1. ORGANIZATION STRATEGY
Muchammad Asy’ari Mashbur Nasran
Ahmad Teguh Perkasa
Dickxie Audiyanto

2. Outline
1. Level of Organization Strategy 2. Identifying Current Corporate Strategy 3. Corporate Strategy Analysis -Techniques for the Analysis of Strategy -The BCG Growth-Share Matrix -The GE Business Portfolio Matrix 4. Business Strategy Analysis -Generic Business Strategies -Strategies for Dominant Firms -Strategies for Low Market-Share Firms -Strategies for Firms in Stagnant Industries --Product Life Cycle 5. Functional Strategy Analysis 6. Choosing an Organization Strategy -Internal Consideration -External Consideration 7. Closing

3. Review of Previous Presentations
A Model of the Strategic Management
Assesment of SWOT
(Ch. 2)
Formulation of Organization Mission
(Ch. 3)
Formulation of Organization Philosophy and Policies
Determination of Strategic Objectives
Determination of Organization Strategy
(Ch. 3 & 4)
Implementation of Organization Strategy
(Ch. 5)
Control of Organization Strategy
Feedback, Feedforward, and Recycle

4. Level of Organization Strategy
OUTLINE 1:
Level of Organization Strategy

5. Levels of Organization Strategy
Four levels in Organization Strategy:
Societal Strategy
Corporate Strategy
Business Strategy
Functional Strategies

6. What is Societal Strategy?
Societal Strategy is concerned with the relationships between an organization and its external environment, as well as the board issues of corporate citizenship, social responsibility and accountability, and business ethics. It is formulated by the board of direction.

7. What is Corporate Strategy?
Corporate Strategy is TOP MANAGEMENT’S grand design for managing the whole organization. The aim of corporate strategy is to manage the company’s current and future portfolio of businesses to effect the fulfillment of the company’s strategic objectives.

8. What is Business Strategy?
The Focus of Business Strategy is on “how to compete in a particular industry or product/market segment”. Business Strategy is to provide the firm with the competitive approach that enables it to achieve its business objectives.

9. What is Functional Strategy?
Functional Strategy is concerned with the development of strategies in each the functional areas within a business, for example: production, marketing, finance, and research and development

10. Hierarchial Strategy Interrelationship
Societal Objective
Societal Strategy
Corporate Objective
Corporate Strategy
Business Objective
Business Strategy
Functional Objective
Functional Strategy

11. Identifying Current Corporate Strategy
OUTLINE 2:
Identifying Current Corporate Strategy

12. Identifying Current Corporate Strategy
It is important to identify the current corporate strategy of single or multi business enterprise. It is involved the evaluation of the current business and making decision about which business deserves greater or fewer resources in the future.

13. The Spokes of Corporate Strategy
Current Corporate Strategy
Organization’s attitude towards risk obtained from liquidity and debt ratios
Role assigned to each business in the total business portfolio: growth, stability, retrenchment
Types of strategic advantages (if any) in various business
Business acquired and why
Business divested or liquidated and why
Nature of diversification: concentric. conglomerate
Strategic objectives of the organization: growth, profitability, financial
Degree of diversification
Number of different business in the portfolio
Products and targeted market segments of each business
Relative sizes of different business
Profitability prospect of each business
Market share each business
Growth rate of each business
Vertical/horizontal integration consummated
Criteria used for allocating investment funds to various business

14. Corporate Strategy Analysis
OUTLINE 3:
Corporate Strategy Analysis
Techniques for the Analysis of Strategy
The BCG Growth-Share Matrix
The GE Business Portfolio Matrix

15. Corporate Strategy Analysis
An effective corporate strategy gives the firm balanced portfolio of business that enables it to achieve its strategic objectives, especially those in the areas of profitability, growth, and financial performance. Corporate strategy must decide where to allocate the organization’s resources among the existing business in its portfolio or to enter new business. Corporate Strategy Analysis are meant to help the corporate strategist obtain such business portfolio

16. Techniques for the Analysis of Corporate Strategy
Portfolio analysis is the predominant approach of corporate strategy analysis in diversified firms. -The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Growth-Share Matrix -The General Electric (GE) Business Portfolio Matrix

17. The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Growth-Share Matrix
In 1968, BCG created the BCG "Growth- Share Matrix", a simple chart to assist the company in determining how to allocate cash among their business units. BCG matrix is a set of strategies to provide guidance on resource allocation decisions based on market share and growth.

