1. Coaching: The Art and Science
“Don't judge each day by the harvest you reap but by the seeds that you plant.” Robert Louis Stevenson

2. KINE 2475 3.0 Long Term Athlete Development LTAD

3. Key Factors Influencing LTAD Principles Research Based
10 Year Rule
FUNdamentals
Specialization
Developmental Age
Trainability
Physical, Mental, Cognitive and Emotional Development
Periodization
Calendar Planning for Competition
System Alignment and Integration
Continuous Improvement

4. 1. 10 Year Rule
Minimum 10 years and 10,000 hours of training to reach elite levels
3 hours training/competition daily for 10 years
U.S. Olympian Initial Sport Participation
Males age Females age 11.5
12 to 13 years talent development before making Olympic team
Olympic medallists 1.3 to 3.6 years younger going through first 5 stages of development than non medallists – basic motor skill development superior
CAUTION regarding early specialization

5. 2. FUNdamentals
FUNdamental movements and skills should be introduced through fun and games
FUNdamental overall sports skills should be developed prior to specific sports skills
Physical literacy refers to competency in FUNdamental movement and sports skills
Physical literacy should be developed prior to onset of growth spurt

6. Fundamental Skills Different Environments - earth, water, air, ice
Travelling Skills
- Boosting
Climbing
Gliding
Hopping
Jumping
Running
Skating
Sliding
Swimming
Wheeling
Object Control Skills
1. Sending
kick, strike, throw
2. Receiving
catch, stop, trap
3. Traveling with
dribbling – hands, feet, stick
4. Receiving and Sending
, bat, stick, volley
Balance
Body rolling
Eggbeater
Falling
Floating
Landing
Ready position
Spinning
Stopping
Swinging
Turning

7. LTAD
- fantasy football
– should baby go pro
- basic motor skills
- physical literacy

8. FUNdamental Skills
Basic movements of 3 activities provide base for all other sports
Athletics
run, jump, throw
Gymnastics: ABC’s of athleticism
Agility, balance, co-ordination, speed
Swimming
Foundation for all water sports
Without basic movement skills, child will have difficulty in any sport
- fundamental skills

9. 3. Specialization Classifications: Early or late specialization sports
Early: most artistic/acrobatic sports (females)
Complex skills learned before maturation, difficulty mastering after maturation
Physical literacy acquired prior to maturation, can select late specialization sports and have potential for international success
Specialize before age 10
One sided sport specific preparation
Lack of ABC’s – physical literacy
Overuse injuries, early burnout, early retirement

10. 4. Developmental Age Glossary – pg. 58 reference manual
Degree of physical, mental, cognitive and emotional maturity
Chronological age
Number of years and days elapsed since birth
Identification of early, average and late maturers critical in relation to optimal trainablity and competition design

11. Peak Height Velocity (PHV)
Beginning of growth spurt and peak of growth spurt (PHV) significant in LTAD applications of training and competition designs
Between 10 and 16 individuals of the same age can be 4-5 years apart developmentally

12. 5. Trainability Adaptation Trainability
Functional and/or physical changes in the body resulting from a training stimulus
Degree of adaptation a function of genetic endowment
General trends identified by exercise physiology research
Trainability
Responsiveness of developing individuals to training stimulus at different stages of growth and maturation

13. Variation in Trainability
Critical Period of Development
Point in development of specific capacity when training has optimal effect

14. Basic S’s of Training and Performance
Capacity
Optimal Trainability Window
Stamina
(Endurance)
at onset of PHV
– aerobic capacity before PHV
- aerobic power after growth rate decelerates
Strength
girls immediately after PHV
boys months after PHV
Speed
Boys – between 7-9 and 13 and 16
Girls – between 6-8 and 11 and 13
Skill
Boys – between 9 and 12
Girls – between 8 and 11
Suppleness
(Flexibility)
Both sexes between 6 and 10
Special attention to flexibility during PHV

15. Optimal Windows of Trainability
All systems are always trainable!

16. 6. Physical, Mental, Cognitive and Emotional Development
LTAD incorporates holistic approach
Emphasis on ethics, fair play and character development
Reflective of Canadian values
Programming designed considering athlete’s cognitive ability to address these concepts

17. 7. Periodization Time management
Assigning complex training processes into logical and scientifically based schedule to bring about optimal improvements in performance
Connects stage (phase) athlete is in to requirements of that stage
Essential in optimal sports programming and athlete development in conjunction with sound methodology and ongoing monitoring and evaluation

18. Horizontal and vertical integration of training and performance through periodization

19. Periodization Timelines
Phases
Preparatory
General
Specific
Competitive
Precompetitive
Peak competitive
Transition
Cycles
Macro
8-16 weeks
Meso
4 weeks
Micro
1 week

20. 8. Calendar Planning for Competition
Current system of competition based on tradition
Competition should be planned to enhance optimal training and performance
Appropriate level of competition critical to development at all stages

21. Training to Competition Ratios
Stage
Active start
FUNdamentals
Learning to Train
Training to Train
Training to Compete
Training to Win
Active for Life
Recommended Ratio
No specific ratio
All activity FUN based
70% training – 30-% competition
60% training – 40% competition
40% training – 60% competition
25% training – 75% competition
Based on individual desire

22. 9. System Alignment and Integration

24. 10. Continuous Improvement
Ongoing education
Scientific and sport specific innovations and observations
Continuous research in all aspects
Athlete centered, coach driven
Supported by administration, sport science and sponsors

25. LTAD Summary Philosophy - athlete centered
Establishes pathway - playground to podium and on to being active for life
Provides guidelines in planning optimal performance for all stages of athlete development
Provides aligned and integrated model for delivering results