1. Developing Knowledge Development Presentations
Your Speaking and Teaching Style

2. Overview Microteaching Prescriptive Teaching
Teaching Presentations and the PADI System
The Anatomy of a Knowledge Development Presentation
Evaluation Criteria
Preparing Presentations – Group and Individual Exercise

3. Microteaching
What is microteaching and how does it apply to the instructor training process?
Microteaching is a training technique used to develop teaching skills in a complete, yet compact way
While learning, you’ll present only small portions of Knowledge Development Sessions
Treat each microteaching presentation as though it is an entire lesson with all components – introduction, body & summary
After you've developed skills, you’ll easily transition to teaching an entire lesson

4. Microteaching
How does microteaching compare with teaching an entire lesson?
Entire lessons are made up of several topics
You unify topics under one introduction and summary, and transition between topics by highlighting relationships
Example of microteaching segments — Open Water Diver Course, Knowledge Development Session One:
Buoyancy
Comfortable Descents
Comfortable Ascents
Breathing Underwater

5. Prescriptive Teaching
What is prescriptive teaching?
Prescriptive teaching is a focused educational training method that allows you to diagnose what information student divers need, and then present only that information
By discovering and acknowledging what divers have learned on their own, you can address areas that need to be retaught, refreshed or reviewed

6. Prescriptive Teaching
What is prescriptive teaching?
PADI instructional media allows independent study and employs events of instruction
Divers arrive with most of the material already mastered
Courses with media support lend themselves to prescriptive teaching

7. Prescriptive Teaching
What is prescriptive teaching?
You begin by determining if divers have knowledge gaps or lack understanding
Go over Knowledge Reviews, encourage questions, administer quizzes and watch student divers apply the information
Depending on what divers have already mastered, you provide only necessary information to complete understanding – consider distinct needs and interests
Add specifics about the local environment and diving techniques, and reinforce critical information

8. Prescriptive Teaching Steps

9. Prescriptive Teaching Steps

10. Prescriptive Teaching Steps

11. Prescriptive Teaching Steps

12. Prescriptive Teaching Steps

13. Prescriptive Teaching
What are five advantages of prescriptive teaching?
1. Customer satisfaction
Customers quickly see that training is centered on what’s best for them
This increases satisfaction and adds value
2. Time savings
Shifts learning time to independent study, which means convenience
Classroom may be used more efficiently and effectively

14. Prescriptive Teaching
Five advantages . . .
3. Customization
Focus on fitting information to individual needs, such as equipment selection
4. Instant gratification
Addresses customer’s desire for more dive time (less classroom time)
Beginning divers get in the water as soon as possible
5. More effective learning
Most people "tune out" long presentations and miss important material

15. Prescriptive Teaching
How do prescriptive teaching and microteaching interrelate?
Microteaching is a technique you use only during PADI Instructor Development
Prescriptive teaching is a technique you'll use frequently – perhaps most of the time
During your training, to save time as you learn, you’ll practice microteaching some prescriptive teaching presentations

16. Teaching Presentations and the PADI System
What seven factors do you need to consider when developing an effective teaching presentation and how does the PADI System help you prepare teaching presentations?
Seven critical factors relate to the events of instruction
PADI System addresses all factors and provides the key information you need

17. Teaching Presentations and the PADI System
Seven factors to consider . . .
1. Identify the major topic areas – found in manuals, outlines and lesson guides
2. Limit the scope of topic and presentation – scope and complexity established by learning objectives and diver material
3. Inform student divers of the learning objectives – focuses learning and establishes what the diver must do

18. Teaching Presentations and the PADI System
Seven factors to consider . . .
4. Arrange material in a logical sequence – established by instructional design
5. Use an introduction that creates a readiness to learn – the gain attention step
6. Use a summary that reinforces learning – ties presentation together and reminds divers what they've learned
7. Prepare a valid assessment of learning – accomplished through Knowledge Reviews, quizzes and exams and evaluating diver performance

19. Teaching Presentations and the PADI System
How do presentations differ depending on the instructional media available?
How repetition, practice and assessment are managed differs depending on available media
Programs with a manual, video and/or multimedia allow divers to learn independently
Programs further supported by quizzes and exams, instructor outline and lesson guides, make it easy to provide prescriptive teaching

20. Teaching Presentations and the PADI System
Differences depending on media . . .
Programs that have little instructional media, only outlines, require more indepth teaching presentations
Prescriptive teaching presentations are appropriate for courses with support media
Knowledge development presentations that cover an entire lesson are primarily for courses with little or no support media

21. Anatomy of a Knowledge Development Presentation
What are the three components of an effective Knowledge Development presentation?
1. Introduction – tell them what you’re going to tell them
2. Body – tell them
3. Summary – tell them what you told them

