1. Chapter 3 The Marketing Environment
Professor Marshall
Queens College

2. Marketing Environment
Consists of actors and forces outside the organization that affect management’s ability to build and maintain relationships with target customers.
Environment offers both opportunities and threats to the company.
Marketing intelligence and research used to collect information about the environment.

3. Marketing Environment
Includes:
Microenvironment: actors close to the company that affect its ability to serve its customers. (suppliers, marketing intermediaries, competitors)
Macroenvironment: larger societal forces that affect the microenvironment. (demographic, economic, political)
Beyond the control of the organization.

4. The Company’s Microenvironment
Company’s Internal Environment:
Areas inside a company.
Affects the marketing department’s planning strategies.
All departments must “think consumer” and work together to provide superior customer value and satisfaction.

5. The Company’s Microenvironment
Suppliers:
Provide resources needed to produce goods and services.
Important link in the “value delivery system.”
Most marketers treat suppliers like partners.

6. The Company’s Microenvironment
Customers:
Five types of markets that purchase a company’s goods and services
Markets Include:
Consumer
Business
Reseller
Government
International

7. The Company’s Microenvironment
Competitors:
Those who serve a target market with products and services that are viewed by consumers as being reasonable substitutes
Company must gain strategic advantage against these organizations

8. The Company’s Microenvironment
Publics:
Group that has an interest in or impact on an organization's ability to achieve its objectives
Publics Include:
Financial
Media
Government
Citizen-action
Local
General
Internal

9. The Macroenvironment
The company and all of the other actors operate in a larger macroenvironment of forces that shape opportunities and pose threats to the company.
Forces Include:
Demographic
Economic
Natural
Technological
Political
Cultural

10. The Company’s Macroenvironment
Demographic:
The study of human populations in terms of size, density, location, age, gender, race, occupation, and other statistics.
Marketers track changing age and family structures, geographic population shifts, educational characteristics, and population diversity.

11. The Company’s Macroenvironment
The Seven U.S. Generations:
GI Generation = born in or before 1930
Depression =
War Babies =
Baby Boomers =
Generation X =
Generation Y =
Millennials = 1996 or after

13. Changing American Family
Household makeup:
Married couples with children = 34%, and falling
Married couples and people living with other relatives = 22%
Single parents = 12%
Single persons and adult “live-togethers” = 32%

14. Geographic Shifts in Population
16% of U.S. residents move each year
General shift toward the Sunbelt states
City to suburb migration continues
More people moving to “micropolitan” areas
More people telecommute
Micropolitan area: small cities located beyond congested metropolitan areas.

15. Better Educated Population
1980:
69% of people over age 25 completed high school
17% had completed college
2002:
84% of people over age 25 completed high school
27% had completed college

16. More White-Collar Population
1950 – 1985:
Proportion of white-collar workers increased from 41% to 54%
Proportion of blue-collar workers declined from 47% to 33%
Proportion of service workers increased from 12% to 14%
1983 – 1999:
Proportion of managers and professionals increased from 23% to >30%

17. Increasing Diversity U.S. is a “salad bowl” Increased marketing to:
Various groups mixed together, each retaining its ethnic and cultural differences
Increased marketing to:
Gay and lesbian consumers
People with disabilities

18. Economic Environment
Consists of factors that affect consumer purchasing power and spending patterns.
Changes in Income
1980’s – consumption frenzy
1990’s – “squeezed consumer”
2000’s – value marketing
Income Distribution
Upper class
Middle class
Working class
Underclass

21. Natural Environment Factors Impacting the Natural Environment:
Shortages of raw materials
Increased pollution
Increased government intervention
Environmentally sustainable strategies

22. Technological Environment
Changes rapidly.
Creates new markets and opportunities.
Challenge is to make practical, affordable products.
Safety regulations result in higher research costs & longer time between conceptualization and introduction of product.

23. Political Environment
Includes Laws, Government Agencies, and Pressure Groups that Influence or Limit Various Organizations and Individuals In a Given Society.
Areas of concern:
Increasing legislation
Changing government agency enforcement
Increased emphasis on ethics and socially responsible behavior

24. Cultural Environment
The institutions and other forces that affect a society’s basic values, perceptions, preference, and behaviors.
Core beliefs and values are passed on from parents to children and are reinforced by schools, churches, business, and government.
Secondary beliefs and values are more open to change.

25. Cultural Environment
Society’s major cultural views are expressed in people’s views of:
Themselves
Others
Organizations
Society
Nature
The universe

26. Responding to the Marketing Environment
Environmental Management Perspective
Taking a proactive approach to managing the environment by taking aggressive (rather than reactive) actions to affect the publics and forces in the marketing environment.
This can be done by:
Hiring lobbyists
Running “advertorials” (ads that express an editorial point of view)
Pressing law suits
Filing complaints
Forming agreements to control channels

27. Video Case
Nike
(14 minutes)

28. Thoughts Do you own Nike sneakers?
What is your perception of Nike as a company?
Who is Nike targeting?
Mission: