1. Aerodrome Certification Workshop Trinidad 13 – 16 May, Canada’s Approach to Aerodrome Certification
Peggy Wilson, Chief Aerodrome Standards
Transport Canada, Ottawa, Canada

2. Today’s Discussion Regulatory Authority Organization
Staff ; Qualifications; and Training
Certified Airports and Canada’s Regulations
Aerodrome Certification Procedures
Airport Operations Manuals
Inspections, Audits and Checklists
Safety Management Systems
Exemptions and Risk Assessments

3. Regulatory Authority Organization
Headquarters in Ottawa
Minister of Transport - Deputy Minister - Assistant Deputy Minister
Director General Civil Aviation
Director Aerodrome Safety
Chiefs of
Aerodrome Standards
Programs and Audits
Wildlife
Engineering
Noise and Environment
Inspectors and Engineers
                     
                          
                                                   
                                                   
                                  
                          
                                           
                                           
                                                                          
To develop and administer policies, regulations and programs for a safe, efficient and environmentally responsible transportation system

4. Regulatory Authority Organization (cont’d)
Headquarters
Has Functional Authority over the Regions - not Line Authority
Sets Policy
Develops Regulations; Provides Regulatory Interpretation
Researches new technology
Responsible for Inspection Program
Conducts National Audits
ICAO Responsibilities
CARAC Responsibilities
Regions – Inspectors, no Engineers
Five Regions spread out across the country
Carries out Inspection Program
Identifies Interpretation Difficulties

5. Staff and Qualifications
Delegations of Authority to Inspect
Civil Aviation Inspectors
Airline Transport Pilot License
Project, Management or Other Airport Experience
Technical Inspectors
Specific Airport Experience or Specialty
Airport Management
Airport Fire Chief
Human & Organizational Factors, Safety Management Systems
Specialists that Support the Inspection Program
Engineers
Wildlife Specialist
Noise and Zoning Specialist

6. Requisite Employee Training
Phase I
Develop core, business & job specific Competencies
Phase II
To enhance and fully master Competencies
Phase III
For ongoing maintenance of all Competencies
Phase IV
Necessary for Career Development

7. Training Programs Basic Aviation Enforcement Communications Skills
Introduction to Risk Management
Transport Canada Orientation
Aerodrome Specialty Course
Formal “On The Job” Training Program
Initial Audit Procedures
Project Management Course
Human and Organizational Factors Training
Flight Training – Currency for those with ATPL
First Three Mandatory for Basic Delegation
Next Four Mandatory for Full Delegation
Final Three for Project Management Assignments, SMS, and Special training for pilots.

8. Canada’s Certified Airports
Land Airports
Included International and “Far North”
Heliports
Includes Hospital and Rooftop
Water Airports
Ice Airports (Better known in the summer as “water”)
TOTAL 652

9. Aerodrome Regulations Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) Part III
Regulations, Standards & Advisory Material
Standards (TP312) mirror Annex 14 with additions
Wildlife; Winter Maintenance; Construction; Airside Access and Vehicle Control
Separate Regulations for Fire Fighting
Meets or Exceeds Annex 14 requirements
Airport Security is regulated by different Directorate

10. Present Canadian Regulations
Airports Eligible for Certification
Receive scheduled passenger carrying aircraft
Are in a built-up area; or
In the Public Interest
Incorporates “Standards” by reference

11. Future Canadian Regulations
New Applicability of Airport Certification Regulations
International Airports
Receiving Commercial Passenger-Carrying Aircraft 10 seats and over
In a Built-up Area
In the Public Interest
Those that Choose to be Certified

12. International Airports
These Airports must meet
ICAO Annex 14
Plus additional Canadian Regulatory requirements
ICAO Annex 9 requirements for Customs and Immigration
CARs Part 303 for Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting
These airports will be listed in a Schedule to the Regulation and submitted to ICAO for inclusion as an International Airport

13. Commercial Passenger-Carrying
These Airports must meet standards
Appropriate to the size of aircraft it serves or larger
Safety Management System
Based on the number of annual movements
Applicable to the regulated level of fire-fighting at the site

14. Other Certified Airports
Built-Up; Public Interest; and Operator Choice
Must meet standards appropriate to the
Location
Situation
Traffic needs
Safety Management System

15. Built-Up & Public Interest
Neither term has any fixed meaning in Canadian law
For Built-Up
we use a matrix
For Public Interest
The simple private interests of the aerodrome are not, in themselves, sufficient to meet this test
All potentially affected stakeholders input must be addressed
Must include all economic and environmental impacts
Transport Canada review and concurrence required

16. Heliports and Water Airports
Canada has separate Regulations and Standards for the Certification of
Heliports; and
Water Airports
These primarily relate to “Built-Up and “Public Interest” situations
Copies are provided on the CD

17. Certification Procedures
Airport Certificate issued where:
Airport Operations Manual accurately describes the physical specifications of the aerodrome;
Airport Operations Manual is approved where the physical specifications outlined in the AOM conforms to the requirements in the Standards (TP312);
Inspection on-site to determine that the Airport actually meets the standards; or
Exemption considerations, based on an Aeronautical Study

18. Airport Operations Manuals
The Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) Part III specify that the AOM
Accurately describes the physical specifications of the aerodrome;
The physical specifications must conforms to the requirements in the Standards (TP312) (Annex 14);
Contain the required approved “Plans”;
Contain signed Agreements & MOUs

19. Airport Operations Manuals (cont’d)
An electronic version of the new Draft “Suggested Format for an AOM” is provided
Consists of Four Parts
Part I - Administrative Information
Part II - Airport Specifications
Part III - Airside Services
Part IV - Airside Operational Plans and Procedures

20. Operational Plans Performance Based Examples:
Emergency Response Planning
Wildlife Management and Control Planning
Winter Maintenance and Planning
Airside Access and Vehicle Control Planning

21. Safety Management Systems
References:
ICAO
Annex 14; and
Manual on Certification of Aerodromes
Introduction to Safety Management Systems
Safety Management Systems for Flight Operations & Aircraft Maintenance Organizations

22. International Civil Aviation Authority (ICAO)
Annex 14
“1.3 Certification of Aerodromes
1.3.6 As of 20 November 2005, a certified aerodrome shall have in operation a safety management system.”
Manual on Certification of Aerodromes
Essential features of an aerodrome safety management system
In Part 5 of the Manual on Certification of Aerodromes, ICAO describes the requirements of a safety management system
Safety policy
Structure or organization of the SMS (roles and responsibilities)
SMS implementation (process, systems)
Measures for safety promotion and accident prevention and a system of risk control
The internal safety audit and review system
Documentation system
Training and competency

23. What is a Safety Management System?
Most Definitions highlight the following:
A business approach to safety
A systematic, explicit and comprehensive process for managing risks
Provides for goal setting, planning and measuring performance
Concerns with organizational safety rather than the conventional health and safety at work concerns
Woven into the fabric of an organization
Part of the Culture
Benefits of a SMS
Provides for a more holistic approach to safety oversight;
Enables identification of the most effective and efficient ways of managing risks within the context of its own business;
Provides a framework for the systematic management of risk.

24. Key Features of SMS Senior Management Commitment Safety Policy
Safety Information
Establishing Safety as a Core Value
Hazard Identification and Risk Management
Senior Management Commitment:
Management commitment plays a major role in determining the company's safety culture.
Example: Management should attend presentations on SMS (CASS ).
Safety Policy:
A safety policy allocates responsibilities and holds people accountable for meeting safety performance goals.
Should be communicated to all employees.
Example: The airport operator could develop an organizational chart that shows both the chain of safety responsibilities and the linkages to ensure that responsibilities are understood.
Safety Information:
Managers and staff should be able to access and use safety information relating to the organization's own performance.
Examples: Database, record keeping.
Establishing Safety as a core Value:
Safety involves everyone.
The best way to establish safety as a core value is to make safety an integral part of the management plan.
Examples: Airport employees should be consulted in setting annual safety targets and identifying safety initiatives.
Hazard Identification and Risk Management:
Hazard identification and risk management will provide the information needed to control risk at acceptable levels.
Hazard identification and risk management should be undertaken, at a minimum:
During implementation of the safety management system and then at regular intervals;
When major operational changes are planned;
If the organization is undergoing rapid change;
When key personnel change.
Examples: Mechanisms for employees to identify safety issues and concerns on an on-going basis.

25. Key Features of SMS (cont’d)
Establishing a Safety Reporting System
Safety Audit/Assessment
Accident & Incident Reporting and Investigation
Safety Orientation and Recurrent Training
Emergency Response Plan
Documentation
Establishing a Safety Reporting System:
Employees must have a way to report hazards and safety concerns.
The report should be acknowledge and analyzed.
Example: The airport operator should ensure that employees have a means of reporting occurrences, hazards and other safety related issues.
Safety Audit/Assessment:
These assessments will ensure that correct procedures are being followed and resolve any problems or misunderstandings.
Example: The airport operator should identify qualified employees who are impartial and objective to perform evaluations of the SMS.
Accident and Incident Reporting and Investigation:
Every accident and incident is an opportunity to learn valuable safety lessons.
Every accident and incident should be reported and investigated.
Example: The airport operator should develop procedures for reporting and documenting findings, conclusions and recommendations, and for ensuring implementation of recommendations and corrective actions.
Safety Orientation and Recurrent Training:
New employees should be trained in how safety is managed and encouraged to adopt the safety philosophy, policy, procedures, and practices of the company.
The commitment to provide both relevant orientation training and ongoing refresher/recurrent training for all staff is an essential element of any safety plan.
Example: The airport operator should develop procedures to ensure that employees have received the necessary training and certification and that qualifications are kept current.
Documentation:
The safety management system should be formally documented in appropriate manuals, directives and/or instructions.
Example: The airport operator should consolidate descriptions of each elements of the system if the airport employees and the regulators are to understand how the whole system is integrated.
Philosophy
Policy
Procedures
Practices