22. Anatomy of a Knowledge Development Presentation
What are four parts of an introduction?
1. Contact – gains attention in an interesting, positive way
Most effective when it relates to the material to follow – provides value
Relate to an experience divers may have had
Draw some analogy between the subject and the diver’s common experience
Ask an unusual or stimulating question and solicit responses
Relate an interesting and relevant anecdote
Involve creative or interesting visual aid

23. Anatomy of a Knowledge Development Presentation
Four parts of introduction . . .
2. Value — Most critical part because it provides motivation to learn
Create a need to know — why this information makes diving safer, easier, exciting, comfortable or more fun
Provide an immediate reason to learn
State in a positive, but realistic context
Emphasize how to prevent, avoid or handle specific diving situations

24. Anatomy of a Knowledge Development Presentation
Four parts of introduction . . .
3. Key points — brief road map of where the presentation is going
Overviewing the key points helps listeners focus on the material
Find key points on introductory slides or in outlines — look for main points
4. Conduct — what to do and how to interact during the lesson

25. Example Introduction

26. Anatomy of a Knowledge Development Presentation
What are five elements to include in the body?
Body is your delivery and elaboration of the presentation outline
Easiest part to develop because most of it is in the outline
It's your job to relate this material in a way that is meaningful to divers — add personalized style of delivery, local examples, relate it to personal needs and interests to foster learning

27. Anatomy of a Knowledge Development Presentation
Five elements of the body . . .
1. Learning objectives — descriptions of new capabilities divers will have
State in measurable terms
Objectives may be worded as questions
During most presentations, you’ll state objective and then supply information to fulfill that objective
Integrate objectives into the body as you go or review objectives in the introduction

28. Anatomy of a Knowledge Development Presentation
Five elements of the body . . .
2. Scope — limit to the material prescribed by the learning objectives
3. Adaptation to specific needs — tie to unique interests of student divers
Follow general statements with specific examples of local environment
Explain content in terms of how it will actually be applied as a diver
Relate material to specific aspects of confined water or open water dives
Use analogies to tie new, unfamiliar information to what divers know

29. Anatomy of a Knowledge Development Presentation
Five elements of the body . . .
4. Sequence — a logical order
5. Relationship of material — mental context needed to retain and apply information
Give examples of how the material relates to other experiences in the course
Relate the material to continuing diver education and its benefits
Relate the information to dive equipment and the benefits of owning it

30. Example Body

31. Anatomy of a Knowledge Development Presentation
What are five points to include in the summary and what does each do?
1. Restate the key points — reminds divers of main points
2. Restate the learning objectives — reminds divers what they learned
State objectives as questions and ask divers for answers
Restate objectives in the present tense

32. Anatomy of a Knowledge Development Presentation
Five points in summary . . .
3. Restate the value by describing how and when divers will apply the information
Integrate this with the key points
Reemphasizing value creates incentive to retain and apply information
4. Promote continuing education — a quick reminder and final thought
5. Promote equipment ownership — a brief reminder
Allow divers to ask questions

33. Example Summary

34. Anatomy of a Knowledge Development Presentation
What is a training aid and how does a training aid differ from a prop?
Training aids help make abstract concepts meaningful
Training aids are devices or images that demonstrate principles, identify specific aspects of information or guide learning
Props are things you just show

35. Evaluation Criteria
What are the criteria for success on the teaching presentations you'll give during a PADI Instructor Development program?
Introduction — Contact/Value
Content (Body) — Learning Objectives and Scope of Material
Content (Body) — Sequence and Relationship of Material
Summary
Overall Handling — Training Aids
Overall Handling — Voice, Gestures, Mannerisms

36. Preparing Presentations — Group and Individual Exercises
How do you use the Lesson Plan Form to prepare a Knowledge Development presentation?
Using a Lesson Plan Form (or similar) helps avoid omitting important information
Transfer information to appropriate spaces
Be certain you can read your handwriting
Print clearly
Do not use full sentences
Use numerous sheets, if necessary
Prepare any graphics or board notes before the presentation

37. Preparing Presentations
What four steps can you follow in preparing for a Knowledge Development presentation?
1. Read the appropriate topic from presentation outline, and identify learning objectives and topic scope
2. Complete Lesson Plan Form
3. Review Lesson Plan Form against the evaluation criteria
4. Practice the lesson

38. Preparing Presentations
Working in a group with the staff, prepare a microteaching Knowledge Development presentation
Using the Knowledge Development Evaluation Form, determine the score of the group-developed presentation
Prepare a microteaching Knowledge Development presentation

39. We’ve looked at . . . Microteaching Prescriptive Teaching
Teaching Presentations and the PADI System
The Anatomy of a Knowledge Development Presentation
Evaluation Criteria
Preparing Presentations – Group and Individual Exercise