Activity Driven by Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), Ann. Geophys., 32, doi: /angeo [Peer Reviewed] Snow, M., M. Weber, J. Machol, R. Viereck and E. Richard (2014) Comparison of Magnesium II Core-to-Wing Ratio Observations During Solar Minimum 23/24, J. Space Weather Space Clim., 4, A04, doi: /swsc/ [Peer reviewed] Soloviev, A., A. Khokhlov, E. Jalkovsky, A. Berezko, A. Lebedev, E. Kharin, I. Shestolaplv, M. Mandea, V. Kuznetsov, T. Bondar, J. Mabie, M. Nisilevich, V. Nechitailenko, A. Rybkina, O. Pyatygina and A. Shibaevo (2013), The Atlas of the Earth’s Magnetic Field, eds. A. Gvishiani, A. Frolov and V. Lapshin, Pulb. GC RAS, Moscow, 361 p. doi: /2013/BS011_Atlas_MPZ Turner, D. L., V. Angelopoulos, S. K. Morley, M. G. Henderson, G. D. Reeves, W. Li, D. N. Baker, C.-L. Huang, A. Boyd, H. E. Spence, S. G. Claudepierre, J. B. Blake and J. V. Rodriguez (2014), On the cause and extent of outer radiation belt losses during the 30 September 2012 dropout event, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 119, 1530–1540, doi: /2013JA [Peer Reviewed] Turner, D. L., V. Angelopoulos, W. Li, J. Bortnik, B. Ni, Q. Ma, R. M. Thorne, S. K. Morley, M. G. Henderson, G. D. Reeves, M. Usanova, I. R. Mann, S. G. Claudepierre, J. B. Blake, D. N. Baker, C.-L. Huang, H. Spence, W. Kurth, C. Kletzing and J. V. Rodriguez (2014), Competing source and loss mechanisms due to wave-particle interactions in Earth's outer radiation belt during the 30 September to 3 October 2012 geomagnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 119, 1960–1979, doi: /2014JA [Peer Reviewed] Willis, D.M., H.E. Coffey, R. Henwood, E.H. Erwin, D.V. Hoyt, M.N. Wild and W.F. Denig (2013), The Greenwich Photo-heliographic Results (1874 – 1976): Summary of the Observations, Applications, Datasets, Definitions and Errors, Solar Physics, 288, pp doi /s y [Peer reviewed]

Issues & Summary STP YTD FY14 Publications – 16 (3 of 3)
Publications (continued): Willis, D.M., R. Henwood, M.N. Wild, H.E. Coffey, W.F. Denig, E.H. Erwin and D.V. Hoyt (2013), The Greenwich Photo-heliographic Results (1874 – 1976): Procedures for Checking and Correcting the Sunspot Digital Datasets, Solar Physics , 288, pp doi /s x [Peer reviewed] Total accepted or published: 16 Peer Reviewed: 14

Issues & Summary Featured Publication
Sandholt, P.E., C.J. Farrugia and W.F. Denig (2014), M-I Coupling Across the Auroral Oval at Dusk and Midnight: Repetitive Substorm Activity Driven by Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), Ann. Geophys., 32, Schematic illustration of current systems relating to the dayside and nightside sources of polar cap convection as marked by two dawn - to - dusk directed E-fields (D and N) in the polar cap. The dayside source consists of dynamo processes (E · J < 0) in magnetospheric boundary layers (BLs) at high (HBL) and low (LLBL) latitudes. E-field coupling from the solar wind (ESW) (along old open field lines) to the polar cap in the postnoon sector is illustrated for a southwest - directed IMF (Bz < 0; By < 0). Dayside R1 FACs connected to the low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL) and the magnetopause current flowing over the top of the magnetosphere (JMP ) are shown. The substorm current systems are reproduced from Figure 1. The auroral oval is represented by two concentric circles. The Harang reversal boundary is marked by a dashed curved line connecting the poleward and equatorward oval boundaries at dusk - pre-midnight. E - field coupling from the tail lobe (ETL) to the nightside polar cap ionosphere (N) is indicated. Measurements of high-latitude electrostatic processes monitored by DMSP are used to characterize physical processes in the nightside auroral zones STP Division 4QFY13 Review

