1. “Stumble” and “Offense”
What do “stumble” and “offense” mean in Romans 9:32-33?

2. Romans 9:32-33
32Why? Because they did not seek it by faith, but as it were, by the works of the law. For they stumbled at that stumbling stone. 33As it is written:
“Behold, I lay in Zion a stumbling stone and rock of offense,
And whoever believes on Him will not be put to shame.”

3. Introduction
This text must be studied in the context of Romans 9:10-33
There are many important subjects related to the study of this passage.

4. Topics Covered Sovereignty of God Plan of God for each individual life
Predestination
Hatred
Complaining
Purpose of God

5. Topics Covered
Stumble – Am I responsible for weaker Christians who stumble over me?
Duty – What is my duty to those who stumble?
Offense – Must I give in to every person who claims to be offended at my actions or decisions?

6. Romans 9:10
And not only this, but when Rebecca also had conceived by one man, even by our father Isaac
Isaac is the son of Abraham
Rebecca and Isaac were expecting a child
Twins were born – Jacob and Esau

7. Romans 9:11
(for the children not yet being born, nor having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works but of Him who calls),
God made a decision
Not about saved and lost
Not about who was a better moral person
Not about who was good or bad

8. Romans 9:11
(for the children not yet being born, nor having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works but of Him who calls),
God made a decision
God’s decision was according to His purpose – His plan for mankind
God chose Jacob just as He chose Abraham and Isaac
God is sovereign. He has all power.

9. Romans 9:12 it was said to her, “The older shall serve the younger.”
God knew –
There were twins – no ultrasound needed
He knew both were males
He knew the younger would rise higher
He knew the older would serve the younger

10. Romans 9:13
As it is written, “Jacob I have loved, but Esau I have hated.”
Did God “hate” Esau?
Vincent Word Studies – “This language sounds a bit harsh to us. It is possible that the word “misew” did not always carry the full force of what we mean by “hate.”
“There is no doubt about God’s preference for Jacob and rejection of Esau, but …one hesitates to read into these words here the intense hatred that has always existed between the descendants of Jacob and Esau.

11. Romans 9:13
As it is written, “Jacob I have loved, but Esau I have hated.”
Did God “hate” Esau?
Barnes Notes – This does not mean any positive hatred; but that he had preferred Jacob, and had withheld from Esau those privileges and blessings which he had conferred on the posterity of Jacob.
God showed a preference for Jacob.

12. Romans 9:14
What shall we say then? Is there unrighteousness with God? Certainly not!
Who dares accuse God of being unrighteous?
Don’t go there. Don’t even think such a thing.
God is sovereign. He has the right to make a choice.

13. Romans 9:14
What shall we say then? Is there unrighteousness with God? Certainly not!
REMEMBER: This is not eternal destiny
God could choose anyone for this work
It could have been you
God is selecting the lineage for Christ
There is nothing unrighteous about this

14. Romans 9:15
For He says to Moses, “I will have mercy on whomever I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whomever I will have compassion.”
God can choose Abraham out of all the people in the world
God can select Jacob over Esau
God can show mercy and compassion
God can refuse to extend mercy and compassion

15. Romans 9:17
For the Scripture says to the Pharaoh, “For this very purpose I have raised you up, that I may show My power in you, and that My name may be declared in all the earth.”
God can raise up a wicked king to work His plan
God can set kings in power – remove them
The issue is not – Good or bad, kind or mean
The point is – Does he fit in the plan of God for that country, that time, or for the world?

16. Romans 9:18
Therefore He has mercy on whom He wills, and whom He wills He hardens.
This verse is a repeat of the statement in verse 15.
God can harden – or soften – according to His will
God knows how we will react to a situation

17. Romans 9:18
Therefore He has mercy on whom He wills, and whom He wills He hardens.
Two people have a similar crisis in their lives
One will repent and turn to God
Another will become bitter and reject God
THE SAME SUN THAT MELTS WAX HARDENS CLAY

18. Romans 9:19
You will say to me then, “Why does He still find fault? For who has resisted His will?”
We must not find fault with God’s choice
See verse 14 – Is God unrighteous?
Neither should we resist the will of God
God will accomplish His purpose and plan
If you refuse, God will find another way
What if Abraham had refused?

19. Romans 9:20
But indeed, O man, who are you to reply against God? Will the thing formed say to him who formed it, “Why have you made me like this?”
Job did not charge God foolishly when all his trouble came
Job 1:22 - In all this Job did not sin nor charge God with wrong.
Who do we think we are to challenge, question, or charge God?

20. Romans 9:20
But indeed, O man, who are you to reply against God? Will the thing formed say to him who formed it, “Why have you made me like this?”
Does a car ask why it was made a sedan instead of an SUV?
Does a TV question why it was not a computer?
Why do we think we have any right to question the choices of God?

21. Romans 9:21
Does not the potter have power over the clay, from the same lump to make one vessel for honor and another for dishonor?
The potter takes a lump of clay
He has many choices
He can make a simple soup bowl
He can make a fancy museum display
Does the clay complain?
Does the clay have any choice?

22. Romans 9:22
What if God, wanting to show His wrath and to make His power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath prepared for destruction,
Matthew Henry – What ever God does, must be just. Wherein the holy, happy people of God differ from others, God’s grace alone makes them differ. In this preventing, effectual, distinguishing grace, He acts as a benefactor, whose grace is His own. None deserved it; so that those who are saved, must thank God only; and those who perish, must blame themselves only.

