1. Republican Leadership in the 1920’s
Complete RSG 12.3
The Business of America
NO TALKING AFTER THE BELL!
Due in 10 minutes!!!

2. CA Standard
Discuss the policies of Presidents Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover.

3. Objective
Students will be able to discuss the policies of Presidents Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover by analyzing political cartoons.

4. Video Clip: Three Republican Presidents

5. List all that you see
What is this a map of?
Who were the candidates?
What do each of the numbers in the state represent?
Who won?

6. Warren G. Harding
Americans wanted to return to the “good old days” before WWI
Republican Warren G. Harding VS. Democrat James M. Cox
Harding’s campaign slogan: “return to normalcy”
Warren G. Harding wins in a landslide and becomes president

7. Key Domestic Policies Limited role of government:
Remove government regulations of businesses
Return to laissez faire policies
Limited immigration
The Emergency Quota Act
Limited immigration from Europe

8. Key Foreign Policies Isolationism Keep U.S. out of League of Nations
Washington Naval Conference
Nations agreed to disarm
Protect U.S. Businesses
Fordney–McCumber Tariff
Raised taxes on imports to 60%
Protected American businesses

9. Key Event: Scandal Plagues Harding
“The Ohio Gang”
Corrupt friends of Harding’s cabinet who used their offices to become wealthy through graft
“The Teapot Dome” Scandal
Albert Fall secretly leased government land to private oil companies. He received $400,000.

10. Legacy
Died suddenly in 1923
A good-natured President who’s administration was plagued with corruption.
“I have no trouble with my enemies…But my…friends, they’re the ones that keep me walking the floor nights!”

11. Calvin Coolidge

12. Calvin Coolidge Became President after Harding’s death
1924 won presidency –
“Keep Cool with Coolidge”

13. Key Domestic Policies Weed out the “Ohio Gang” Pro-business policies
Kept most of Harding’s cabinet except “Ohio Gang”
Pro-business policies
Keep taxes down & business profits up
Give businesses credit to expand
Laissez-faire

14. Key Event: Support of Big Business
His pro-business policies helped the nation enjoy a period of prosperity.
Between the output of industry nearly doubled
“The Roaring ’20’s”

15. Key Foreign Policies
“Coolidge arrived in the presidency without experience in foreign affairs,...he came to office with less preparation to handle matters of foreign policy than any of his presidential predecessors in the twentieth century.”
Prevent War
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Renounces war as a national policy and parties agree to peaceful means of international differences
The Dawes Plan
Loaned Germany $2.5 billion to pay back France & Britain

16. Legacy
Demands of the Presidency was so great he refused the Republican nomination in 1928
Helped restore peoples faith in their government and the Republican party.

17. Herbert Hoover
Won election of 1928 against Alfred E. Smith (Democrat)
Believed in “rugged individualism”; the idea that people should succeed through their own efforts.
“We in America are nearer the final triumph over poverty than ever before.”

18. Key Domestic Policies
Pro-business, conservative, belief in the individual, advocate of small federal government
Glass-Steagall Act (February 1932).
This measure changed Federal Reserve and gold reserve policies as a means to loosen credit.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Lent up to $2 billion to large businesses and companies.
"pump-priming" was created on the idea that by giving money to the businesses, the businesses would then give the money to their employees and would then end the Great Depression.

19. Key Foreign Policies Hawley-Smoot Tariff: (June 1930).
highest protective tariff measure in U.S. history.
"Good Neighbor" Policy
reduce American political and military interference in Latin American affairs.
In sum, he pledged that the United States would act as a "good neighbor."

20. Key Event: Stock Market Crashes
6 months after election the stock market crashed = worst depression in American History

21. Legacy
At the end of his administration, the formerly confident Hoover was a beaten man. He had been overwhelmingly defeated at the polls, unemployment continued to soar and the nation was stilled by a major bank crisis. As he waited for Franklin Roosevelt to take office, Hoover was tired, bitter and out of ideas.

22. Political Cartoon Activity

23. What is the opinion of the cartoon?
What President does it relate to?

24. What is the opinion of the cartoon?
What President does it relate

25. What is the opinion of the cartoon?
What President does it relate

26. What is the opinion of the cartoon?
What President does it relate

31. Presidential Speeches Harding, Coolidge, Hoover
: My Fellow Americans #16(Harding, Coolidge, Hoover)