1. Rabbit Product Overview
Derek Dippert
Product Manager – Digi International
To create printable document:
Format – Slide Design - Color Schemes – Edit Color Schemes… - select Custom
Background = white
Text and Lines = black
Title Text = black
Format – Background – Omit background graphics, Apply to all
Format – Background – change color to white
(4) May need to replace “large” external I/O block diagram with C:\Rabbit\Doc\ExternalIO\Discrete.vsd
not necessary if using Color Printer – should tell it to print in B&W only

2. Agenda Rabbit Product Family Overview Application Examples
Chips, Modules, SBC’s
Application Examples
Overview of Dynamic C
Wireless Initiative and overview
Utilizing the Wireless Web Server
Using the Wi-Fi library, Rabbit Web Overview
Yahoo User Interface
Live Demo
Creating an Ethernet to ZigBee Gateway
Overview of ZigBee

3. Low Cost Kits for Fast Application Development
Rabbit Ideaology
…Making it easy for customers to develop and produce their systems – at a reasonable cost. It’s our commitment to providing “low cost application controls”.
…Improving time-to-market via ‘well-thought’ modular logic solutions. “Core Modules for lower development risk and fast product introductions.”
…Improving ‘systems solution’ for the customer, based on developing technology offered by Z-World. “Dynamic C, TCP/IP, and SSL software provides wide-integration with our board-level solutions.”
… Enhancing features constantly; internet compatibility, multi-tasking, responsiveness, installation, security, etc. “add-on solutions like WiFi and GPRS Modems to maximize application control while keeping costs down.”
Low Cost Kits for Fast Application Development

4. Complete Hardware and Software-based Solutions
Network Enabled Core Modules
SBCs
Integrated
Solution
Operator Interfaces
Wireless Modules

5. Rabbit 5000 First Rabbit chip to integrate Digi technologies Features
10/100 Ethernet
Wi-Fi
Features
208 ball BGA package
Full 16-bit microprocessor
10/100 Ethernet implementation
b/g implementation*
Internal 128KB of SRAM memory
Status
In use on RCM5400W and RCM5700
Due to on-chip design complexity, not available like other Rabbit processors for chip level development .
Exception is for high-volume applications (>100K units) 5

6. Rabbit® RIO™ Key Features General Specifications General Purpose I/O
PWM and variable-phase PWM
Quadrature Decoding channels
Input Capture channels
RabbitNet ports
General Specifications
64 pin TQFP Package
-40C to +85C
Up to 40MHz clock speed
8 independent channels, each with 4 ports 6

7. RIO™ Features Parallel Bus Interface Serial Interface(s) 4 pin SPI
3 pin bi-directional clocked serial
RabbitNet (Rabbit Expansion Protocol)
32 GPIO or
32 PWM channels
8 input capture channels
8 event counters
8 quadrature decoder channels 7

8. New MiniCore Series New family of small, low-cost modules
Streamlined for cost-effective connectivity
Designed to support high-volume applications
Cost reduced with
Higher integration Rabbit 5000 microprocessor
Small internal SRAM utilization
Edge connector instead of pin headers
Ethernet signals only (no RJ-45)
Small mini PCI Express form factor 8

9. MiniCore Series
An All New Family of Wired and Wireless Networking Modules
Socket compatibility
10/100 Ethernet (RCM5700)
802.11b/g (RCM5600W)
XBee Wireless (RCM5800W in planning)
Programmable Digital I/O
Multiple serial ports
Proven design for reliability
Production ready
Ultra-small form factor
Low-cost 9

10. Offering Flexible Connectivity
Low-profile mini PCI Express form factor
Socket compatible modules
Design motherboard for RCM5700
The RCM5700 is pin compatible with the RCM5600W(Wi-Fi)
RCM5600W
RCM5700
78 MHz Rabbit 5000
50 MHz Rabbit 5000
On-chip b/g Wi-Fi
On-chip 10/100 Ethernet
512KB FSRAM for code (via boot from 1MB serial flash)
1MB Parallel Flash for code
128KB SRAM (internal) for data
36 digital I/O, 5 serial ports
30mm x 51mm x 3mm (1.18” x 2.0” x 0.11”)
Target MSRP of $50 Qty 2,500
MSRP of $25 - Qty 2,500
Q1 2009
September 2008 10