18. The BCG Growth-Share Matrix
STARS
QUESTION MARK
DOGS
CASH COWS
High
10%
Low
Busines Growth rate (percent)
1,0
Relative Market Share

19. The BCG Growth-Share Matrix
STARS
A “STARS” is a business that is growing rapidly and has high market-share. When the growth rate of business slows, as it does in al business, the stars drop into “COW CASH” category. And also, it may slip into “DOG” category
STARS
QUESTION MARK
DOGS
CASH COWS
High
10%
Low
Busines Growth rate (percent)
1,0
Relative Market Share

20. The BCG Growth-Share Matrix
CASH COW
A “CASH COW” business has high market-share position, but it is in low- growth business.
STARS
QUESTION MARK
DOGS
CASH COWS
High
10%
Low
Busines Growth rate (percent)
1,0
Relative Market Share

21. The BCG Growth-Share Matrix
QUESTION MARK
A “QUESTION MARK” businesses are high-growth businesses, but with a low market-share. Their low share often means low profits and weak cash flows from operation.
STARS
QUESTION MARK
DOGS
CASH COWS
High
10%
Low
Busines Growth rate (percent)
1,0
Relative Market Share

22. The BCG Growth-Share Matrix
DOGS
A “DOG” business have low growth rate and low market- share. Their poor competitive position puts them in a poor profitability situation.
STARS
QUESTION MARK
DOGS
CASH COWS
High
10%
Low
Busines Growth rate (percent)
1,0
Relative Market Share

23. The Basic Postulate of the BCG Growth-Share Matrix
BCG recommends that a company’s business portfolio should be balanced, that is, there should be enough cash cow business to support the star. Furthermore, there should be an ample of number of stars because they will eventually turn into cash cow.

24. Limitations of the BCG Matrix
-The High-low classification system does not give enough attention to businesses in an intermediate position, in other words, not all business fall neatly within one cell -The two factor comparisons do not give explicit considerations to other important strategic factor, such as strategic fit across product, competitive advantage, and the like. -Growth rate and market-share factor are not always good indicator of cash flow, profitability, and business attractiveness. -The matrix is not helpful in comparing relative opportunities across business, for example, is a star always better than cash cow?

25. The GE Business Portfolio Matrix
The GE business portfolio matrix consist of nine cells with long-term product/market attractiveness on one axis and business strength /competitive position on the other axis

26. The GE Business Portfolio position
Green = invest and grow
Yellow = selective investment
Red = harvest /divest
Orange = situational investment
The GE Business Portfolio position

27. INVEST and GROW A business that fall within the boundaries of those cells that call for an invest and grow strategy is expected to grow and have considerable profit potential

28. SELECTIVE INVESTMENT A business is that qualifies for a selective investment strategy receives investments in order to maximize the returns nits exiting assets, resources, and skill

29. HARVEST or DIVEST A business that falls in this group is a loser
HARVEST or DIVEST A business that falls in this group is a loser .it should be harvested by selling idle equipment lightening up spending ,cutting cost, aggressively reducing working capital, and investing proceeds in more promising areas.

30. Situational investment The level of investment in a business that falls in this category is based on the judgment and experience of the manager who make this decision.

31. Business Strategy Analysis
OUTLINE 4:
Business Strategy Analysis

32. Business Strategy Analysis
As stated earlier ,the focus of business strategy is how the firm should compete in a particular industry or product/market segment to obtain a strategic advantage over the competition. porter has identified three generic strategy approach to obtain a competitive advantage designed to outperform competitors.

33. Generic Business Strategies

34. Overall cost leadership
A low cost position yields above average returns in the industry in spite competition. Strategy to obtain cost leadership involves construction of efficient scale facilities.