23. Romans 9:23
and that He might make known the riches of His glory on the vessels of mercy, which He had prepared beforehand for glory,
We may not understand. But God has a purpose.
He makes choices – not based on goodness, beauty, or wealth.
God makes choices based on what will advance His plan and purposes.

24. Romans 9:24
even us whom He called, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles?
God chose us.
God chose ME.
God chose Gentiles as well as Jews.
God loves all men, nations, tongues, and tribes.

25. Romans 9:25-26 The Jews were not an “exclusive” race of people.
25 As He says also in Hosea: “I will call them My people, who were not My people, And her beloved, who was not beloved.”
26 “And it shall come to pass in the place where it was said to them,‘You are not My people,’ There they shall be called sons of the living God.”
The Jews were not an “exclusive” race of people.
God always planned to include all of us.
God can call people who are not His, and make them His.

26. Romans 9:27 After all God did for Israel, most would reject Him.
Isaiah also cries out concerning Israel: “Though the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, The remnant will be saved.
After all God did for Israel, most would reject Him.
They would not accept His plan for their salvation.
Only a “remnant” would remain faithful.

27. Romans 9:28-29
28 For He will finish the work and cut it short in righteousness, Because the Lord will make a short work upon the earth.”
29And as Isaiah said before: “Unless the Lord of Sabaoth had left us a seed, We would have become like Sodom, And we would have been made like Gomorrah.”
There were several times that the blood line was down to one person.
Esther – Esther 7:4
Joash – 2 Kings 11:2
Jesus – Matthew 2:16

28. Romans 9:30-31 What is the message of all this?
30What shall we say then? That Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, have attained to righteousness, even the righteousness of faith;
31but Israel, pursuing the law of righteousness, has not attained to the law of righteousness.
What is the message of all this?
Some nations were given special protection, rights, blessings
But they did not follow God

29. Romans 9:30-31
30What shall we say then? That Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, have attained to righteousness, even the righteousness of faith;
31but Israel, pursuing the law of righteousness, has not attained to the law of righteousness.
Other nations (Gentiles) were not given any special blessings.
They chose to follow the path of obedience, righteousness and faith in God.

30. Why study all this?
The original question was about the words “stumble” and “offense” in the next verses.
All of the previous study is leading up to this point
God has a plan
Man does not always obey, follow the plan
What was intended to help becomes a roadblock

31. Romans 9:32 Why did Israel reject the Messiah?
Why? Because they did not seek it by faith, but as it were, by the works of the law. For they stumbled at that stumbling stone.
Why did Israel reject the Messiah?
He was not what they expected –
Ruler – army builder
Overthrow the Romans
They wanted physical deliverance
Jesus offered deliverance from sin

32. Romans 9:32
Why? Because they did not seek it by faith, but as it were, by the works of the law. For they stumbled at that stumbling stone.
Stumble – to strike the foot against, to trip, to strike a stone or other obstacle in the path
Jesus came to be a savior, redeemer
The Jews saw his as an obstacle to their ideas, plans, and notions
The stone that could have lifted them up – became the stone that caused them to trip.

33. Romans 9:33 God predicted they would stumble They tripped
As it is written: “Behold, I lay in Zion a stumbling stone and rock of offense, And whoever believes on Him will not be put to shame.”
God predicted they would stumble
They tripped
Not because God made them fall
He did everything to protect them from falling
Offense – The small plate in a jaw trap where the bait is placed. When an animal touches the bait, the trap closes.

34. Romans 9:33 Offense today THIS IS NOT THE MEANING OF THE WORD HERE!
As it is written: “Behold, I lay in Zion a stumbling stone and rock of offense, And whoever believes on Him will not be put to shame.”
Offense today
Means – “I don’t like it.”
Colors, styles, music, movies, hair
Used by ACLU – object to God in our lives
THIS IS NOT THE MEANING OF THE WORD HERE!

35. Romans 9:33 Offend Was Jesus the “offense” in this verse?
As it is written: “Behold, I lay in Zion a stumbling stone and rock of offense, And whoever believes on Him will not be put to shame.”
Offend
People were “offended” at Jesus – They did not believe his message.
What was intended to help them – a stepping stone – became the rock on which they stumbled.
Was Jesus the “offense” in this verse?
Yes – because the misunderstood his purpose
To us – when we fail to see the purpose of God

36. Lessons from Romans 9 Sovereignty of God God has a plan Predestination
Jacob and Esau – 10-14
Pharaoh – 17-19
Don’t blame God – 20-08
Predestination
Why did the Jews reject Jesus?

37. Discuss: Why did the Jews reject Jesus?
Is Jesus to blame for their stumbling?
Can we be a cause for others to stumble?
What is my duty if someone stumbles over me (my example)?

38. What is my duty if someone stumbles over me (my example)?
1 Corinthians 8:9 - But beware lest somehow this liberty of yours become a stumbling block to those who are weak.
Be aware of the danger
V Therefore, if food makes my brother stumble, I will never again eat meat, lest I make my brother stumble.
Romans 14:21 - It is good neither to eat meat nor drink wine nor do anything by which your brother stumbles or is offended or is made weak

39. Warning!
Today people use these verses to control what they do not like
I am offended at your tie – so you can’t ever wear that tie again. WRONG!
If I cause a soul to be lost because of my actions, I am wrong.
If others just don’t like my choices – they have a problem.