11. Applications for Rabbit MiniCore
Energy/Utility Markets
Energy Management Systems (EMS)
Automatic Meter Reading (AMR)
Green Power Energy Production
Solar
Wind
Hydro
Building Automation Markets
Alarm Systems
Surveillance Systems
Access Control
Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems 11

12. Design Benefits of Rabbit MiniCore
Ultra-small form factor opens new design possibilities
10/100 signals on RCM5700 allows user to place RJ45 connector on their product for best location.
RCM5710 MiniCore w/RJ45 in development
Programmable I/O on MiniCore enables network communication plus local control capability
Various memory options available
Multiple serial ports allow multiple device connections to Wired or Wireless network
Ability to design one socket onto product and purchase either wired or wireless networking versions of MiniCore depending on application requirements.
RCM5600W and RCM5700 will be socket compatible with future MiniCore module products. 12

13. MiniCore vs. RabbitCore
MiniCore: streamlined for cost-effective connectivity
Smaller data SRAM
Not for compute-intensive apps
Target low-cost web server, energy management, and building automation applications
RabbitCore: optimized for compute-intensive connectivity
Data acquisition
Supports security standards: AES, SSL/TLS
Target instrumentation and AMR applications 13

14. New Product RCM5400W Series
Positioning/Features
2nd Generation Wi-Fi product
Chip integration of b/g circuitry
Debut of Rabbit 5000 product
Fastest Wi-Fi product offered
Design Advantages
Addition of g (more of a standard in market)
25% faster performance compared to RCM4400W (for the same price)
MegaByte Code Support (MCS) with RCM5450W
Pin-compatible with other RCM4xxxx modules
Status
Now Available 14

15. Volume Considerations
SBC
RCM
Microprocessor
Road Signs control
Utility management
Industrial/automation control
Elevator auxiliary system
Rail Monitoring
Asset Management
Cell site monitoring
SmartCard reader
Serial to Ethernet for legacy
Remote monitoring and control
Weigh scales
RFID reading system
POS
Commercial medical device
Handheld terminals
Auxiliary control
Time to Market
Machinery Control
Quantities
M2M Applications
Microprocessor
10k – 100k+ Units/year
RCM
250 – 10k Units/year
SBC
1 – 500 Units/year

16. New Rabbit 4000 SBCs BL4S100 Series BL4S200 Series
Low cost single board computer
Mid-range functions using base board + RabbitCore module
~$100 qty 500
~$300 qty 500
10Base-T + XBee ZB connectivity
Ethernet, Wi-Fi, XBee options based on module
12 fixed inputs/8 fixed outputs
32 I/O/8 fixed outputs
8 channel A/D
8 channel A/D,
1 RS-232
2 RS-232
1 Dallas 1-Wire (mfg. opt.)
1 RS-485
1 RabbitNet port
2 RabbitNet ports
Optional robust plastic enclosure

17. BL4S100 SBC Series New Family of Single Board Computer
True single-board design, targeting lower product cost
4 Planned Versions (512K/Ethernet/XBee Zigbee, 512K/Ethernet only, 1MB/Ethernet/XBee Zigbee, 1MB/Ethernet Only)
Cost Effective Design for Control/Monitoring
Moderate I/O Count
Analog I/O
Screw terminal connections
Optional Robust Plastic Enclosure
Launch October, 2008 17

