1. Aim: How can I prepare for my exam in Child Development?
Do Now: Take out your review questions and answers.

2. 1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Designed as a pyramid with 5 sections
Read from the bottom to top beginning with physical needs, safety, love and belonging, esteem and at the top Self Actualization
In order to reach your full potential, Maslow said that you had to start with satisfying your physical needs then move up the pyramid satisfying each level of needs until you self actualized.
This is a lifelong process; self actualization is not an endpoint.

4. 2. Developmental Task
A developmental task is something that should be mastered by a certain stage in life
For example walking, potty training, talking

5. 3. Who is Robert Havighurst?
Educator and behavioral scientist
Believed achieving developmental tasks leads to happiness and success with later tasks
Said that developmental tasks of children come from 3 sources:
Physical growth – helpless to walking and reading
Social pressures – rewards and penalties. Culture plays a big influence
Inner pressures – the actual push to achieve comes from within. Children work harder to achieve tasks they like.

6. 4. What role does culture play?
Culture plays a huge role for an individual
Culture affects everyone in the same ways
Religion
Language
Tradition
Celebrations
Foods
Clothing
Greetings

7. 5. What is a developmental delay?
A developmental delay is when a child behaves like a younger child.
Example: an 18 month old child who is not walking yet
A 3 year old not yet talking

8. 6. What are the four reasons we study children?
The four reasons we study children are:
Understand yourself – what does it take to take that first step?
Be a responsible parent – meet the needs of your children
Protect children’s rights – the United Nations recognized the importance and developed UNICEF
To work with children – to know how to service them in the best way

9. 7. What is child development?
Child development is the scientific study of child from conception to adolesence

10. 8. What is included under physical needs according to Maslow?
According to Maslow physical needs include:
Food
Water
Air
Shelter
Clothing/Footwear
Medical Care

11. 9. What is developmental acceleration?
Developmental acceleration is when a child behaves like an older child.
Example: a 9 month old who is walking; a 1 year reading

12. 10. What are the needs of children?
The needs of children are:
Physical
Intellectual
Social-Emotional
Guidance/Discipline
Nurturance

13. 11. What are the stages of the Individual Life Cycle
11. What are the stages of the Individual Life Cycle? What is happening in each stage?
The individual life cycle has 6 stages:
Prenatal – 0-9months – fastest growth stage – go from single cell to complete organism
Neonatal- 2 weeks-getting used to life on the outside
Infant -2 weeks to 1st birthday – developing the foundation for thinking, motor and language skills
Toddler – mos. – testing dependence on adults, makes strides in thinking, language and motor skills
Preschool – 3 to 6 yrs – develops self concept, more self sufficient, should be playing exploring their world
School age yrs – achievement central goal, mastering reading writing and arithmetic, learning peer interaction, learning self control, learning by group instruction

14. 12. Socialization
Teaching a child how to live in a group; what is acceptable or unacceptable

15. 13. Can a child be both developmentally accelerated and delayed?
Yes a child can be both developmentally delayed and accelerated.
Because different areas of the child mature and develop differently they can be ahead in one area (speech, for example) and delayed in another (motor skills, for example.)

16. 14. What is the shortest stage of the individual life cycle?
The shortest stage is the neonatal stage.
It lasts 2 weeks starting on a child’s birthday
During this stage the child is getting used to life on the outside

17. 15. If a person has all their previous needs met but fails to self actualize, what will happen to him/her according to Maslow?
If a person has all their previous needs met and fails to self actualize they will become psychologically sick according to Maslow.

18. 16. List 5 examples of characteristics governed by heredity
The following characteristics are governed by heredity:
Eye color
Hair color and texture
Facial features
Temperament
Colorblindness
Certain genetic diseases like sickle cell or cystic fibrosis
Height
Intellegence

19. 17. What are the interrelated parts of growth and development
The interrelated parts of growth and development are
Physical
Mental and
Social/emotional

20. 18. Environment
Environment is the sum total of everything around you . It includes people, places or events.

21. 19. Heredity
Heredity is the sum of all traits passed on by blood relatives

22. 20. What is a sequenced step?
A sequenced step is a logical normal progression.
For example before you can run you had to have walked
Before you can read you had to identify letters of the alphbet

23. What is self actualization (SA)?
Self Actualization is the term coined by Maslow that indicated that an individual had, at a given point in time, reached their full potential.
Their lower needs had been met
SA is not an endpoint; it is a life long process

24. 22. Define “Teachable moment”
A teachable moment is a time at which a child is likely to be particularly disposed to learn something or particularly responsive to being taught or made aware of something

25. 23. Name 5 developmental Tasks
Walking
Talking
Potty training
Throwing a ball
Dancing
Feeding themselves
Dressing
Stacking blocks
Tying shoes
Picking up toys
Doing a puzzle
Writing their name
Coloring
Cutting out a picture
Counting
Reading

26. 24. According to Havighurst what are the sources of developmental tasks?
Havighurst said that developmental tasks of children come from 3 sources:
Physical growth – helpless to walking and reading
Social pressures – rewards and penalties. Culture plays a big influence
Inner pressures – the actual push to achieve comes from within. Children work harder to achieve tasks they like.

27. 25. According to Maslow, what are the motives that guide our behavior?
According to Maslow our behavior is driven by one of two motives:
Deficiency motives (lack of some needed object) or
Growth motives (satisfaction comes from the growth that provides the expression of this motive)

28. 26. Of all of our needs, which are the strongest according to Maslow
26. Of all of our needs, which are the strongest according to Maslow? Why?
According to Maslow, our strongest needs are our physical needs.
They are instinctual and biological; we need these for our basic survival

29. 27.) What is a child centered society?
A Child Centered Society is one that sees children as important and works for their good.

30. 28.) Define development
Development is the gradual process through which babies become adults

31. 29.) When does a child develop self concept?
A child develops self concept during the preschool stage of the individual life cycle generally between the ages of 3 and 6

32. 30. What influences growth and development more heredity or environment?
Ideally they are 50/50
Genes control how fast a babies bones develop (heredity) but proper diet is needed for a baby to grow (environment).

33. 32. What are the principles of growth and development?
1.) G&D are constant
2.) G&D are gradual and continuous
3.) G&D happen in sequenced steps
4.) G&D happen at different rates
5.) G&D have interrelated parts