1. Chapter 8: Jeffersonianism and the Era of Good Feelings

2. Section 1 Focus Question:
How did Jefferson’s philosophy shape policy towards public spending, the judiciary, and Louisiana?
Big Picture:
Cut down spending
FED controls Judiciary
LA Purchase

3. The Revolution of 1800? Jefferson called his election a revolution
What is a revolution?

4. The Revolution of 1800?
How were Jefferson’s views different from John Adams (his predecessor)?

5. The Election of 1800 Election of 1800 was viciously contested
Federalist threatened a civil war if Jefferson was elected
Republicans accused John Adams of wanting to create a monarchy
However both Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr received 73 electoral votes

6. The Election of 1800 Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic-Republican73
52.9%
Aaron Burr
New York
John Adams
Massachusetts
Federalist 65
47.1%
Charles Pinckney
South Carolina 64
46.4%
John Jay 1
0.7%
Total Number of Electors
138
Total Electoral Votes Cast
276
Number of Votes for a Majority 70

7. 1800 Election Results
Adams
Jefferson

8. 1800 Election Results (Into the House of Representatives!!)
 1 vote for each State 
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia
Democratic-Republican 10
62.5%
Aaron Burr
New York 4
25.0%
Blank 2
12.5%

9. The Election of 1800 Therefore it was a tie for the President
It was up to the House of representatives to decide and after 6 days of deadlock, Jefferson won
T o avoid this in the future, the 12th Amendment was added to the Constitution
Made electors vote separately for President and Vice President

10. Jefferson’s Inauguration
How did Jefferson make his election less aristocratic?

11. “Let us, then, fellow-citizens, unite with one heart and one mind…every difference in opinion is not a difference in principle…We are all Republicans; we are all Federalists.”
What does Jefferson’s address suggest about what happened during the election campaigns?
What do you think Jefferson means by the phrase, “We are all republicans, we are all federalists…?”

12. The Revolution of 1800: Spending
My Notes
Your Notes

13. The Revolution of 1800: Structure
My Notes
Your Notes

14. The Revolution of 1800: Judiciary
My Notes
Your Notes

15. Revolution of 1800: Land
My Notes
Your Notes

16. John Marshall Federalist Judge chosen by
Marbury v. Madison
John Marshall Federalist Judge chosen by
John Adams
Chief Justice
Plaintiff
Defendant
William Marbury
Federalist “midnight judge” appointed by Adams prior to leaving office. TJ ordered Madison to dismiss him, Marbury sued Madison claiming Judiciary Act of 1789.
James Madison
Secretary of State under TJ. Dismissed Marbury because Adams was trying to keep Federalist hold on the Supreme Court to rule against TJ.
The Supreme Court’s Decision ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Importance of that Ruling
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

17. Ruling The Supreme Court’s Decision
Judiciary Act of 1789 (SC reviews federal cases) unconstitutional. The act was from Congress and it is the Constitution who gives the SC direction. Marbury kept his apmt.
Importance of that Ruling
Established Judicial Review which allowed the SC to review any laws that Congress makes to ensure they are constitutional.

18. The Beginnings of the LA Purchase: The Pinckney Treaty
By 1800 more than one million settlers lived between the Appalachian Mountains and Mississippi
Most settler were farmers and relied on Mississippi to ship their crops to the port at New Orleans

20. The Pinckney Treaty In 1795 U.S. negotiated the Pinckney Treaty
Guaranteed Americans’ rights to ship goods down the Mississippi and store goods in New Orleans

21. A Secret Deal
In 1801, Spain secretly gave New Orleans and the Louisiana Territory to France
Jefferson worried about how Napoleon Bonaparte would rule the area

22. 1802 the Governor of New Orleans stopped allowing Americans to ship their goods through New Orleans
Americans wanted to go to war
Jefferson decided to send James Monroe to Paris to buy New Orleans from the French

23. Meanwhile on France’s End…
Meanwhile in Haiti, a revolution led by Toussaint L’Ouverture had driven the French out
Without Haiti, the French would not be able to defend Louisiana during a war
In France, another war between France and Britain was about to begin and the French needed money to fund it

25. Napoleon's Offer
France offered to sell ALL OF THE LOUISIANA TERRITORY for $15 million (about 4 cents an acre)
Because it would take months to get Jefferson’s advice, Monroe accepted the offer
This agreement would almost double the size of the country and give the U.S. control of the Mississippi

27. Jefferson’s Predicament
The Constitution nowhere states that the President has the power to buy land from a foreign country
What should he do?

28. Democratic Republicans
Costs & Benefits
Democratic Republicans
Federalists
Farmers
Native Americans

29. Jefferson’s Predicament
Jefferson decided he could purchase the land because the Constitution said the president could make treaties
The Senate approved the treaty and Congress voted to pay for the land

30. PSD: Jefferson to Lewis
Please use APPARTS to identify this PSD
Read pages 230 to 231 and answer the question in your journal

31. The Election of 1804 Background:
Candidates Jefferson (DR) & Charles Pinckney (F) ran for office.
Thomas Jefferson wins with 92% of EC votes
This victory will be short lived due to the revengeful Aaron Burr who tied Jefferson for EC votes in the Election of 1800
During Jefferson’s second term, George Clinton was VP b/c DR feared Burr’s relationship with Federalists.

33. Section 2 Focus Question:
What led James Madison to go to war with Britain in 1812?
Big Picture:
American became a pawn to the FR.
Jefferson—keep together new land, Burr, & Republicans!

