1. & Napoleon

2. A Story that Matters Fall of the Bastille p. 546 Questions to ponder:
Why It Matters
Questions to ponder:
Do you believe the Bastille was stormed to set prisoners free, because it was a a symbol of oppression, or as the first step to overthrow the French Monarchy?
What is the difference between a revolt and a revolution?

3. Background to the Revolution
France’s society was based on inequality
The __________________
1st: _________ (130,000 people who owned 10% of the land)
Exempt from the taille (France’s chief _____)
2nd: ____ (350,000 people who owned about 25-30% of the land)
Held leading positions in government, the military, the law courts, and church offices
Also exempt from the taille
3rd: __________ (made up overwhelming majority of population)
Peasants largest segment-75-80% of population (owned 35-40% of the land)
Skilled _____________
Rise in prices > Increase in wages (hurts buying power)
_________________ (Middle Class: merchants, bankers, lawyers, etc.)
8% of population; owned 20-25% of land

5. Resentment
________________ no longer existed, but French peasants still had obligations to their local landlords that they deeply resented
I.E. Fees to use facilities; Contributions to clergy
Artisans struggle to survive (from their lack of purchasing power) leaves them angry with little to lose
Bourgeoisie unhappy with the privileges of the nobles
Aristocrats/Bourgeoisie unhappy with monarchical system resting on privileges and on an old and rigid social order

6. Financial Crisis
Immediate cause of the Revolution: The Near Collapse of Government ___________
Bad harvests in 1787/1788 led to food shortages, rising prices, and unemployment
Nearly ______ of the population was poor!
Despite these problems, the French government continued to spend enormous amounts on _________ and court ____________
Queen Marie Antoinette known for her extravagance
Louis XVI was finally forced to call
a meeting of the ____________________ to
raise new taxes (had not met since 1614!)

7. The Estates-General The French Parliament
Each estate received one vote
Sounds fair right? What’s the problem?
Third Estate breaks away and calls itself the ______ ________ (June 17, 1789)
Drafts a constitution
Locked out!
____________________: Swore that they would continue to meet until they had produced a French Constitution

8. What’s a King to Do?
Louis XVI prepares to use force against the Third Estate
However…before he was ready, a mob of Parisians stormed the _______________ (armory and prison) and dismantled it
Louis XVI could no longer trust his royal troops!
No troops=no _________________________
Popular revolutions break out throughout France

9. The National Assembly “_______________________________”
Inspired by the American Declaration of Independence and Constitution
“the natural and imprescriptible rights of man” to “liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression”
Freedom/Equal Rights for all; access to public office based on talent; Freedom of speech
Ended tax exemptions
Read p. 554 and answer #1-3
Draw a picture at the bottom of your paper showing an early event of the French Revolution
Possible topics: Poverty of France, Marie Antoinette and her luxuries, the Tennis Court Oath, storming of the Bastille, women protesting the lack of bread, Louis XVI’s return to Paris, or the war with Austria

10. Connections Around the World
Read “A National Holiday”
P. 551
“A National Holiday” Poster Assignment
Every nation celebrates its Independence day with different kinds of festivities. For example, in the U.S. many people have BBQ’s and watch firework displays.
Choose two other nations and research how each nation and its people celebrate their Independence Day.
Create an illustrated poster or chart showing your results.
The more creative you are, the better your grade.
Must have facts about their Independence Day as well as what people do for it!

11. Louis XVI’s next move… Louis XVI had remained at _____________
Refused to accept the National Assembly’s decrees on the abolition of feudalism and the Declaration of Rights
October 5, 1789
The _____________ come to him!
“detachments of women coming up from every direction, armed with broomsticks, lances, pitchforks, swords, pistols, and muskets”
Told of how they and their children were starving and forced him to accept the new decrees
Stated that he should return to Paris to show his support for the National Assembly

12. Other Changes Church Reforms Constitution completed in 1791
National Assembly needed money so they seized and sold the lands of the church
French Government now controlled the Church
Bishops/Priests were __________________
Many view ____________s as the enemy of the Revolution
Constitution completed in 1791
Set up a _____________ monarchy
There would still be a king, but a Legislative Assembly would make the laws

13. Will this spread elsewhere?
Neighboring nations did not want to find out
Austria and Prussia threatened to use force to restore Louis XVI to full power
National Assembly _________________ and declares war on Austria (which goes badly)
The Paris ____________: group of radicals who organized a mob attack on the Legislative Assembly and the royal palace
Took the King captive and forced the Legislative Assembly to suspend the monarchy and call for a National Convention (to be chosen on the basis of ________________________)

