What’s New in Social Studies?

What’s New in Social Studies?
August 15, 2013 Darlington County Schools Kathy Hogan

Introductions Former SS Coordinator for Lexington/Richland School District 5 in Irmo Teacher – Dutch Fork HS Member of the SS Standards development (2005) and revision (2011) committees Member of the Standard Support Document writing teams (2008 and 2011).* Member of assessment item review committees. Does everyone have a printed copy of the SSD for the courses that you teach? SSD mat not make me popular but it does make me knowledgeable about state expectations for SS. You can only influence the outcome if you have a seat at the table.

Welcome! Introduce new members of the Social Studies Teams at each school. Darlington HS Darlington MS Hartsville HS Hartsville MS Lamar HS Mayo HS for Science/Math Rosenwald MS Spaulding MS Where are the 6th grade teachers? 7th grade? 8th grade?

What will we do today? Review the 2011 changes to the Standards and the SSDs Review the role of SS in the CCSS and share resources Break Look at the data Share methods for improving data Discuss ways to improve data in Darlington Begin to work on these projects

Thomas B Fordham Institute
A national, conservative think tank Let’s start with a celebration!!! SCD’s SS standards are ”best in the nation” ELA CCSS rated an B+, CCSS Math and A- and Science got an A-. SC’s 2005 standards and revised 2011 standards are history driven .

SSD: What’s New!!! http://ed.sc.gov/ changes to the SCDE website
Turn to your neighbor and talk about the 2 changes to the format of the Support Documents and why these changes are important. Share out. Demo how to get to the SSD and other info

Point out Big idea and alignment.

Why include the “Enduring Understanding?”
Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe Understanding by Design knowledge which can be transferred the “Big Idea” Three questions to ask before you teach… What do students need to know for the state test? (“Essentials to Know”) What do students need to know to be successful at the next grade level? (“Previous/Future Knowledge”) What do students need to know to be successful in the real world? (skills and Common Core State Standards) Example of Daniel Boone? Lewis and Clarke?

Enduring Understanding: USHC
The student will demonstrate an understanding of… Enduring Understanding …the conflicts between regional and national interest in the development of democracy. Contemporary democratic ideals originated in England, were transplanted to North American by English settlers, and have evolved in the US as a result of regional experiences. To understand this evolution of democracy and the conflict between local and national interests, the student will… … how economic developments and the westward movement impacted regional differences and democracy in the early 19th century Political conflict is often the result of competing social values and economic interests. Different perspectives based on differing interests and background led to political conflict in the antebellum US. …how regional and ideological differences led to the Civil War and an understanding of the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on democracy in America. Democracy is based on the balance between majority rule and the protection of minority rights. To understand the impact of conflicting interests on the rights of minority groups, the student will ..the industrial development and the consequences of that development on society and politics during the second half of the 19th and the early 20th centuries. Political democracy depends upon the active participation of individual working through political and economic interest groups to protect their welfare. To understand how groups in the past have protected their rights, the student will…

Literacy Skills/ common core inclusion

Social Studies Literacy Skills for the Twenty-First Century
Grades K-3 Grades 4-5 Grades 6-8 High School Distinguish between past, present and future time. Establish the chronological order in reconstructing a historical narrative. Explain changes and continuity over time and across cultures. Examine the relationship of the present to the past and use a knowledge of the past to make informed decisions in the present and to extrapolate into the future. Measure and calculate calendar time. Create and interpret data in time lines. Interpret parallel time lines from different places and cultures. Trace and describe continuity and change across cultures. This is a closer look at two of the literacy elements. Please emphasize to teachers that it is essential that they teach skills as well as content. Also point out that developmental nature of the skills. Suggested skills for each standards are at the bottom of each standards page.

