1. 6.2 Foreign Affairs Trouble the Nation

2. Washington is in his first term and
meanwhile….
Trouble is brewing in Europe
and the United States just
can’t avoid it.

3. America and Europe in 1793 Britain “hated” former enemy
biggest trading partner
lots of ties with the British
the established, successful form of go’vt (one we should copy?)
we signed a treaty with them and owe them money but they are still in the U.S. up around the Great Lakes region.
France
experiencing Fr. Revolution for rule by the people
they seem to be excessive
they did help the U.S. out with money in American Revolution
we have a treaty/agreement with them. We support them like they supported us.

4. The French Revolution of 1789
A revolution for the republic.
July 14, 1789 a mob storms the Bastille prisoners.
A revolution like the American Revolution.
Inspired by the ideal of a republican rule
Most Americans support the French Revolution.
French and American alliance in the American
revolution is remembered (remember Lafeyette &
Von Stueben?)
Becomes THE foreign relations issue of the time.
Where will George Washington, Thomas Jefferson,
and Alexander Hamilton stand?

5. The Rulers of France
Louis XVI
Marie Antionette
Let them
eat cake

6. The French Revolution
Began with storming of Bastille prison July 14, 1789.
National Assembly (new legislature) created: Declaration of Rights of Man written (like the Declaration of Independence)
Based on Enlightenment principles of nationalism, citizenship, and inalienable rights.
Monarchy removed.
By 1793 the radical Jacobites have seized power in France. The reign of terror begins
Jacobites even declare war on
that other major monarchy –
Great Britain.
Soon Directory (executive branch) turns to new general to help. Napoleon.
By 1800 Napoleon is the dictator of France.

7. John Adams Part 5 Adams and Jefferson views on Fr Revolution @19:00
Americans divided on party lines
Democrat-Republicans
under Jefferson
Support France not England
Federalist such as Hamilton
support the British
Washington declares official American Neutrality
John Adams Part 5 Adams and Jefferson views on Fr

8. Young French diplomat sent to win American support
Edmund Genet
The Genet Affair
Young French diplomat sent to win American support
He doesn’t obey diplomatic procedure but instead
starts recruiting Americans in the pubs
He didn’t even check in with the President George
Washington
Washington demands he be sent home
Genet’s backers in France have fallen out of power (they
don’t want him)
Genet stays in the U.S. and becomes citizen
Federalists call Jefferson a radical because he supports
France – though Jefferson didn’t support Genet
Jefferson finally resigns cabinet position in 1793
John Adams Pt 5 31:40-36:51 Genet and Jefferson resigns

9. Foreign Troubles French Revolution Britain and France engaged in war
American neutrality declared
“Citizen Genet”
British impressment of sailors
Jay’s Treaty
differences on Britain v France John Adams Pt 5 26: :20
Washington and Adams discuss foreign policy with Br and with Fr - teeth

10. John Jay's Treaty
Relations with Britain, still smarting from the loss of her colonies, worsened in the early 1790s. From the American perspective, issues included seizure from American ships of cargoes unrelated to war, impressment of American seamen
and
continuing British occupation of western posts within U.S. borders.

11. In 1794, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court John Jay was dispatched to England to seek solutions.
The resulting agreement stirred up heated passions within the cabinet with Hamilton supporting the agreement and Jefferson opposing it. Key provisions included:
The withdrawal of British troops from posts in the American West
A commission to be established to settle outstanding border issues b/w the U.S. and Canada
A commission to resolve American losses in British ship seizures and Loyalist losses during the War for Independence.

12. George Washington as a traitor!
Missing from the treaty was a provision for the British to refrain from the arrest of American ships and impressment of American seamen.
George Washington as a traitor!
John Adams Pt 5 45: :29 Jay’s Treaty

13. Pinckney’s Treaty
U.S. wants to claim those lands west of the Appalachian Mts and gain shipping rights to the Mississippi River
Need an agreement with Spain which holds those rights in vast area of Louisiana Territory and Florida
Spain was ally to France and feared if they signed over the land the British would retaliate. Maybe the U.S. and Britain
would team up on Spain?