Issues & Summary Solar & Terrestrial Physics Division NGS Aerial Photography (4QFY13) – Some positive movement GOES-R SWx Algorithm Risks (4QFY13) – Improving Fed hiring restrictions having mission impact (3QFY12) – Much better GOES-R L2+ SWx algorithms (3QFY11) – Path to operations defined Frozen Baseline / Algorithm Readiness – Waivers – Improving GOES L0 Data Not in CLASS – Solved (trust but verify) GOES-R Data Management Tasks – GOES-R Data Mngr CIRES Metrics Papers (FY14-YTD): 16 Peer Reviewed: 14 Presentations (FY14-YTD): 36

QUESTIONS? STP Division 4QFY13 Review

BACKUP SLIDES STP Division 4QFY13 Review

Professional Activities
STP FY14 Presentations – 36 (Pg 1 of 3) YTD Presentations (FY14): Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, 20-4 October 2013, Bali, India Space Based Surveillance Tools for Monitoring of Fisheries, C.D. Elvidge SNPP Data Access of Agricultural Monitoring,,C.D. Elvidge, K. Baugh,, F-C Hsu and M. Zhizhin American Geophysical Union, December 2013, San Francisco, CA VIIRS Nightfire: multispectral satellite pyrometry at night [IN11B-1526/Poster], M.N. Zhizhin, C.D. Elvidge, K. Baugh, and Feng and Chi Hsu Day-to-day Monitoring of the Comparisons Between UHF Scintillation Forecasts and GNSS Observations [SA12A-04/Oral], D.N. Anderson, Yu Morton, Yu Jiao, R.J. Redmon Structure of a Reconnection Layer Poleward of the Cusp Under Extreme Density Asymmetry [SM13B-2144/Poster], F.M. Muzamil, C.J. Farrugia, R.B. Torbert, F. Mozer, P.L. Pritchett, J.D. Scudder, P.E. Sandholt, C.T. Russell and W.F. Denig Observations from the GOES Space Environment Monitor and Solar X-ray Imager are now available in a whole new way! [IN21C- 1400/Poster], D.C. Wilkinson In Situ and Ground-Based Observations of a Long-Duration Pulsating Aurora Event [SM21D-02/Oral], E.J. Lund, J.V. Rodriguez, C-L. Huang, M. Lessard, K.W. Paulson, J. F. Fennell, H.O. Funsten, G.B. Hospodarsky, C. Kletzing, W.S. Kurth, E.MacDonald, G.D. Reeves, R.M. Skoug, C.W. Smith, and H. Spence NOAA People Empowered Products (PeEP): Combining social media with scientific models to provide eye-witness confirmed products [SM23A-2226/Poster], S. Codrescu, J.C. Green, R.J. Redmon, K. Minor, W.F. Denig and E.A. Kihn Simultaneous observations of Pc5 magnetic field pulsations and associated GPS TEC variations in the auroral ionosphere [SA31A- 1955/Poster], C.Watson, P.T. Jayachandran, H.J. Singer, R.J. Redmon and D.W. Danskin Historical Space Weather Datasets within NOAA [SA33A-1988/Oral], W.F. Denig, J.J. Mabie, K. Horan and C. Clark Predicting Electron Energy Flux Using Ground-Based Multi-Spectral Auroral Imaging [SA33A-1989/Oral], G.A. Grubbs, M. Samara, R. Michell, and R.J. Redmon Simulation of radiation belt electron dynamics using in-situ global model of chorus waves inferred from the low-altitude electron precipitation [SM33C-03/Oral], W. Li, R.M. Thorne, B. Ni, J. Bortnik, Q. Ma, L. Chen, C. Kletzing, W.S. Kurth, G.B. Hospodarsky, J.C. Green, D.N. Baker, S.G. Kanekal, G.D. Reeves, M.G. Henderson, H. Spence, J.B. Blake, J.F. Fennell, and S.G. Claudepierre A quantitative assessment of the role of soft electron precipitation on global ion upwelling[ SA41A-2099/Poster], R.J. Redmon, W.K. Peterson, L.Andersson, and P.G. Richards