26. Canada’s Objectives for SMS
More proactive safety management by aviation professionals
Consultative approach to promote and establish a pervasive safety culture
Take account of human and organizational factors
Non-prescriptive, performance-based approach to safety regulation

27. SMS Initiatives in Canada
Safety Management Systems Briefing Campaign
Introductory booklet on Safety Management Systems
Canadian Aviation Safety Seminar (CASS)
Regulations and Standards for Flight Operations and Aircraft Maintenance Organizations
Guidance Booklet “ A Guide to Implementation”
Aerodrome Safety drafting Regulations and Standards for Airports
The goals of this briefing campaign are to:
Provide participants with an overview of SMS concepts and principles;
Brief participants on current or proposed SMS requirements; and
Solicit industry feedback and input on SMS related issues.
The material in this booklet is used to introduce safety management systems principles and concepts.
CASS is an international event featuring high-profile guest speakers. This year’s (2002) CASS was entitled Implementing Safety Management Systems and Making the Most of Lessons Learned. CASS 2002 brought together the aviation community’s different disciplines, specialties, and perspectives to share experiences on implementing SMS and making the most of lessons learned.

28. Evaluation of an Airport SMS
Guidance for self evaluation as well as for Inspection evaluation
What processes are in place enabling staff to raise safety concerns with senior management.
Is there a formal safety policy statement?
Current Practices
Yes / No
Areas for Consideration
A checklist will be developed and it will be used to monitor or evaluate airport safety management systems. This checklist will be made available to the airport operator as guidance material.

29. “The On-Site Inspection”
Inspections are conducted to ensure
Initial
AOM reflects what’s on-site
Site meets the Standards
Plans meet the requirements of the site
Annual
Ongoing compliance
Follow-up
Deficiencies corrected
Other
i.e. During construction

30. Inspection Checklists
Based on a National Database of Airport Information
Regions input all physical characteristics concerning the airports in their Region
Develop a site specific checklist for each Inspection based on
Areas that may have problems
Selected elements such as runways or taxiways
A sampling of all elements
The produced checklist identifies the standards to be met for the individual site

31. Exemptions from Standards
Aeronautics Act
5.9 (2) Exemption by Minister (of Transport)
The Minister may, on such terms and conditions as the Minister deems necessary, exempt any person, aircraft, aerodrome, facility or service from the application of any regulation or order made under this Part if in the opinion of the Minister the exemption is in the public interest and is not likely to affect aviation safety.

32. Exemptions May be Granted
Pursuant to a Regulation with Criteria
provided within the particular regulation
“unless authorized by the Minister”
specific criteria on which it is based
Executive Decision Pursuant to 5.9(2)
only in unforeseen circumstances
which are unlikely to recur; or
the regulation is being amended
5.9(2) states that it must
be in the Public Interest; and
not affect Aviation Safety

33. Exemptions from Regulations
Formal Exemption Process for all of Civil Aviation
Civil Aviation Directive No. 1
Places responsibilities on
Airport Operator (or applicant); and
Transport Canada Official with Delegation of Authority
Delegation Authorities relating to Aerodrome Safety and Exemptions

34. Exemption Process (Civil Aviation Directive No. 1)
Applicant Responsibilities
Make compelling case why it should be granted
Provide supporting arguments for
How it’s in the Public Interest
How it would not affect aviation safety
Propose conditions that could mitigate risk

35. Exemption Process (Civil Aviation Directive No. 1)
Transport Canada Responsibilities
Delegated officials who have Ministerial Delegation must exercise their delegated authority carefully and ensure that
the need is justified
all safety implications are fully considered
all applications are treated consistently
national standardization for granting or denying is met by following Civil Aviation Directive No. 1

36. Aeronautical Study (Risk Assessments)
In-depth analysis (Risk Assessment) designed to
Identify the risks with respect to proposed changes
Identify measures to eliminate or reduce those risks
Determine the most appropriate Risk Assessment tool
Risk Management & Decision Making in Civil Aviation
Short Risk Management Process
Full Risk Management Process
In-depth Risk Management Process

37. Thank You Peggy Wilson Chief, Aerodrome Standards
Aerodrome Safety, Transport Canada
Ottawa Canada (613)