14. Pinckney’s Treaty
Spain meets U.S. minister to Britain – Mr. Thomas Pinckney
1795 Treaty of San Lorenzo meant Spain gave to the U.S. all lands east of the Mississippi River (except Florida) and set the 31st parallel as the southern boundary of the U.S.
Spain will open up Mississippi River traffic and
allow U.S. to use port of New Orleans

15. Domestic Disturbances
1783 Treaty of Paris never mentioned the Native Americans
The Native Americans want their tribal lands
British still in forts along the rich Ohio Valley
Americans want to move west into those rich farmlands past the Appalachian Mountains

16. Little Turtle
British still hanging out in forts along Great Lakes and Ohio Valley
Indians ally with British who encourage Indians to resist the Americans
Little Turtle’s troops are called the Miami Confederacy
They brilliantly defeat Americans at the Battle of Mississinewa
Here the Indians fight Gen. Arthur St. Clair.
In 3 hours the Miami Confederacy kill 900 American soldiers
Little Turtle will begin to practice negotiations rather than fight battles.
For this, he will lose his people’s faith

17. Battle of Fallen Timbers 1792
General Mad Anthony Wayne develops a strong fighting force.
Little Turtle accepts him
Battle of Fallen Timbers (near present day Toledo, Ohio) b/w Miami Conf. & Gen. Wayne
Gen. Wayne destroys the Indians and destroys the forest
Gen. Wayne marches past British fort to build an American outpost

19. Tecumseh (Shooting Star) of the Shawnee
Despite later attempts by Native Americans under Tecumseh of the Shawnee to halt white encroachment, the loss at Fallen Timbers and the ensuing Treaty of Greenville (1795) opened the lands of the Northwest Territory to white settlement and initiated the closing of them to Native Americans.

20. But, who will be the next president?
Meanwhile, George Washington decides to not run again. He will not be a “king.” In his farewell address he warns the U.S. to steer clear of permanent alliances with other nations.
But, who will be the next president?

21. Democratic-Repulicans
Federalist
nominate
John Adams
&
Thomas Pinckney
Democratic-Repulicans
nominate
Thomas Jefferson
&
Aaron Burr
The Election of 1796

22. Dangers of Parties and Sectionalism
Constitution said runner up becomes vice-president
Here you would have Federalist President & Democratic-Republican vice-president
All Southern electors voted for Jefferson & all Northern voters went for Adams
T. Pinckney
T. Jefferson
John Adams Pt 5 election of John Adams...54:00- 60:00 not so pretty now!

23. How did political parties affect the results of the election of 1796?

24. Meanwhile, in France French don’t like Jay’s treaty
with Britain and they start to
seize American sailors / ships
at sea
President Adams sends 3 men to France to negotiate a solution. They plan to meet Fr. Foreign minister Talleyrand
They arrive and are met by 3 low level official who Adams calls “X,Y, and Z” who demand a $250,000 bribe to meet Talleyrand
This insult becomes known as the XYZ Affair and creates a big anti-French feeling at home
1798 Congress authorizes 1st American Navy and though no official war, there are 2 years of shenanigans at sea

25. “Millions for defense but not
one penny for tribute”

26. Alien and Sedition Acts
Anti French feeling turns into anti-immigrant suspicions
Most immigrants active in Democratic
Republican Party
Federalist push Alien & Sedition Acts through Congress
Alien Act
Residence requirement now 14 years!
President can jail or deport any undesirable immigrant
Sedition Act
Jail for anyone interfering or uttering falsehoods about the gov’t
Lots of jail time for the Democratic Republicans
courtesy of the Federalist

27. Thomas Jefferson & James Madison (the Democratic-Republicans) saw
What about our 1st
Amendment rights?
Thomas Jefferson & James Madison (the
Democratic-Republicans)
saw
this as THE PROOF of federal
gov’t abusing individual rights
Of course, they go to the States!

28. The Virginia Kentucky Resolution
States have the right to null and void any act of Congress
they think is unconstitutional
Principal of Nullification
This resolution says any federal law not listed in Constitution can be declared null by the states
No other states adopted this resolution and it died out
But be warned – this issue of states vs. federal will continue

29. The first political parties developed at the time of George Washington
The first political parties developed at the time of George Washington. What was the KEY issue that caused this?
The ratification of the Constitution
declaring independence from England
freeing the slaves
creating a national bank

30. Why might a new government react to criticism more harshly than
Connection #2
Why might a new government
react to criticism more harshly than
a well-established government?

31. In order to help establish a strong economy, print paper money and serve as a deposit for national revenue, what did Hamilton want to create?
A national bank
A federal reserve
A Supreme Court
the federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

32. Why were the Federalists suspicious of new immigrants after the
Connection #3
Why were the Federalists
suspicious of
new immigrants after the
XYZ Affair?

33. Which of the following was a belief of the Federalist Party?
they favored an economy based on farming
they had faith in the common people, especially farmers and did not trust special privilege or business
they believed in the strict construction of the Constitution
they favored a strong nat’l gov’t with higher tariffs to protect American manufacturing