Common Core State Standards

(adapted from Common Core State Standards)
LITERACY IN HISTORY/SOCIAL STUDIES, SCIENCE, AND OTHER TECHNICAL SUBJECTS (adapted from Common Core State Standards) Grades K–3 Grades 4–5 Grades 6–8 High School Ask and answer questions to demonstrate his or her understanding of a text, using the text as the basis for the answers. Cite details from a text to support conclusions made from that text. Cite specific textual evidence to support the analysis of primary and secondary sources. Utilize contextual information to support the analysis of primary and secondary sources. Use visual elements as aids to under-stand where, when, why, and how. Interpret visual information to deepen his or her understanding Integrate information from a variety of media sources with print or digital text in an appropriate manner. Synthesize ideas and data to determine their validity and authenticity An abbreviated version of the CCSS were included in the SS Literacy Skills for the 21st century

What does this mean for Social Studies?
What is the Common Core? Practice Tests What are the shifts in reading that the CCSS requires? * Generate some input on what teachers have already learned about the CCSS. *Turn to your neighbor and identify those 6 shifts What does this mean for Social Studies?

Common Core State Standards 5 Shifts for ELA
Grade Literary Informational 4 50% 8 45% 55% 12 30% 70% Shift 1: Informational Text Shift 2: Increasing Text Complexity Shift 3: Academic Vocabulary* * SS has more academic vocabulary than any other discipline Grade Opinion/ Argument Informational/ Expository Narrative 4 30% 35% 8 12 40% 20% Shift 4: Text-Based Answers Shift 5: Writing from Sources Shift 6: Shift 6: Literacy Instruction in all Contents

Text Complexity of History Reading
Often adheres to one or more structures: Description Sequence Cause/Effect Problem/Solution Compare/Contrast Listing Narrative Argument Text Patterns & GO’s Teaching students to recognize these texts structures will help them to comprehend the text. History teachers are the expert in reading like a historian!

How can Social Studies teachers support the CCSS?
as always Use multiple texts and other SS sources (maps, charts, political cartoons etc.) Focus on critical thinking: analysis, synthesis, evaluation with the addition of Teach discipline specific approaches to text Teach discipline specific strategies

Teaching students to learn to read and read to learn simultaneously
With all informational text (including the textbook) Demonstrate (think aloud) how comprehending strategies such as determining importance, summarizing, synthesizing, gathering information are important to the comprehending of informational text. Teach students to summarize and take notes; don’t do it for them! Demonstrate the use of text features and text structures and their importance to comprehending the text. Establish tasks that support explicit practice of using text structures and features in connection with comprehension. I used to require students to use their text to develop a chronology of events but never really taught them how to do it. These will come in one by one to facilitate discussion.

Argumentative Writing
Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence. Introduce claim(s), acknowledge alternate or opposing claims, and organize the reasons and evidence logically. Support claim(s) with logical reasoning and relevant evidence, using accurate, credible sources and demonstrating an understanding of the topic or text. Use words, phrases, and clauses to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among claim(s), reasons, and evidence. Establish and maintain a formal style. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented.

Common Core Literacy in History/ Social Studies
Cite textual evidence Comprehend complex texts independently. Summarize central idea. Evaluate author’s point of view. Evaluate multiple sources. Integrate info from diverse sources. Write using evidence. What resources are available that will help teachers to provide classroom experiences that meet these CCSS.

Common Core Literacy in History/ Social Studies
Cite textual evidence Comprehend complex texts independently. Summarize central idea. Evaluate author’s point of view. Evaluate multiple sources. Integrate info from diverse sources. Write using evidence. Document Based Questions!! Florida data from a TAH evaluation shows a significant impact of DBQs on elementary student achievement in both reading and writing. The DBQ Project provides great PD. But you don’t need the project to use documents. There are other on line sources that are free.

Reading Like A Historian
Identify text structures. Be aware of the source of the text. Look for corroboration of the text. Use/cite evidence from the text. Be able to put the text into a time and place (contextualize) Use background knowledge to evaluate the text. Reading Like a Historian from Stanford University Beyond the Bubble: A New Generation of History Assessments Historical Thinking Matters AP Central (USHC, World History, European History Government, Economics, Human Geography) use only some of the docs USC Digital Academy Go to the Stanford site and emphasize World History lessons as well as USHC… can be used for 6th and 7th grade students as well (5th grade teachers in Lex 5 reviewed lessons and thought them applicable for their students)

Directions: Look at the painting below and evaluate the claim that follows.
Source: The First Thanksgiving 1621, was created in 1932 by J. L. G. Ferris. Common Core: #1 (Gr. 6-12), #6 (Gr. 6-8), #7 (Gr. 6-8)

Question: The painting The First Thanksgiving 1621 is a useful resource for historians who wish to understand the relationship between the Wampanoag Indians and the Puritan settlers in 1621. Do you agree or disagree? (Circle one.) Turn to your neighbor and explain your thinking.