35. Differentiation
This strategy focuses on creating a product or service perceived by the customer as unique. The idea is to attract the customer and increase sales volume .differentiation can make many forms

36. Focus
This strategy involves focusing the firms attention on particular buyer group, segment of the product line, or graphic area.

38. Several authors have recommended specific business strategies for firm in specific situation
Strategies for dominant firms.
Strategies for low market share firms.
Strategies for firms in stagnant industries.
Stratgies contingent on competitive strenght and product life cycle stage.

39. Strategies for dominant firms.
A firm with dominant position in the industry is concerned mainly about maintaining or improving its position in the industry Philip Kotler suggest the following for dominant firms:
Be on the offensive
Fortify against enemy
Confrontation

40. Strategies for Low Market Share Firms
Companies with low market-share position are most concerned aboout improving their competitive position and market standing.
Segment Markets
Efficient use of R&D
Think Small
The Vacant Niche
“Our is better than their”
Distinctive image
Channel innovation

41. Strategies for Firms in Stagnant Industry
Hamermesh and Silk suggest that successful firms in stagnant industries do the following:
Identify,create, and exploit the growth segment in the industry
Emphasize
Systematically and constantly improve efficiency of production and distribution system

42. Situational Business Strategies
Dominant Positition
Be on the offensive fortify againts the enemy confrontation
Low Market value position
Segment markets efficient use of R&D
think small
fill the vacant niche
"Ours is Better than theirs"
channel Innovation
Stagnant Industry
Lowest delivered cost position
Product/ service quality differentation
Identity and exploit growth segments
Emphasize product quality and innovation
constantly improve production and distribution efficiency

43. Strategy Contingencies: Competitive strenght and product life cycle stage
Patel and Younger have developed a contingency model that proposes strategies contingent on the position of the business or product in its life cycle and the competitive position of the firm.

44. Strategy, Product Life Cycle, and Competitive position

45. OUTLINE 5:
Functional Strategy

46. Functional Strategy Analysis
Analysis of fuctional strategy focuses on the evaluation and selection of strategies in areas such as Finance, Production, R&D, marketing, personnel, industrial, and labor relations,goverment affairs, and public relations.

47. Choosing an Organization Strategy
OUTLINE 6:
Choosing an Organization Strategy

48. Choosing An Organization Strategy
There were several questions about consideration performed in selecting strategies in this functional level be it internal or external considerations consideration. The question is one of the clues to choose the right strategy for implementation. When these questions give a negative response does not mean that the company chose the wrong strategy to be implemented, there may be no strategy that can be found for each of these questions. Internal considerations reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the company, while the external considerations reflect the opportunities and threats that are likely to be obtained by the company.

49. Internal Consideration
Does the Strategy effectively utilize the financial , human, and physical resources of the company?
Is the strategy consistent with the strategic objectives?
Is the strategy consistent with the personel value of the managers and employess of the company?
Is there a direct relationship between the market expectation resulting from the strategy and the internal capabilities of the company?
Does the strategy provide sufficient flexibility to change or alter it if it proves inappropriate?
Is the company capable of the planning and development required from the strategy, for example, is the strategy consitent with managerial abilities?

50. External Consideration
Does the strategy lead to a market niche or niches now by unfilled by others?
Does the strategy improve competitive conditions for current market or product lines?
Is the minimum attainable market sufficient to produce the minimum return of investment?
Does the Strategy utilize or take advantage of existing market and product strenght?
Does the strategy include product and market outside the current sphere of product and markets so that the risk of threats is spread?
Does the strategy fit within the legal and political framework so that the success of the strategy will not raise legal or political questions?
Will the strategy be perceived by society as a responsible and ethical ones?

51. OUTLINE 7:
Closing

52. Summary
The focus of this chapter is on corporate and business strategy.
Corporate strategy is top management’s grand design for the total organization.
There are three generic business strategies: overall cost leadership,differentation, and focus.
The key to getting a strategic advantage in the market is to adapt the generic business strategies to the situations of the industry and the firm’s position.