34. Web Quest of Aaron Burr Using the website:
Which to charges are being brought against Burr?
What evidence have you found that would allow John Marshall to convict him?
What evidence have you found that might prove his innocence?
How will his actions cause problems for Jefferson’s second term?
How does his actions lead towards conflict with foreign nations?

35. The War of 1812
Please read James Madison’s war message and record reasons that would prompt him to go to war with Britain.
In addition, add reasons from your guided reading that would support a war for Britain

36. Causes of the War of 1812
Under TJ
Under Madison

37. Section 3 Focus Question
How did the War of 1812 influence American domestic policies?
Big Picture
Weak AM Navy = land battle in Canada
BR used NA to scare off AM
AM lack of national unity to defend country.

38. In June 1812, the U.S. Declared War on Britain
The U.S. finds itself unprepared!!
Because of Jefferson’s earlier cuts of the government, the U.S. very weak
16 warships and 7,000 soldiers (Britain had over 200 warships)
The British are still in a war!!
The British had to fight the War of 1812 and the Napoleonic Wars at the same time
What should our strategy be?

39. The Tactics of Both Sides
The U.S.
Invade British Territory in Canada
Gain control of the Great Lakes and keep control of the Mississippi
The British
Blockade all U.S. ports to prevent supplies
Enlist the help of the Native Americans

40. British Tactics

41. Battles and Key Events

43. The Invasion of Canada Fort Detroit
Attempted to invade Canada through Detroit
General William Hull began to retreat and was quickly surrounded by British soldiers andNative American warriors
This was a huge defeat for the U.S.-British captured over 2,000 soldiers

44. Battles and Key Events

46. The Invasion of Canada Lake Erie
Commander Oliver Hazard Perry led huge victory
British were forced to return to retreat to Canada
First time in history that an entire British Fleet was defeated and captured by the enemy

47. The Invasion of Canada Thames
As British and Native American allies retreated, General William Henry Harrison and his troops pursued them
Followed British into Canada and defeated them

49. Conflict in the South Horseshoe Bend
Andrew Jackson in command of U.S. forces in Georgia
Creek tribes had attacked American settlements
Jackson defeated them at Horseshoe Bend and forced them to give up millions of acres of land

50. Final Battles Dolly Madison Washington
In 1814, the British defeated Napoleon and could bring all their troops to the U.S.
Set fire to many government buildings including the White House
Dolly Madison

51. Final Battles Fort McHenry
British attacked fort which defended Baltimore’s harbor
British warships bombarded the fort throughout the night but, American fought off the attack

52. Battle of Fort McHenry, 1814
Oh Say Can You See By the Dawn’s Early Light… Francis Scott Key

53. Gave proof through the night, That our flag was still there…

54. The End of the War Treaty of Ghent
The war was a draw, Britain tired of fighting: too costly
On Dec. 24, 1814 agreed to Treaty of Ghent
Agreed to go back to the ways things were before the war
Britain never gave the Native Americans the land they had promised
The issue of impressment was never mentioned in the treaty
War helped U.S. gain respect as a nation, called “Second War for Independence”

55. People that Didn’t Get the Message
The Hartford Convention
There was much opposition to the war
Federalist critics called it “Mr. Madison’s War”
New Englanders especially, were against the war because the naval blockade had hurt trade
December 1814, a group of Federalists met in Hartford, CT

56. People that Didn’t Get the Message
The Hartford Convention
Some delegates at the Hartford Convention suggested seccession from the U.S.
When news of peace arrived at the convention the convention quickly ended

57. People that Didn’t Get the Message
The Battle of New Orleans
General Andrew Jackson did not get the news of the Treaty
Fought and won stunning victory at New Orleans

58. Effects of 1812

59. Section 4 Focus Question
To what extent did Jefferson’s legacy persist into the Era of Good Feelings?
Big Picture
End of Federalist party
Supreme Court rulings
Missouri Compromise
Monroe’s politics

60. Causes The War of 1812 establishes the U.S as a world power (respect)
There was much more nationalism (pride)
The Federalist Party died out (unity)
When James Monroe (Republican) ran for president, he won by a landslide

61. The Election of 1816

62. The Election of 1820

63. Effects Both part of Henry Clay’s American System
Government Takes a Greater Role in the Economy
Second Bank of the U.S. established in 1816
Protective Tariff is passed
Protects U.S. goods from foreign competition
British had been dumping (selling their goods below market price)
Both part of Henry Clay’s American System

64. The American System WEST  got roads, canals, and federal aide.
EAST  got the backing of protective tariffs from the West.
SOUTH  ??

65. Central Government Strengthened Over States
Effects
Central Government Strengthened Over States
McCulloch v. Maryland
The state of Maryland tried to tax its branch of the National Bank
Court ruled that a state cannot pass any law that violates a federal law

66. Central Government Strengthened Over States
Effects
Central Government Strengthened Over States
Gibbons v. Ogden
Steamboat went from New Jersey to New York
It was considered “interstate commerce” which can only be regulated by Congress, not the states

67. US Takes a Greater Role in the World
Effects
US Takes a Greater Role in the World
Florida
Andrew Jackson sent to recapture escaped slaves
Seized two Spanish towns and forced the governor to flee
Adams- Onis Treaty of 1819: Since Spain could not protect Florida, decided to give it up

69. Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819

70. US Population Density
1810
1820

71. US Takes a Greater Role in the World
Effects
US Takes a Greater Role in the World
Monroe Doctrine
U.S. wanted to protect trade with the newly independent Latin America
U.S. would not allow European nations to interfere with the free nations of Latin America

72. America Getting Patriotic!
Hail to the Chief
Yankee Doodle Dandy