The painting The First Thanksgiving 1621 is a useful resource for historians who wish to understand the relationship between the Wampanoag Indians and the Puritan settlers in 1621. Do you agree or disagree? Source: The First Thanksgiving 1621, was created in 1932 by J. L. G. Ferris. Common Core: #1 (Gr. 6-12), #6 (Gr. 6-8), #7 (Gr. 6-8)

Proficient Student Response
Can you think of a painting that would be appropriate for your grade level? Insert some paintings for other grade levels… School of Athens, Declaration of Independence signing, Louis XIV etc This is an example of sourcing a document.

Directions: Use the letter below to answer the questions that follow.
"Well we are trying to get a long the best we can and I tell you that is poor a nough. The troops all Seem to be discouraged Since the last battle at Fredericksburgh. I tell you that they hadent better ever take this army back to Alexandria or they will all [desert] and go home. I dont see what our government is doing." Source: Letter from Joseph F. Green, a soldier in the Union Army, to his friend Julia Reynolds on January 2, 1863. Question 1: Explain why a historian might not think that Joseph F. Green’s letter reflects the morale of the entire Union Army. Common Core: #1 (Gr. 6-12), #8 (Gr. 9-10), #9 (Gr )

Proficient Student Response:

Corroborate Question 2: Three documents are described below. Explain whether each document could be used to support Joseph F. Green’s claims about the morale of the Union Army. a. An 1863 public speech by President Lincoln that describes the Union soldiers as brave. b. An 1863 document from the US government that shows that many Union soldiers had recently deserted. c. An 1861 letter from a Confederate soldier to his mother that describes how two of his friends had deserted. Turn to your neighbor and explain your answer.

Using Documents as Evidence
Document A: The following is an excerpt from sworn testimony given before the U.S. Senate by Corporal Richard O’Brien in 1902. O’Brien was called to testify in a Senate investigation of alleged war crimes committed by American soldiers in the Philippine-American War. “The first thing we saw was a boy ... and the first sergeant shot at the boy. Everybody fired at him. That brought the people in the houses out [and] the town was fired on ... Two old men came out, hand in hand ... they had a white flag, they were shot down. At the other end of the town we heard screams, and there was a woman there; she was burned up, and in her arms was a baby, and on the floor was another child ... The fighting was continued until everybody had fled or everybody was killed ... There was not a shot fired on the part of the Filipinos.” Common Core: #1 (Gr. 6-12), #4 (Gr. 6-12), #6 (Gr. 6-12), #8 (Gr ), #9 (Gr. 9-12)

Document B: The following is an excerpt from a letter to the editor of the Kansas City Journal by Colonel Frederick Funston on April 22, 1899. Funston, who was a war hero for his extensive service in the Philippine-American War, wrote and spoke often about the Philippine-American War in order to increase public support for American involvement in the conflict. “I am afraid that some people at home will lie awake [at] night worrying about the ethics of this war, thinking that our enemy is fighting for the right to self-government ... [The Filipinos] have a certain number of educated leaders – educated, however, about the same way a parrot is. They are, as a rule, an illiterate, semi-savage people who are waging war not against tyranny, but against Anglo-Saxon order and decency . . I, for one, hope that Uncle Sam will apply the chastening rod good, hard and plenty, and lay it on until they come in to the reservation and promise to be good ‘Injuns.’”

Question 1: Many Americans opposed the war in the Philippines
Question 1: Many Americans opposed the war in the Philippines. How does Document A provide evidence that many Americans opposed the war? Question 2: How does Document B also provide evidence that many Americans opposed the war in the Philippines? Turn to your neighbor and explain your thinking.

