1. OpenGL Texture Mapping
Holmes Chiou
2002

2. Introduction
Texture mapping allows you to glue an image of a brick wall to a polygon and to draw the entire wall as a single polygon

3. Introduction
Create a texture object and specify a texture for that object
Indicate how the texture is to be applied to each pixel
Enable texture mapping
Draw the scene, supplying both texture and geometric coordinates

4. Introduction static GLuint texName[1];
glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
glGenTextures(1, texName);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texName[0]);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, 32, 32, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, texImage32 );
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);

5. Texture Object -1 New concept in OpenGL 1.1
Operate texture as an object
Steps to use texture object
Generate texture names
Bind texture objects to texture data & parameters
Rebind the texture objects for applying

6. Texture Object -2 Naming a texture object
void glGenTextures(GLsizei n, GLuint *textureNames);
glIsTexture() determines if a texture name is actually in use

7. Texture Object -3 Bind a texture name to a texture object
void glBindTexture(GLenum target, GLuint textureName);
Cleaning up texture objects
void glDeleteTextures(GLsizei n, const GLuint *textureNames);

8. Specifying Texture
void glTexImage2D(GLenum target, GLint level, GLint internalFormat, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLint border, GLenum format, GLenum type, const GLvoid *pixels);
Ref. OpenGL Programming Guide for parameters detail
glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
Ex:
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, 32, 32, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, texImage32);

9. Mip-Mapping -1 Multi-resolution texture
Specified in the “level” parameter in glTexImage2D*

10. Mip-Mapping -2 For example:
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, 32, 32, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, mipmapImage32);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 1, GL_RGBA, 16, 16, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, mipmapImage16);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 2, GL_RGBA, 8, 8, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, mipmapImage8);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 3, GL_RGBA, 4, 4, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, mipmapImage4);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 4, GL_RGBA, 2, 2, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, mipmapImage2);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 5, GL_RGBA, 1, 1, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, mipmapImage1);

11. Mip-Mapping -3 Using GLU helper
int gluBuild2DMipmaps(GLenum target, GLint components, GLint width, GLint height, GLenum format, GLenum type, void *data);
gluBuild2DMipmaps( GL_TEXTURE_2D, 3, 32, 32, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, texImage32 );

12. Filtering -1 Magnification & Minification Using glTexParameter*()
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);

13. Filtering -2

14. Texture Function -1
void glTexEnv{if}[v](GLenum target, GLenum pname, TYPE param);
target must be GL_TEXTURE_ENV
If pname is GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, param can be GL_DECAL, GL_REPLACE, GL_MODULATE, GL_BLEND
If pname is GL_TEXTURE_ENV_COLOR, param is a color array. These values are used only if the GL_BLEND texture function has been specified

15. Texture Function -2

16. Texture Function -3

17. Assigning Texture Coordinates
void glTexCoord{1234}{sifd}(TYPEcoords); void glTexCoord{1234}{sifd}v(TYPE *coords);
glTexCoord2f( 0.5, 0.5 );
Texture Matrix Stack
glMatrixMode( GL_TEXTURE );
Not mentioned here…

18. Repeating and Clamping Texture -1
Using glTexParameter*(…);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP);
Repeating a texture

19. Repeating and Clamping Texture -2
Clamping a texture
Repeating and Clamping a texture

20. Texture Parameters

21. Automatic Texture-Coordinate Generation -1
void glTexGen{ifd}(GLenum coord, GLenum pname, TYPEparam); void glTexGen{ifd}v(GLenum coord, GLenum pname, TYPE *param);
coord can be GL_S, GL_T, GL_R, GL_Q
If pname is GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, param is either GL_OBJECT_LINEAR, GL_EYE_LINEAR, GL_SPHERE_MAP
If pname is GL_OBJECT_PLANE or GL_EYE_PLANE, param is the plane coefficients array
Ex:
plane equation is 1x + 2y + 3z = 0
GLfloat plane[4] = { 1, 2, 3, 0 };

22. Automatic Texture-Coordinate Generation -2
(a) The texture contour stripes are parallel to the plane x = 0, (GL_OBJECT_LINEAR).
As the object moves, the texture appears to be attached to it.
(b) A different planar equation (x + y + z = 0) is used, so the stripes have a different orientation.
(c) The texture coordinates are calculated relative to eye coordinates and hence aren't fixed to the object (GL_EYE_LINEAR).
As the object moves, it appears to "swim" through the texture

23. Automatic Texture-Coordinate Generation -3
Environment Mapping
To automatically generate the texture coordinates to support environment mapping, use this code in your program:
glTexGeni(GL_S, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_SPHERE_MAP);
glTexGeni(GL_T, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_SPHERE_MAP);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T);
The GL_SPHERE_MAP constant creates the proper texture coordinates for the environment mapping.

24. Automatic Texture-Coordinate Generation -4
Sphere map:
Ref. OpenGL Programming Guide, Chapter 9 for more detail…

25. Any Question? ?