1. Chapter 31
Fungi
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2. Which individual organism in this picture probably has more biomass?
fungus
tree
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3. Like animals, fungi are heterotrophs and use enzymes to break down food macromolecules into monomers that their cells can use. What is true about these fungal enzymes that is not generally true of animal enzymes?
Many of them catalyze hydrolysis reactions.
Many of them are packaged in lysosomes in the cell.
They reduce the activation energy and speed up reactions.
They are secreted outside of the cell for external digestion.
They are proteins that are specific for digesting certain types of molecules.
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4. Which of the following is a role not performed by any fungi?
decomposer
parasite
predator
producer
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5. You are presented with several single-celled organisms, including one thought to belong to the kingdom Fungi. What unique feature helps you identify the fungus?
presence of mitochondria
absence of chloroplasts
presence of chitin
presence of nuclei
presence of cell walls
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6. When does meiosis occur in fungi?
during asexual reproduction
following the fusion of nuclei
immediately after the fusion of two fungal cells
after the fusion of cytoplasm but before the fusion of nuclei
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7. In animals, an individual consisting of diploid cells is usually the life stage that signals to attract a mate and discriminates whether the potential mate is compatible. What life stages typically accomplish these functions in fungi?
haploid spores
haploid hyphae
heterokaryon hyphae
diploid hyphae
diploid spores
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8. Which phylogenetic tree represents the evolutionary history of the fungi based on the most recent data?
answer a
answer b
Answer c
answer d
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9. The major groups of fungi probably diverged from each other and began to diversify when life began to colonize land. What features of fungi support this hypothesis?
They generally have swimming sperm.
They generally have elongate hyphae for absorbing water and nutrients.
They generally have multicellular bodies.
Two of the above options support this hypothesis.
All of the above options (a through c) support this hypothesis.
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10. Your parents are coming to visit and you immediately run to the pantry to throw away the loaf of bread with the black fuzzy stuff on it. What phylum of fungi did you probably just trash?
Basidiomycota
Ascomycota
Zygomycota
Chytridiomycota
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11. You have been given the task of finding living members of the phylum Glomeromycota. Where is the best place to look for these fungi?
the roots of vascular plants
between the toes of someone with athlete's foot
growing on rocks and tree bark
in stagnant freshwater ponds
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12. You are given a fungus to identify
You are given a fungus to identify. It has a fruiting body that contains many structures with eight haploid spores lined in a row. What kind of fungus is this?
Zygomycete
Chytrid
Deuteromycete
Ascomycete
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13. Which feature of the chytrids supports the hypothesis that they represent the most primitive fungi?
flagellated spores
the absence of chitin within the cell wall
parasitic lifestyle
formation of resistant zygosporangia
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14. Which of the following diagrams represents the defining feature of the Ascomycota?
answer a
answer b
answer c
answer d
answer e
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15. Neurospora is an ascomycete mold that is an important model organism for genetics research. Researchers carefully open an ascus (sac) and analyze the genes of the eight ascospores contained within it. Why does analysis of spores in an ascus make it easy to study genetic recombination in Neurospora?
The eight ascospores are genetically identical haploid nuclei made by mitosis.
The eight ascospores are four copies each of the two dikaryon nuclei.
The eight ascospores are two copies each of the four haploid products of one meiosis.
The eight ascospores are each genetically different haploid products of one meiosis.
The eight ascospores are genetically identical diploid nuclei made by mitosis.
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16. If you analyze the cells of the body of a basidiomycete mushroom, such as those we eat, you would find that most cells contain what nuclei?
one haploid nucleus
two or more genetically identical haploid nuclei
two non-identical haploid nuclei
one diploid nucleus
two or more genetically identical diploid nuclei
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17. In fields or open areas in woodlands, one can occasionally find a “fairy ring,” a ring of mushroom-fruiting bodies arranged roughly in a circle, which can be many meters in diameter. Which is the correct explanation for this?
Mushrooms have grown where a circle of spores was deposited previously.
The circle of mushrooms represents the survivors or “winners” of many fungi that competed with each other.
The circle represents the edge of a large underground feeding mycelium that produced fruiting bodies in many places at once.
The circle represents the outer edge of a good habitat for the mushrooms.
The circle is where fairies have danced in a ring.
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18. How many individual fungi do you see in this picture?1 5 46 52
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19. Which of these is an example of a fungus that initially parasitizes a living organism, then continues living on it as a decomposer after the organism dies?
black bread mold
yeasts
mycorrhizal fungus
wheat rust
shelf fungus
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20. Many fungi produce antibiotics, for example penicillin, that are effective at stopping bacterial growth. Which do you think is the evolutionary advantage to the fungus of secreting antibacterial chemicals?
defense: preventing bacteria from infecting the fungus
defense: preventing bacteria from killing fungal spores
symbiosis: attracting helpful bacteria
competition: destroying bacteria that compete for their food
predatory: fungus can then consume the bacteria
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21. Lichens are a symbiotic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic microbe and are often among the first organisms to grow on bare rock or volcanic deposits. What features of lichens allow them to be so successful as new colonizers on bare rock?
Fungal hyphae have extensive surface area for absorbing runoff water without any soil.
Fungal hyphae secrete weak acids that break down the rock surface and permit attachment.
Some lichen microbes conduct their own nitrogen fixation.
The photosynthetic partners in lichens have little competition for sunlight.
Lichens can reproduce asexually, dispersing both partners together.
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