Many Americans opposed the war in the Philippines
Many Americans opposed the war in the Philippines. How does Document A provide evidence that many Americans opposed the war? Document A: The following is an excerpt from sworn testimony given before the U.S. Senate by Corporal Richard O’Brien in 1902. O’Brien was called to testify in a Senate investigation of alleged war crimes committed by American soldiers in the Philippine-American War. “The first thing we saw was a boy ... and the first sergeant shot at the boy. Everybody fired at him. That brought the people in the houses out [and] the town was fired on ... Two old men came out, hand in hand ... they had a white flag, they were shot down. At the other end of the town we heard screams, and there was a woman there; she was burned up, and in her arms was a baby, and on the floor was another child ... The fighting was continued until everybody had fled or everybody was killed ... There was not a shot fired on the part of the Filipinos.” Common Core: #1 (Gr. 6-12), #4 (Gr. 6-12), #6 (Gr. 6-12), #8 (Gr ), #9 (Gr. 9-12)

How does Document B also provide evidence that many Americans opposed the war in the Philippines?
Document B: The following is an excerpt from a letter to the editor of the Kansas City Journal by Colonel Frederick Funston on April 22, 1899. Funston, who was a war hero for his extensive service in the Philippine-American War, wrote and spoke often about the Philippine-American War in order to increase public support for American involvement in the conflict. “I am afraid that some people at home will lie awake [at] night worrying about the ethics of this war, thinking that our enemy is fighting for the right to self-government ... [The Filipinos] have a certain number of educated leaders – educated, however, about the same way a parrot is. They are, as a rule, an illiterate, semi-savage people who are waging war not against tyranny, but against Anglo-Saxon order and decency . . I, for one, hope that Uncle Sam will apply the chastening rod good, hard and plenty, and lay it on until they come in to the reservation and promise to be good ‘Injuns.’”

Proficient Student Response:

Putting a Source into the Context of Time and/or Place
Directions: Use the source information, your knowledge of history, and the poster to answer the questions below. Source: This is a poster for a play written in 1936 that celebrates the abolitionist John Brown, who tried to start a slave revolt in Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. Common Core: #1 (Gr. 6-12), #4 (Gr. 6-12), #6 (Gr. 6-8), #7 (Gr. 6-8)

Question 1: When was the play written?
Question 2: Which two of the facts below might help explain why the authors wrote this play? 1. Slaves made up nearly 40% of Virginia’s population in 1859. 2. One of the play’s authors, Michael Gold, was a member of the Communist Party, which protested against lynching in the 1930s. 3. After taking power in 1933, Adolf Hitler enacted racist policies in Germany. 4. After seceding from the Union in 1861, Virginia became the largest state in the Confederacy and the home of its capital, Richmond. Turn to your neighbor and explain your thinking about these questions. This assessment gauges students' ability to source and contextualize a document. Students must first situate a playbill in time. Students then select facts that might provide relevant historical context for determining the authors' motivation and explain how the facts might shed light on why the authors wrote the play.

Proficient Student Responses:

Using Background Knowledge and Periodization
Directions: The following two letters are both from the archives of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and were written over twenty years apart. Read the letters and determine which was written first. Then explain your answers using evidence from the letters and your knowledge of history. Common Core: #1 (Gr. 6-12), #4 (Gr. 6-12), #5 (Gr ), #9 (Gr. 9-12)

Source: Letter A: First Lady of the United States to Walter White, Executive Secretary of the NAACP, addressing the lynching situation. Letter B: Daisy Bates to Roy Wilkins, Executive Secretary of the NAACP, describing the conditions of black children in a previously all-white school.

Proficient Student Responses:

Video: Developing Narrative Understanding

What’s the Elephant in the room?
I am not a reading teacher! How can I teach with text and still cover all of the “stuff” that is in the SSD to be ready for PASS or EOCEP? “This too shall pass.”

Let’s take a short break!

Lets’ take a closer look at the changes to the SSD…
Focus on the “Enduring Understanding” and the Literacy Elements Avoid just naming a bit of info in order to promote understanding of the underlying concept such as “subsidies in the form of land grants” [Pacific Railway Act]; “Tribal lands were divided into farm parcels” [Dawes Severalty Act] Many details moved to the “Non-Essentials” such as names of labor organizations (4.4) Improved connections between content of the indicator and previous indicators; referenced ( ) to emphasize the themes implicit in the standards.

Talk to your grade level team and share the content changes that you noticed in the SSD for your grade level. How can these changes be reconciled with the CCSS? Be prepared to report out.

