1. Imperialism

2. Words to Know: Imperialism:
Foreign policy when a stronger nation takes over a weaker nation or region and dominates its economic, political, or cultural life
Colonialism : The policy of maintaining colonies as a source of raw materials and new markets. Practiced during old and new imperialism.
Raw Materials: Various materials found in nature used in manufacturing such as wood, coal, and oil.
Culture: The shared beliefs, customs, practices, and social behavior of a particular nation or people

3. Words to Know: Nationalism: pride and devotion to one’s country
Nationalist take pride in nation, culture, history and government
Feel that their country is the best!

4. When?? Old Imperialism 1500-1600s
Europe starts expanding to Asia, Africa and the Americas
Great Britain takes over N. America and Spain takes over S. America

5. When?? New Imperialism 1800s 19th Century Industrial Revolution
Create Empires
Increase Nationalism

6. What? How? Only Industrialized Countries Ships and Guns Technology
Navy
Army
Imperialism is a foreign policy
How a country deals with other countries
Countries created empires by building colonies

7. Who?? Ten Imperialist Powers
Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Portugal, and the United States

11. Only two countries were left!! Ethiopia and Liberia!!

12. Motives of Imperialism/ Causes
Economic
Motive is $!!
Raw Materials
Imports and Exports
Political
World Power!! Competition
Protect Investments
Establish own Gov.
Military
Strategic Locations! Strength
and Security (gas stations)
Cultural
Superiority
“Duty to Help”
Religious
Missionaries
Moral Issues

13. Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa
Industrialism and Imperialism
The Industrial Revolution created a desire for natural resources.
Many of these resources were not available in Europe.
Since much of the American colonies became independent, European powers looked to Africa and Asia for new colonies.

14. Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa
Europeans ruled their colonies with total authority, and they were not afraid to use force.
Indigenous people were used as slaves in the extraction of natural resources.
Europeans used the concept of Social Darwinism to justify this.
Social Darwinism: The belief that people and societies evolve like nature. The most technologically advanced cultures are believed to be superior to others. Leads to racism.
Social Darwinism
Herbert Spencer: The Founder of Social Darwinism

15. Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa
Paternalism
Social Darwinism inspired the concept of Paternalism.
Paternalism stated that the societies of Asia and Africa could not run their own governments and need Europeans to take care of them.
Paternalism= Parents

16. Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa
Assimilation- Along with Paternalism came the concept of Assimilation. This stated that Indigenous peoples would assimilate into European culture.

17. Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa
The Berlin Conference
By the middle of the 1800’s, it seemed clear that European powers were going to war over colonies in Africa.
In order to avoid this, the leaders agreed to meet in Berlin to cut up “the African Cake.”
In 1884 and 1885 Europe divided up Africa.

18. Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa
The African Cake

19. Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa
The Division of Africa by the Berlin Conference

20. Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa
The Europeans Extracted Wealth from Africa

21. Imperialism: Ethnic Warfare and Poverty

22. Imperialism: Ethnic Warfare and Poverty
Apartheid in South Africa
Mandela and F.W. de Klerk
United Streaming Clip Mandela

23. Imperialism: British Imperialism in India
Starting in the 1600s the British began to dominate India. By the 1800’s, it ruled it through the British East India Company.

24. Imperialism: British Imperialism in India
Indian Servitude

25. Imperialism: British Imperialism in India
Even in the face of famine the British still pushed cash crop production.

26. Imperialism: British Imperialism in India
A Sepoy Soldier- Indians were used as soldiers by the British

27. United Streaming
Gandhi

28. “Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun”
Mao Zedong
Gandhi
“Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun”
“Victory attained by violence is a tantamount to a defeat, for it is momentary”

29. Imperialism: Southeast Asia is Divided
Map showing the Division of Southeast Asia

30. Imperialism: China Resists Imperialism
The Qing Dynasty Resists the British
The Qing did not want Western influence in China.
However, Westerners (especially the British) wanted Chinese goods (i.e. tea).
The Chinese forced Westerners to trade through Guangzhou (Canton) in exchange for precious metals.

31. Imperialism: China Resists Imperialism
The British solution was to introduce opium as a trade item. As the Chinese population became addicted to the drug demand skyrocketed.

32. “By what right do they [British merchants]… use the poisonous drug to injure the Chinese people?... I have heard that the smoking of opium is very strictly forbidden by your country; that is because the harm caused by opium is clearly understood. Since it is not permitted to do harm to your country, then even less should you let is be passed on to the harm of the other countries.” Emperor Lin Zexu

33. Imperialism: China Resists Imperialism
The Opium War
War broke out in 1839 between the Qing and the British.
It became known as the Opium War because the Qing wanted to end the trade of Opium.
Industrialized Great Britain won easily and gained full trade access to China.

34. Imperialism: China Resists Imperialism
The Taiping Rebellion
In the 1850s, China experienced the bloodiest civil war in human history.
Hong Xiuquan began a Christian religious sect known as the Taiping.
He led a revolt against the Qing.
The war would eventually cost 20 million lives.

35. Imperialism: China Resists Imperialism
The Qing were forced to turn to the West to aid them in defeating the Taiping. They used Western weapons. This only gave Western countries more access to China.

36. Open Door Policy Sphere of Influence
U.S. declared China to be open to merchants of all nations
Area in which foreign nation controlled trade and investment

37. Imperialism: China Resists Imperialism
The Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists- A group in China which sought to push foreigners and their influence out of China. Westerners called them Boxers.

38. Imperialism: China Resist Imperialism
The Boxer Rebellion
In 1900, the Boxers surrounded the foreign section of Beijing and laid siege to it.
Western armies responded by invading China and putting down the Boxers.
The war became known as the Boxer Rebellion.

39. Imperialism: Japan
Although Japan had a “Closed Country Policy,” the United States Navy forced it to open up trade in 1853.
U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry

40. Imperialism: Japan The Meiji Restoration
Soon after, Emperor Mutsuhito wrestled control away from the Tokugawa Shogunate.
He started the Meiji Period.
The Meiji sought to modernize Japan on the Western model in order to resist the West.

41. Imperialism: Japan
Meiji Modernization

42. Imperialism: Japan
Sino-Japanese and Russo Japanese Wars

43. Compare and Contrast China and Japan

44. Forms of Imperialism Form Definition Example Colony
Country or territory governed internally by a foreign power
13 original US colonies
Protectorate
Country of territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power
Puerto Rico
Sphere of Influence
Area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges
China
Economic Imperialism
Independent but less-developed country controlled by private business interest
Dole Fruit Company controlled Hawaii

45. Imperial Management Methods
Indirect Control
Direct Control
Local Government officials
Limited Self-Rule
Goal was to develop future leaders
Government institutions are based on European styles but many have local rule
Foreign officials brought in to rule
No self-rule
Goal was assimilation
Government institutions are based only on European styles
Examples:
British colonies such as Nigeria, India, Burma
US Colonies in the Pacific
French Colonies such as Somaliland or Vietnam
German colonies
Portuguese colonies