1. Bell Work List 4 reasons for the decline of the Roman Empire
Who tried to save the Roman Empire by dividing it?
Who moved the capital to the east?
Where was the Eastern Roman Empire located (old name of the city & new name of the city)?

2. The Byzantine Empire: The New Rome

3. Objectives
Describe the geographic advantages of Constantinople’s location
Compare the Byzantine Empire the Roman Empire
Describe the role of Justinian in the rise of the Byzantine Empire

4. Setting the stage The Western Roman Empire crumbled
For 1000 yrs after the collapse of the W the E would carry on the glory of Rome
The E would remain and become:
The Byzantine Empire

6. Geography
The Emperor Constantine moved the capital to Byzantium; later renamed Constantinople located on:
the Bosporus Strait connects the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea.
Europe & Asia meet at the Bosporus Strait.
Asia
Europe 6

7. Why the East? Constantinople on: seaport Important point for trade
major trade routes b/w Asia & Europe
Gateways b/w Black Sea & Aegean Sea
Control gateways = control shipping

8. Byzantine Empire vs Rome?
Both a Greek & Christian state
Greek replaced Latin as official language
Christian church now Eastern Orthodox Church (EOC)
Byzantine emperor controlled church & state
Emperor appointed the head of the church

9. Life in Constantinople
Largest city in Europe in the Middle Ages
Europe’s greatest center of Commerce
industry grew
silkworms were smuggled from China to begin a silk industry
Building increased
Glorify Constantinople

10. 10
Constantinople

11. Questions
What is the name of the new empire that came out of Rome on the east side of the Mediterranean?
What was the name of the capital city of this new empire?
What was so good about the placement of the capital city?
What was the official language and religion?

12. Emperor Justinian

13. Reign of Justinian
Byzantine emperors believed: rightful rulers of all the lands Rome once held
Justinian tried to reconquer the western lands, then became emperor

14. Reconquering Roman Lands
Why?
Regain Rome’s glory
Justinian ruled as an autocrat .
Ruler who has complete authority
Created a huge Christian empire
Empire reached its greatest size
Did he succeed?
Yes, at first
Ruled almost all the territory that Rome had ever ruled
After his death the lands were taken back
1453 Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks

15. Simplifying the laws
Justinian ordered group of scholars to organize the laws
From the last 400 years
Laws contradicted each other, so cleaned them up
Code of Justinian
Decided legal questions in all areas
Marriage, property, justice, etc.
Did he succeed?
Yes
Code of Justinian: basis of law in the Byzantine empire until its end (900 years)

16. Justinian’s Code of Laws
Laws were fairer to women.
They could own property
raise their own children after their husbands died.
Children allowed to choose their own marriage partners.
Slavery was legal and slaves must obey their masters.
Punishments were detailed and fit the crime
His work inspired the modern concept and, indeed, the very spelling of "justice".

17. Building Program: Glorifying Constantinople
Larger building program than any other Emperor
Walls for protection
Marketplace for trade
Courts, schools, hospitals
Hagia Sophia
Crowning glory of Justinian’s reign
church of Holy Wisdom
Hippodrome – like Rome’s Coliseum for main events
where gladiator fights & chariot races were held
Did he succeed?

18. Hagia Sophia
                   

19. Hippodrome

20. Preservation of Greco-Roman Culture
Modern world owes Byzantines a huge debt!
Preserved Greek & Roman culture
HOW?
Valued education – Classical Learning
Greek and Roman
Grammar
Literature
Philosophy
Studied Homer
Geometry from Euclid
History from Herodotus
Medicine from Galen

21. Questions
What were Justinian’s 3 major goal during his reign as emperor?
What Byzantine emperor tried to re-conquer the lands that were lost to the west?
Name 2 buildings in Constantinople and their purpose?
Who took over Constantinople after Justinian’s rule?
What type of rule did Justinian have and what does it mean?
Write down 2 things from the Code of Laws that changed.

22. To Do
Worksheet: Analyzing Emperor Justinian

23. Bell Work
Augustus, the first emperor of Rome, created a system of government that existed for centuries. How did the government of the eastern empire compare with that of the western empire?
One of Rome’s lasting contributions was its law. How does the Justinian Code compare with the principles of Roman law?
In ancient Rome, the Colosseum wa the site of free games, races, and gladiator contests for the masses. What kinds of free entertainment did the Hippodrome offer to citizens of Constantinople?

24. Objectives
Examine the reasons for the split of the Catholic Church within the Byzantine Empire.
Compare the decline of Roman Empire to the decline of the Byzantium Empire

25. The Great Schism What is it? East West
separation between two great branches of Christianity
East
Eastern Orthodox Church
West
Roman Catholic

26. The Church Divides The Western & Eastern Empires develop differently
Due to lack of contact
Differences grew
East was more oriented towards Asia and Northeastern Europe
Differences
Language
Marriage of priests
Leader
Icons

27. Differences Language Marriage East – Greek West – Latin
East – allowed priests to marry
West – not allowed

28. Differences - Leader East: Constantinople
church was headed by the Patriarch
spiritual leader
controlled by the Emperor
West: Rome
church was headed by the Pope
Spiritual leader
had control over the rulers of Western Europe.
Pope in Rome thought he was above any ruler, Pope in Constantinople thought that rulers had power

29. Differences - Icons Conflict over icons
Icons – small art objects that depict a holy figure
Iconoclasts – People who were against the use of icons in worship, should just pray to God

30. End Result: The Split
Several Byzantine Emperors attempted to ban the use of icons
The pope in the west supported the use of icons
In 1054 both Popes excommunicated each other
Excommunicated – declared outside the church
Two branches form
Roman Catholic Church - West
Eastern Orthodox Church - East

31. Decline of the Byzantine Empire
Loss of land
Turkish troops seized most of the Asian provinces of the Empire.
Creation of independent Slavic kingdoms in the Balkans (like Serbia)
showed the Empire’s diminished power.
Loss of Power
increased impact of Italian trading cities with the ports of Constantinople.
Attacked
Crusade to take back Holy Land actually turned against Constantinople!
Weakened the Byzantine Empire more!

32. The End of the Byzantine Empire
1453: The Byzantine empire drew to a close
forces from the Muslim Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople.
The ancient Christian city was renamed Istanbul
became the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

33. Istanbul is Constantinople