Government and Economics
Emphasis on founding documents

United States History and Constitution
Focus on the Enduring Understanding (democracy) 10 standards to 8 standards Ex. New Spain and New France; impact of the DOI on the world at large; development of the Articles Combination of some indicators Ex Analyze how dissatisfaction with the government under the Articles of Confederation were addressed with the writing of the Constitution… Improved the narrative and brought it to more recent times 3.5 Evaluate the varied response of African Americans to the restrictions imposed on them in the post-Reconstruction period… Conservatives and liberals

World History: the Making of the Modern World
Starts at 1300 Thematic, not chronological* Have you substituted these for the 2005 Global Studies standards? Greater inclusion of United States history Do you have a pacing guide that reorders the indicators to follow some chronology?

World Geography Completely new standards Thematic, not regional
Emphasis on concept not place

8th Grade: South Carolina History
South Carolina: ONE of the United States 8-1.2 Compare the motives, activities and accomplishments of the exploration of South Carolina and North America by the Spanish, French and English.(not just settlements in SC) 8-1.3 Summarize the history of English settlement in New England, the mid-Atlantic region, and the South with an emphasis on SC as an example of a distinctly southern colony. 8-1.6 Compare the development of representative government in SC to representative government in other colonial regions… Compare migration patterns of SC to such patterns throughout the US

7th grade Contemporary Cultures: 1600 to the Present

6th Grade Early Cultures to 1600
6-4.4 Explain the contributions, features, and rise and fall of the North American ancestors of the numerous Native American tribes, including the Adena, Hopewell, Pueblo, and Mississippian cultures.

A closer look at the EU! Work with your grade level team to read and discuss the “Enduring Understanding” for Standard 1. How well does each indicator support the EU? How might you improve the EU? How might you communicate the EU to your students? Report out This activity may be skipped if time is running short…

So… Focus on the big ideas and enduring concepts, not merely on information. Facts = evidence of the Big Idea Include some SS literacy element in each lesson. Text: secondary and primary sources Maps, charts, graphs pictures, political cartoons … Emphasize evidence from text or other resources and include reading and writing in your lessons. (CCSS)

What does the data tell us?
How many of you have read about the letter grades being assigned to schools… it is controversial…This is how we are being measured… so fair or not it’s what we’ve got!

Darlington Elementary Schools -2013
Model how to read the data… Turn to your neighbor and comment on what you see on the screen…. Where are strengths? Where are weaknesses?

Darlington Elementary Schools- 2013
Strengths in SS… weaknesses in Science.

Darlington Middle Schools -2013
Turn to your neighbor an identify the strengths and weaknesses in this MS data.

Darlington Schools – 6th Grade
Where are the strengths…where are the weaknesses?

Darlington High Schools - 2013
Data is similar throughout the state… USHC EOCEP is lower than other EOC scores – it is a hard test. But it is the game we have… so what can we do about it???? Lexington 5 = compared to for Science A overall =91

Lexington 5 High Schools -2013

Lexington 5 High Schools -2012
Compare to In 2013 percentage of objectives met fell by 10%. WHY??? How far did Darlington scores fall? – 20% is this accurate??? But this is the game that we have Sp what can we do?

Darlington High Schools -2012

Darlington County -2012

South Carolina -2012

How to improve scores… Think of the EOCEP as an EOC in Social Studies not in USHC!

How to improve scores… Think of the EOCEP as an EOC in Social Studies not in USHC! Understand and use the standards and the Standard Support Documents.

Assessment Guidelines: Appropriate classroom assessments could require students to be able to: Analyze Differentiate Organize Attribute Or any verb from the Understand or Remember cognitive process dimensions.

Changes to the SSD

How to improve scores… Think of the EOCEP as an EOC in Social Studies not in USHC! Understand and use the standards and the Standard Support Documents. Develop assessments to prepare students for the EOC in Social Studies and give benchmark tests to measure progress.

How we did it in Lexington/ Richland 5… Year A B C D F HS #1 08-09 5% 12% 30% 22% 31% HS #2 4% 7% 21% 27% 42% HS #3 14% 55%

B C D F Year HS #1 08-09 5% 12% 30% 22% 31% 09-10 13% 32% 29% HS #2 4% 7% 21% 27% 42% 10% 36% HS #3 14% 55% 20% 24% 41% Why do you think it worked?

Process Started in 2009-10 with USHC
CHS (HS #1) In district started the data team initiative so USHC benchmarks were reduced from 4 per year to 2 per year.

