1. What were some of the causes of the French Revolution?
Warm-Up Question
                       
What were some of the causes of the French Revolution?

2. The French Revolution
Standard

3. The French Revolution
Chapter 16 (pages )

4. Enlightenment Thinkers
Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke spoke of ideas like human rights.
Their strongest idea was people’s right to rebel against the_______________.

5. American Revolution
American colonists challenged their home country Great Britain.
They protested taxes!
1776 Declaration of Independence was sent to England.
France sent nobles then soldiers, sailors and weapons to help.

6. Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence was written by_________________, and was issued by Congress on July 4, 1776

7. Boston Massacre
At the Boston Massacre, _______________fired into a crowd of protestors and killed 5 people.

8. Boston Tea Party
At the Boston Tea Party, _____________ protested the Tea Act by dumping British Tea into the Boston Harbor.

9. End of the War
With French help, the Colonist defeated the British at ___________in 1781.

10. Society under the Old Regime
In France, people were divided into three estates
First Estate
High-ranking members of the Church
Privileged class
Second Estate
Nobility
Third Estate
Everyone else – from peasants in the countryside to wealthy bourgeoisie merchants in the cities
Unprivileged class

11. Journal Entry Question #1
                       
How was the French Revolution a change brought about by the Enlightenment and the American Revolution?

12. Journal Entry Question #2
                       
What is the purpose of a constitution?

13. The Causes #1 Unfair Social Divisions #2 Unequal Tax Burdens
First Estate: Clergy, or church officials
Second Estate: Aristocracy (nobles)
Third Estate: Bourgeoisie and peasants
#2 Unequal Tax Burdens
The third estate had no voice in government owned 10% of the land and paid 100% of the taxes

14. The Causes #3 Government Debts Expensive wars
Royal spending out of control
#4 Financial Crisis
Very High cost of living for the very poor

15. Louis XVI – the King at the outbreak of the French Revolution
Louis XVI loaned money and ships to the Americans in their war for independence – not because he loved democracy but because he hated England
Louis XVI was incapable of managing his country in a crisis

16. The King’s family lived in luxury
Louis XVI was a good husband and father but not a very good king
He and his family lived at Versailles and knew nothing of the suffering of the people
The King’s family spent millions on their lifestyle while peasants starved

17. The Palace of Versailles, home of the Ancien Regime and symbol of all that was wrong with France

18. The King didn’t listen Famine and disease were running rampant
The price of bread doubled and the women of Paris marched on Versailles
The Bread Riots and the Women’s March on Versailles got Louis’s attention

19. On October 4, 1789, a crowd of women and some men, marched toward Versailles, demanding to see "the Baker," "the Baker's wife," and "the Baker's boy". The King agreed to meet with some of the women and promised to distribute all the bread in Versailles to the crowd.
The National Guard arrived on the scene to take the King back to Paris. This complicated matters. Some of the crowd got into the Queen's quarters and Marie Antoinette barely escaped by way of a secret passage to the King's room. He agreed to address the people from his balcony. "My friends," he said, "I will go to Paris with my wife and my children."
This was a fatal mistake. It was the last time the King saw Versailles.

20. Calling the Estates General - May 5, 1789
                                                                                  
When the Estates General met, each estate solemnly marched into the hall at Versailles. The third estate, dressed all in black,   the nobility dressed in all their finery and finally the clergy dressed in full regalia.  The delegates of the third estate insisted that the three orders meet together and that the vote be taken by head, rather than by order. (Since there were far more delegates from the third estate, this plan would give them a majority). The King refused to grant their request. The third estate refused to budge.

21. The Tennis Court Oath
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
"The National Assembly, considering that it has been summoned to establish the constitution of the kingdom. . . decrees that all members of this assembly shall immediately take a solemn oath not to separate. . . until the constitution of the kingdom is established on firm foundations. . ."  June 20, 1789

22. Storming the Bastille
The Bastille was a prison that held many political prisoners.
The mob wanted to free the prisoners so they stormed the prison on July 14, 1789.
Blood was shed – there was no going back now.
                                                       

23. A New Revolutionary Spirit…
                       
The Marquis de Lafayette, commander of the new National Guard, combined  the colors of the King (white) and the colors of Paris (blue and red) for his guardsmen's uniforms and from this came the Tricolor, the new French flag.

24. First a marching song – then a National Anthem – Le Marseillaise
“Come children of the Motherland, the day of glory has arrived! Against us, the tyrant has raised his bloody banner, has raised his bloody banner! Don't you hear across our countryside the roar of his merciless soldiers? They are coming right into your arms to butcher your friends and family! Citizens, to arms! Let's march! March! So that our very fields shall wash with their evil blood!”
The Marseillaise

25. The Movement needed a Slogan
Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité: The French Revolution
Liberty - Freedom
Equality – No social classes
Fraternity - Brotherhood

26. Death of a King The King was beheaded January 21, 1793.
The Queen was beheaded October 16, 1793.
The young heir who would have been Louis XVII died shortly thereafter.

27. After the death of Louis XVI in 1793, the Reign of Terror began
After the death of Louis XVI in 1793, the Reign of Terror began. The first victim was Marie Antoinette. She had been imprisoned with her children after she was separated from Louis. First they took her son Louis Charles from her (often called the lost dauphin, or Louis XVII). He disappeared under suspicious circumstances. Then she led off a parade of prominent and not-so-prominent citizens to their deaths.  The guillotine, the new instrument of egalitarian justice, was put to work. Public executions were considered educational. Women were encouraged to sit and knit during trials and executions. The Revolutionary Tribunal  ordered the execution of 2,400 people in Paris by July Across France 30,000 people lost their lives.

28. The Reign of Terror
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
The Reign of Terror began with the death of the Queen
Many were put in prison for later execution.

29. Maximilien Robespierre
                                   
Robespierre was named the head of the Committee on Public Safety.
Their job was to round up and execute enemies of the Revolution – that meant anyone who disagreed with Robespierre.

30. The Directory
A new government was set in place called the Directory which did not work.
The Directory was overthrown and replaced by a Consulate, headed by Two Consuls – one of whom was Napoleon Bonaparte.
Napoleon quickly brought about a coup d’etat and became the sole ruler.

31. Napoleon Bonaparte
                                                                
Napoleon had made his name through the military. He was trained in the finest military school in Paris and went on to win many battles.

32. The Coronation of Napoleon by Jacques Louis David – notice that he has already crowned himself and now is crowning his wife, Josephine. The Pope has to sit and watch; symbolic of the kind of ruler Napoleon was to be.

33. The French Revolution ended in 1799 when Napoleon entered Paris and became First Consul at the age of 30. A brilliant politician and a military genius, he took the title of Emperor Napoleon I in 1804.
                            

34. Napoleon’s Accomplishments
Created a new legal system, the Napoleonic Code.
Set up schools
Ended the estate social class system
Created a bureaucracy based on merit not on birth.
Reduced the power of the Catholic Church
Required all citizens to pay taxes

35. Napoleon’s Downfall
When Napoleon attempted to invade Russia in 1812 he failed BADLY!
After that Napoleon was captured and exiled to the island of Elba.
He escaped and Napoleon returned to Paris.
At a battle called Waterloo, Napoleon was finally defeated and sent to the Island of St. Helena were he died in 1821.

36. The Congress of Vienna
In 1814 European leaders met in Austria before the French Revolution.
to return Europe to the way it was Their goal was to bring a balance of power that would prevent any single nation from controlling Europe.
European leaders were against individual rights and nationalism and brought back power to the royal families.