14. The Move to Radicalism
Georges Danton (leader of the Paris Commune) seeks ________ on those who aided the king and resisted the popular will
Arrested and massacred thousands
National Convention officially abolishes the limited monarchy and sets up a ________________
What will happen to Louis XVI?
National Convention sentences him to _____ (1793); Read V.F.T.P. p 555
Infuriated other European royalty
Took up arms against France

15. How will France defend itself?
Committee of Public Safety
National Convention gave broad powers to a special committee of 12 known as the “________________ _________________”
Headed by Georges Danton first, then by Maximilien _________

16. The Reign of Terror Committee of Public Safety in control
Job: defend France from foreign and
domestic threats
40,000 killed (16,000 by the ____________)
Read about the killing of a whole city (Lyon) p. 558
Claimed brutality was only _____________
After the wars and domestic crisis was over, the Declaration of Rights of Man would be fully realized

17. Attacking Christianity
In trying to create a new order that
reflected its belief in _______, the
National Convention pursued a
policy of ___________________
Removed “St.” from street names
Closed and pillaged churches
New ____________ (not from birth of Christ but from September 22, 1792-the 1st day of the French Republic)
End Result: Failed to work because France was still overwhelmingly Catholic

18. Would ultimately change the nature of modern warfare
Tell me more…
Read quote on p. 560
HUUUUUGEEEEE! (over one million)
Successfully pushed back enemies
Important step in the creation of modern nationalism
Got most of the population, not just professional soldiers, involved in wars (although because of this, wars became more destructive too)
Propaganda
Writing
Assignment
P. 561 #9
A New Kind of Army

19. Terror Over, New Government
National Convention reduced the power of the Committee of Public Safety
Churches allowed to reopen
New Constitution (wanted
more stability)
Created a 2-House Legislature
Council of 500 (initiated laws)
Council of __________ (250 people who accepted or rejected)
Both Councils were chosen by ______________ (individuals qualified to vote in an election
Council of Elders selected 5 people to act as “The ___________” (who would rule along with the legislature)

20. The Directory The Directory’s Reign Time of ________________
Had many political enemies
Unable to find a solution to the
country’s continuing economic problems
Relied on the _____________ to maintain its power
Met its end in 1799
Popular General ______________________ leads a coup d’etat (sudden overthrow of the government) and seizes power

21. The Age of Napoleon “Voices from the Past” p 563 “I Am The Revolution”
French Revolution made it possible for him to rise up through the military
Early Life
Born in _____________ right after
it was annexed
Read the works of the philosophes
and educated himself in military matters

22. Napoleon: The First Consul
Overthrows the Directory
Creates the “________________”
Theoretically a republic, but Napoleon had absolute power
Napoleon’s Domestic Policies
Make friends with the Church
Papal agreement: Catholicism is major
religion, church doesn’t ask for land back
Most famous achievement: _______________________
Included was the Civil, or Napoleonic, Code
Preserved most of the gains of the revolution by:
recognizing the principle of the equality of all citizens before the law
the right of the individual to choose a profession
religious toleration
the abolition of serfdom
Powerful, centralized bureaucracy: advancement based on ABILITY

23. Read p
Take Notes in the Margin!
Napoleon's Empire

24. The European Response Napoleon thought his empire would last forever
Two reasons contributed to its collapse:
The Survival of ___________________
Britain’s ___________ was unmatched
Napoleon couldn’t invade
The Force of _________________ (a unique cultural identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols)
France hated as oppressors
Showed other nations what national pride was

25. The Fall of Napoleon The Invasion of Russia
Lead 600,000 men into Russia
Needed a quick defeat, but Russians didn’t ___________!
They ______________ for hundreds of miles, burning their own villages and countryside along the way
Why would they do this?
Kept Napoleon’s forces from finding ____________!
Retreated all the way to Moscow (which was ablaze when Napoleon got there
Lacking food and supplies Napoleon begins the “_________________”
By now it was winter time…IN RUSSIA
Less than 40,000 of the 600,000 made it back to France in 1813
End Result: Gave other nations _________
to rise up and attack the crippled French Army
Paris was captured in 1814
Napoleon exiled to the island of ___________

26. The Final Defeat King Louis XVIII takes over, but has little support
Napoleon escapes Elba and returns to France
_______________________________
However, Napoleon convinced them to follow him!
Returns to Paris triumphantly!
Powers that had defeated Napoleon pledge to remove him again
Napoleon attacks Belgium
At ___________ in Belgium on June 18, 1815 Napoleon met a combined British and Prussian army under the Duke of Wellington and suffered a bloody defeat
Napoleon exiled to __________________