Other factors… HIS (HS #3) In levels were combined.

Process continued… 2012-13 expanded to other grades World History
8th Grade 7th Grade 6th Grade Developing test bank for 3-5

Developing the test banks…
Search internet for released items from other states , especially NY Regents NAEP Questions tool Sorted questions

Characteristics of Good MC Questions
Written at the appropriate cognitive level of Blooms. Aligned to the standard support document. Framed as a question. There is only one possible right answer. (No “all of the above” or “none of the above” or “a and c” answer choices.) Use positive phrasing (no “not” or “except” questions) Avoid similar language in the stem and in any distractor to avoid giving away the answer. Distractors are feasible to the uninformed. Distractors are of similar length and/or arranged longest to shortest, shortest to longest etc.

Social Studies Multiple Choice Questions
Include process skills with stimulus (graphs, charts, maps, political cartoons) when appropriate. May use a distractor from an earlier time period. Should include common misunderstandings as distractors.

Developing the test banks…
Teacher workshops to evaluate and edit questions, highlight the SSD Summer of 2009 USHC; 2012 –other grades, US PD: August, October, 2009 and February 2010, all US History teachers PD: August, November and February, , grades 6-8 Test banks posted to intranet for use in classroom instruction, quizzes and unit tests

Process of benchmarking
Establish the pacing guide Create the test Post test to Achievement Series, run answer forms and tests Give the test Gather (scan answer forms) and analyze the data Meet with teachers to discuss results

What teachers said... These questions are too hard.
Students don’t know how to answer these types of questions. Students cannot read the test. Students do not persist. Students do not remember.... “we talked about that!” BUT… The benchmark helped to prepare students for the rigor of the EOCEP.

What they say… We have already discussed the data and this is what we are doing next. Students are missing this question because… What strategy can I use to help students to understand this information? I have been teaching that wrong! I have to teach students to reason through the question and the distractors.

What did the benchmarks show?
Pacing is crucial. Big patterns and enduring understandings must be explicitly taught. Instructional strategies may need to be changed Enduring MIS-understandings Social studies vocabulary Reading and interpreting maps/ having mental maps. What instructional strategies might address the map issue?

What we are learning about student misunderstandings….
Why did democracy develop in the British colonies in North America?(USHC 1.2) A. colonists learned to cooperate to survive B. colonists developed egalitarian societies C. colonists brought English political traditions with them D. colonists rejected the political traditions of the mother country

USHC Why did democracy develop in the British colonies in North America? A. colonists learned to cooperate to survive 79 B. colonists developed egalitarian societies 130 C. colonists brought English political traditions with them 397 D. colonists rejected the political traditions of the mother country 531 School house rocks version of history is dangerous. Need to address this at 4th and 8th grade.

World History How did the ideas of democracy spread to the American colonies? A. emigrants took their political traditions with them. B. the crown required each colony to have an assembly. C. by example of various Native American tribes D. new colonies developed idea of representative government independently.

World History: Enduring MIS-understanding
How did the ideas of democracy spread to the American colonies? A. emigrants took their political traditions with them 133 (27%) B. the crown required each colony to have an assembly. 54 C. by the example of various Native American tribes 32 D. new colonies developed idea of representative government independently 276

8th Grade What did the colonists mean by “no taxation without representation”? Only the Parliament, not the king, could impose taxes Colonists wanted representation in Parliament Only their colonial assemblies could pass tax laws Colonists were opposed to all taxes.

8th Grade What did the colonists mean by “no taxation without representation”? Only the Parliament, not the king, could impose taxes. 87 Colonists wanted representation in Parliament. 821 Only their colonial assemblies could pass tax laws Colonists were opposed to all taxes. 47 Talking to 4th grade teachers about this Enduring Misunderstanding.

Question # “We hold these truth to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” This quotation reflects beliefs mainly derived from which of the following? A. the Magna Carta B. the divine right of monarchs of Europe C. John Locke’s theory of natural rights D. Marxist philosophy.