STP FY14 Presentations – 36 (Pg 2 of 3) YTD Presentations (continued): American Geophysical Union, December 2013, San Francisco, CA Comparison of Magnesium II Core-to-Wing Ratio Measurements During Solar Minimum 23/24 [GC51C-0975/Poster], J.L. Machol, M.A. Snow, R.A. Viereck, M. Weber, E.C. Richard and L.C. Puga SOLSTICE II -- Magnesium II Index [GC51C-0979/Poster], M.A. Snow, J.L. Machol, R.A. Viereck and E.C. Richard Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Scaling Properties of Human Settlements (GC51E04/Invited Oral), C. Small, C. Milesi, C. Elvidge, K. Baugh, G.M. Henebry and S.V. Nghiem Wave activity in the Thermosphere-Ionosphere system as determined from Dynasonde data [SA51B-2073/Poster], C. Negrea, N.A. Zabotin, T.W. Bullett, and O.A. Godin VIIRS Nighttime Lights: Advances in Satellite Low-Light Imaging [GC53A-1049/Poster], F.C. Hsu, K. Baugh, C. Elvidge and M.N. Zhizhin M-I coupling across the Harang reversal during storm--substorm activity driven by an interplanetry ICMEs [SM51C-2197/Poster], C.J. Farrugia, P.E. Sandholt, and W.F. Denig From scientific understanding to operational utility: New concepts and tools for monitoring space weather effects on satellites [SM52C- 06/Oral], J.C. Green, J.V. Rodriguez, W.F. Denig, R.J. Redmon, J.B. Blake, J.E. Mazur, J.F. Fennell, T.P. O'Brien, T.B. Guild, S.G. Claudepierre, H.J. Singer, T.G. Onsager and D.C. Wilkinson Geomagnetic Field Modeling with DMSP [GP53C-1158/Poster], P.Alken, R.J. Redmon, F.J. Rich, S.Maus and H. Luhr Tracing Acoustic-Gravity Waves from the Ocean into the Ionosphere [SA53A-04/Oral], N.A. Zabotin, O.A. Godin, T.W. Bullett and C. Negrea A Statistical Examination of Magnetic Field Model Accuracy for Mapping Geosynchronous Solar Energetic Particle Observations to Lower Earth Orbits [SM53D-2253/Poster], S.L. Young, B.T. Kress, J.V. Rodriguez and J.P. McCollough National Radio Science Meeting, January 2014, Boulder, CO Wave Activity in the Thermosphere-Ionosphere System as Determined from Dynasonde Data (Oral), C. Negrea, N. Zabotin, T. Bullett and O. Godin HF Radar Measurement Techniques in the Thermosphere-Ionosphere Using Dynasonde Methods (Oral), T. Bullett, N. Zabotin, J. Mabie and C. Negrea American Meteorological Society, February 2014, Atlanta, GA NOAA Operational Space Environmental Monitoring—Current Capabilities and Future Directions (Oral), W.F. Denig and P. Mulligan Stewardship of NOAA Space Environmental Data (Invited Oral), W.F. Denig Extreme Space Weather Events Measured by GOES, 1974 – 2013, D.C. Wilkinson and W.F. Denig

