1. 5-2 Notes Adaptation & Extinction
Chapter 5, Lesson 2

2. Adaptations Humans can change their environment to meet their needs.
Organisms have evolved adaptations to their environment by the process of natural selection.

3. Adaptations
Adaptations are inherited traits that increase an organism’s chance of surviving and reproducing in a particular environment.
Tarsier

4. Adaptations Not all traits are adaptations.
Sometimes undesirable traits can be passed down because they are genetically linked with other beneficial traits.

5. Adaptations

6. Adaptations
Adaptations are the final products of the long process of natural selection.
Adaptations are naturally selected for, not intentional.

7. Structural Adaptations
Structural adaptations are aspects of the physical body that help organisms survive and reproduce.

8. Structural Adaptations
Camouflage is coloring that blends with the environment, and makes organisms difficult to see.

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23. Structural Adaptations
Camouflage…

24. Structural Adaptations
Mimicry is when one species (the mimic) looks like another species (the model) in order to deceive a third species.

25. Structural Adaptations
Batesian mimicry is when the model organism is dangerous or venomous, but the mimic is not dangerous.
“Red on yellow,
will kill a fellow.”
King Snake (mimic) – harmless
Coral Snake (model) - venomous

26. Structural Adaptations
Mullerian mimicry is when both the model organism and the mimic are dangerous or distasteful.
Monarch and Viceroy Butterflies – both taste bad

27. Structural Adaptations
Self mimicry is when a species fools its prey by looking inviting or familiar OR to scare off a predator.
The owl butterfly’s eyespot can
confuse a predator OR gives the
predator a false target.

28. Behavioral Adaptations
Behavioral adaptations are actions or behaviors that help organisms survive and reproduce.
Male bower bird decorates his nest to attract
a mate.
Bird of Paradise dances for a mate.

29. Behavioral Adaptations
The herding instinct is seen in cows, and they know a large group is less likely to be attacked than when alone.

30. Often, adaptations are BOTH structural and behavioral
Often, adaptations are BOTH structural and behavioral. Check out the Bird of Paradise. 2:40

31. Extinction
A species becomes extinct when all the individuals of a particular species die off.
There have been several major extinction events in history.

32. Extinction Cause: 1. Loss of Habitat
As humans develop and occupy more space, and use more resources, habitats are destroyed.

33. Extinction Cause: 2. Loss of Genetic Diversity
Species NEED genetic variety to make it more likely to survive.
A species is considered to be threatened if they are likely to become endangered due to low genetic variation.
Cheetahs are threatened because they had to inbreed and now have low genetic variation.
Cheetahs were greatly endangered about 10,000 years ago.
The few that remained had to inbreed, which is why they are so identical today.

34. Extinction Cause: 3. Competition with Exotic Species
Humans often introduce a new species to an area because it is unique or pretty.
If it has no known consumer, it will take over and kill native species.
The kudzu plant was introduced into the Southern USA from Japan in the 1930s
to help prevent soil erosion. It has taken over some areas because it grows so quickly (30 cm / day).

35. Extinction Cause: 4. Inability to Adapt
This is involved in rapid environmental changes, and can cause rapid extinction.
If the climate changes suddenly, and a species doesn’t have any individuals with genetic traits that allow them to adapt, the entire species will go extinct.

36. What is not an example of an adaptation? A inbreeding B camouflage
5.2 Adaptation and Extinction
What is not an example of an adaptation?
A inbreeding
B camouflage
C mimicry
D behavior

37. Why do some non-desirable traits remain in a population?
5.2 Adaptation and Extinction
Why do some non-desirable traits remain in a population?
A selective breeding
B mutation
C they are genetically linked to more beneficial traits
D they may be useful in the future

38. C loss of genetic diversity D competition with exotic species
5.2 Adaptation and Extinction
What cause for extinction would most likely be involved in rapid environmental changes such as climate change?
A loss of habitat
B inability to adapt
C loss of genetic diversity
D competition with exotic species

39. Which of the causes of extinction is not influenced by human actions?
A inability to adapt
B loss of genetic diversity
C loss of habitat
D competition with exotic species

40. Why do desert rabbits have mottled fur?
A behavioral adaptations
B mimicry
C camouflage
D incomplete dominance

41. When do we designate a species as threatened or endangered?
SCI 3.e
When do we designate a species as threatened or endangered?
A when there is one population left
B when the number of individuals falls below a certain level
C when population numbers are declining
D when genetic variation is low