Question # “We hold these truth to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” This quotation reflects beliefs mainly derived from which of the following? A. the Magna Carta B. the divine right of monarchs of Europe C. John Locke’s theory of natural rights D. Marxist philosophy

Question # What did John Locke’s theory of the social contract, as developed in the United States Declaration of Independence, say? The people should revolt against a government that did not protect their rights. 655 Monarchs could rule autocratically, but they had to grant certain rights to their subjects. 91 Legislatures should have more power than kings. 69 Government should guarantee equal economic conditions to all people. 323

USHC 1.7 Summarize the expansion of the power of the national government as a result of Supreme Court decisions under Chief Justice John Marshall, such as the establishment of judicial review in Marbury v. Madison and the impact of political party affiliation on the court. % correct/ % correct / % correct; Question #34= 66% Question #35 = 61% Question # 36= 41%

What was a lasting impact of the decisions of the United States Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Marshall? (USHC 1.7) A. extension of the Bill of Rights to enslaved persons 175 B. expansion of the power of the Federal Government 472(41%) C. restriction of the authority of Congress 431 D. promotion of the views of the President 58 If students only know Marbury this is a logical answer. Therefore students must be exposed to other cases even though they do not need to remember the names or specific circumstances of those other cases.

USHC Benchmark #2 2009: What was the effect of Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation? Slaves were freed only in states that remained in the Union Slave owners were given financial compensation for the loss of their slaves Southern states were persuaded to surrender in order to keep their slaves Any chance that foreign powers would support the Confederacy was ended

Which of the following is true of the Emancipation Proclamation. A
Which of the following is true of the Emancipation Proclamation? A. It freed all slaves in the South immediately. 233 B. It freed slaves in the north and in the south. 262 C. It freed slaves only in the border states and the western territories. 283 D. It freed slaves only in those areas in which the federal government exercised no control. 489

Benefits Common assessments provide a common understanding of how to use the Standard Support Document. Conversations around selecting common items serve as staff development for teachers new to the content. Results provide a common measurement of student achievement of the standards prior to summary state assessments, in time for re-teaching. (data team model) Improving assessments will impact students’ achievement.

Instructional practices that maximize student achievement*
Category Ave. Effect Size Percentile Gain Identifying similarities and differences 1.61 45 Summarizing and note taking 1.00 34 Reinforcing effort and providing recognition .80 29 Homework and practice .77 28 Nonlinguistic representation .75 27 Cooperative learning .73 Setting objectives and providing feedback .61 23 Generating and testing hypotheses Questions, cues and advance organizers .59 22 *Marzano, Robert et al. Classroom Instruction that Works; Research Based Strategies for Increasing Student Achievement. Alexandria, Va: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development

49% 28% 34% 13% 50% Teacher skill improvement Student achievement gain
Predicted increase in student achievement when teacher’s skill in classroom assessment increases Marzano, Robert J. Classroom Assessment and Grading That Work. Alexandria, Va: ASCD, 2006. Teacher skill improvement 49% Student achievement gain 28% 34% 13% Teacher skill in assessment starting %ile 50% Student achievement starting %ile

Do teachers need to get better at assessments?
What is BUS? When was Charles I beheaded? 1608 1649 1776 1066

What did South Carolina colonists call the rice that they grew. A
What did South Carolina colonists call the rice that they grew? A. nice rice B. yummy rice C. yellow rice D. Carolina Gold

Released Items Aligned for PASS 2012
What should the common assessments look like? Released Items Aligned for PASS 2012

Characteristics of Good Multiple Choice Questions
Written at the appropriate cognitive level Aligned to the standard support document. Framed as a question. Avoid similar language in the stem and in any distractor. There is only one possible right answer. Distractors are feasible. Distractors are of similar length and/or arranged longest to shortest, shortest to longest etc.

Alignment….alignment…alignment

Cognitive Process and Knowledge Dimension
Remember Understand Apply Analyze Evaluate Create Facts Concepts PASS Procedures Metacognition Most PASS items are written at the understanding/concepts level. Others are at the Apply and Analyze level. We should avoid asking quesitons that are merely recall of facts.

And also....Analyze the Assessment Results
How well did the class perform on the assessment? Were there particular parts of the assessment on which students did better/worse? (Item analysis) What does this mean for instruction? What if everyone missed a particular question? What does this mean for instruction? What if everyone failed? What does this mean for instruction? How do you avoid these surprises?

Avoid Narrowing the Curriculum

And the moral of the story is…
…include other types of items in your formative assessments and in your tests as well as the multiple choice items in the test bank.