STP FY14 Presentations – 36 (Pg 3 of 3) YTD Presentations (continued): Astrodynamics 5300, 04 March 2014, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO State of the Art in Ion Outflow (Invited Lecture), R. Redmon. Boulder Solar Day, 18 March 2014, Boulder, CO GOES Solar EUV Spectral Irradiance Observations and EUV Proxy Model [Poster], R.A. Viereck, J.L. Machol and W. Suess Space Weather Workshop, April 2014, Boulder, CO Solar Energetic Particle Measurements Intercalibration Workshop: Today's Topics and Long Term Goals (Oral Invited), J. Rodriguez and T. Onsager [Paul’s poster] European Geosciences Union, 27 April – 02 May 2014, Vienna, Austria NOAA Operational Space Environmental Monitoring – Current Capabilities and Future Directions [EGU /Oral], W.F. Denig, R.J. Redmon and P. Mulligan Multi-Instrumental Vector Magnetic Observations and Techniques for Investigating Auroral Dynamics [EGU /Oral], R.J. Redmon, D. Knipp, L. Kilcommons, A. Richmond, T. Matsuo, B. Anderson, H. Korth, J. Slavin, G. Le, G. Wilson, F.J. Rich and W.F. Denig Energy Coupling Between the Solar Wind and Ionosphere-Thermosphere System in HSS Events of the Ascending Phase of the Solar Cycle [EGU2014/7789/Poster], O. Verkhoglyadova, A. Mannucci, B. Tsurutani, M. Mlynczak, L. Hunt, R.J. Redmon, D. Knipp and J.C. Green

Planned Power Outage Impacts
STP Division Overview Planned Power Outage Impacts STP Impacts – Power Outage – January 2014 Impacted Significant Impacts Party Notification - CORS: No GPS data will be available for US-TEC SWPC Yes - POES: Radiation Belt Indices will be unavailable AFWA Yes - Ionosonde: Sounder data will be unavailable AFWA Yes - EOG: No DMSP/VIIRS Products will be available Subscribers Yes - McMurdo: No public access to DMSP data AFWA Yes Impacted Minor Impacts Party Notification - NGDC website down Customers Yes - GOES data ingest delayed – some data loss1 SWPC Yes - OVATION output for SWPC will be unavailable SWPC Yes - GPS-Met (ESRL) can switch to Silver Spring ESRL Yes - ENLIL data ingest will be delayed but recoverable SWPC Yes - DMSP data ingest needs to be coordinated AFWA Yes 1GOES data loss occurred on the SWPC side STP Division 4QFY13 Review

Division Overview Balance Sheet – FY14 STP Division 4QFY13 Review

GOES Spacecraft/Instrument Status
Division Overview GOES Spacecraft/Instrument Status Acronym List GOES – Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite SEM – Space Environment Monitor SXI – Solar x-ray Imager (GOES M, NOP) XRS – (Solar) X-Ray Sensor (GOES M) XRS-EUV – (Solar) X-Ray Sensor – Extreme UltraViolet sensor EPS – Energetic Particle Sensor (GOES M, NOP) HEPAD – High Energy Proton and Alpha particle Detector (GOES M, NOP) XRP – X-Ray Platform/Positioner (GOES M) EXIS – Extreme X-ray and Ultraviolet Irradiance Sensor (GOES-R series) SUVI – Solar UltraViolet Imager (GOES-R series) SEISS – Space Environment In-Situ Sensor (GOES-R series) MAG – Magnetometer (GOES-R series) SWPC – Space Weather Prediction Center (NWS) SWPC operations use GOES-15 SEM & SXI, No GOES-14 data, GOES-13 SEM (no XRS). See “Acronym List” in the notes pages.

Annual Data Ingest1 – 2QFY14(1QCY14)
Division Overview Annual Data Ingest1 – 2QFY14(1QCY14) CY12 CY13 CY14 GB GB YTD GOES SEM GOES SXI POES SEM DMSP OLS CORS GPS Ionosonde 80 1899 29 5,020 25,611 9072 69 1,887 19 5,050 26,005 7502 21 629 7 1,280 7,395 1752,3 1Uncompressed data volumes 2Does not include VIPIR 3Estimate 54

Division Overview Agreements – Status Acronym List
CORS – Continuously Operating Reference Stations SWx – Space Weather GPS – Global Positioning System ViRBO – Virtual Radiation Belt Observatory SEM-N – Space Environment Monitor – Next (for the now canceled Defense Weather Satellite System [DWSS]) DWSS – Defense Weather Satellite System SPDF – Space Physics Data Facility (NASA) NASIC – National Air & Space Intelligence Center HAII – Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute

STP Quarterly Review 30 Apr QFY14 William Denig

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