Extended Response Items
Aligned to the standard support document. Assesses procedural skills that have been explicitly taught and practiced in class. Communicates expectations clearly to the student through a detailed rubric as to what constitutes an A, B or C answer Indicates how much each item is weighted.

And don’t forget... Engaging classroom learning opportunities that prepare students to understand and remember information and to be successful on the formative and the summative assessment Frequent classroom formative assessments that gauge extent to which the standard/indicator has been mastered. Frequent, specific feedback to students. Emphasis on MC does not mean we will not be assessing through other means.

Our work today... Critique the items that we have available today.
Align items to the appropriate standard/indicator using cut and paste. Make corrections/edits to items. Mark the standard support document to identify material tested and materials omitted from the assessment.

Practice: Content Alignment
8-2.5 Summarize the role of South Carolinians in the course of the American Revolution, including the use of partisan warfare and the battles of Charleston, Camden, Cowpens, Kings Mountain and Eutaw Springs. Who was the young South Carolinian who delivered a message from Nathanael Greene to Thomas Sumter? A. Julia Drayton B. Emily Geiger C. Rebecca Motte D. Martha Pinckney These are 8th grade examples but the basic principles are applicable to all grade levels. Too specific. According to the standard, students do not need to know what individual women did during the revolution.

Practice: Context Alignment
What misunderstanding between the King and the Native Americans, combined with an earlier misconception about land ownership, eventually led to war? A. The colonists promised a vaccine for small pox. B. The colonists continued to make the Native Americans slaves. C. The King believed the Native Americans were his subjects. D. The Spanish promised the Native Americans freedom. Too wordy. Remove the clause “combined with an earlier misconception about land ownership” and put that idea into another question. C includes the term King that is a repeat from the stem and so students are likely to guess and select this answer. They will be right but for the wrong reason. Other distractors are not plausible. B is true but is not between the King and the Native Americans making this a reading question. D is also true but again not with the King. Why would providing a vaccine for small pox lead to war? Native Americans would be glad to get this protection.

Does the question align to the standard and indicator?
Does the question align to the Support Document? Does the question align to the indicated level of Bloom’s Taxonomy? Does the question align to appropriate literacy elements?

Practice: Context Alignment
Why did the relationship between the Cherokee and the South Carolinians deteriorate after the death of Governor James Glen ? A. Glen’s successor (Lyttleton) wanted to make slaves of the Cherokee. B. Glen’s successor (Lyttleton) did not want to associate with the Cherokee. C. Glen’s successor (Lyttleton) stopped all trade with the Cherokees and took hostages. D. Glen’s successor (Lyttleton) wanted the Cherokee to pay taxes on the goods they traded. All stems must be closed i.e. in the form of a question. Too wordy and repetitive. Students do not need to know about specific governors.

Which is a better question?
By the middle of the 18th century most of the people of the Up Country were A. Planters. C. Merchants. B. White Farmers. D. Slaves. Two word answer will pull students to select this answer so you will not know if they are answering correctly or guessing.

How did the government of Carolina become more democratic or governed by the people? A. The Anglican Church was made the official church. B. The Commons House of Assembly was created. C. Joseph West was chosen as governor. D. The Goose Creek men lost all of their power. Academic vocabulary is always a big part of what Social Studies is testing. If students don’t know what democracy means by the 8th grade then we have a big problem.

What did the southerners believe would bring an end to slavery and their way of life? A. If a Democrat was elected as President. B. The Compromise of 1850 C. If a Republican was elected as President. D. Nullification A and C are opposites so students will select between them. D is too short

According to the map, what was the smallest circuit court in area?
A. Beaufort District B. Camden District C. Georgetown District D. Orangeburg District Merely a map reading question. It should require some analysis, applying knowledge to interpreting the map.

Eliminate questions that do not align to SC standards.
Work with your team to evaluate some of the questions that you brought with you today or go to to find questions. Eliminate questions that do not align to SC standards. Turn stems into questions and fix other features to match SC practices. Writing or recognizing good questions is very hard work. So we should do this collaboratively to ease the burden on individual teachers and assure that we have good items that truly test the understanding of our students.

In your group, develop a test question that assesses students’ knowledge of some element in Standard 1. Be prepared to share with the group. MC questions can be written on large post-its.

What’s New in Social Studies?

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