18. BL4S100: Low Cost Wireless-To-Ethernet Gateway with Mesh
ZB on-board offers mesh and interoperability with ZigBee Pro feature set
BL4S100/150: Low cost & mesh networking
Use mesh peer-to-peer architecture
Easy-to-use protocol that simplifies mesh networking
No need to define and organize coordinators, routers or end-nodes
Message: Rabbit makes mesh networking and control easy to deploy
ZB from ZigBee alliance with ZigBee Pro feature set and can support any HW with the same Pro feature set
Use our Ethernet-to-Wireless gateway as a base station and then have intelligent modules remotely to:
Monitor moisture or temperature
Monitor and control lighting
Monitor air quality and alert when problems arise
Track various devices
Monitor energy use

19. BL4S200 SBC Series New Family of Single Board Computer
RabbitCore Module based for Flexible Communications
4 Networking Versions (10BaseT, 10/100Base-T, Wi-Fi, Zigbee)
Robust Design for Industrial Applications
Generous I/O count, High-Current Outputs
Analog I/O
Molex Pluggable Connectors
Optional Rugged Plastic Enclosure
Launch October, 2008 19

20. BL4S200 High Performance Connectivity
Drop in control and connectivity for industrial apps
40 GPIO
6 Serial ports
ADC inputs and DAC outputs
Networking choice
BL4S230 ZigBee connectivity and mesh networking
BL5S220 WiFi b/g networking
Rabbit makes wireless connectivity and control easy to deploy for instrumentation, motion control, vision systems, meter reading, machine control
Interface with National Instruments
Motor controls
Interface with other equipment
Sample programs

21. Single Board Computers with Display
OP7200
OP7500

22. XG5000 Series
10.4", 8.4", 6.4" VGA Color TFT screen (640x480) supporting 256 colors
5.7" QVGA Color TFT screen supporting 64k colors
5.7" QVGA Color STN screen supporting 8 colors
3.6" and 5.7" QVGA B/W and Blue/White STN screen (same as XG1000)
Character LCD interface (16x1 up to 40x4)
A new advanced X-Graph LCD hardware interface:
512kByte zero-waitstate Video-RAM
Rabbit 3000 running up to 58.8MHz
2Mbyte local memory: 512kByte Flash program memory Flash, 512kByte Fast-SRAM, 512kByte battery backup SRAM, 512kByte Video SRAM
10/100 Ethernet Interface
USB Interface
Dual RS485 drivers (two channels)
10-pin PC-like RS232C header and 4-channel RS232C level-shifter
DC 2.1mm power input jack
SDCard interface
24 channel ADC and 1 DAC channel
3.3Volt SMPS
Dallas 1-Wire Interface
Fits a low-cost compact plastic X-Graph enclosure

23. XG4000 Series A multi-purpose LCD interface design which supports:
5.7" QVGA Color TFT screen supporting 256 colors
5.7" QVGA Color STN screen supporting 8 colors
4.3” Screen available
Character LCD interface (16x1 up to 40x4)
Rabbit 4000 running up to 60MHz
1.5Mbyte local memory: 512kByte Flash program memory Flash and 1MByte Fast-SRAM
Ethernet Interface
Two 10-bit ADC channels
Analog touchscreen interface
Optional USB plug-in board
10-pin XGBUS connector
10-pin PC-like RS232C header and 4-channel RS232C level-shifter
12-pin internal I/O header (available on non-LCD versions)
DC 2.1mm power input jack
SDCard interface
Power supply on-board
Fits a very low-cost compact plastic X-Graph enclosure

24. Gateways
Ethernet
Wireless

25. Rabbit SBC Characteristics
More flexible software programming compared to heavy operating systems
I/O and analog expansion boards provide non standard features compared to PC based designs
Zigbee Gateway ability provides unique offering compared to the market
Integrated AT and API commands drastically reduces development time
Integrated touch screens quick time to market and rapid deployment

26. Customer Applications

27. Vehicle Tracking France
RCM2300 is used to interface with GPRS equipment located in trucks
A sensor is triggered when the truck passes through tolls and will send out ID through GPRS

28. Gaming Advansys d.o.o Advansys d.o.o. – Based in Slovenia RCM2100
RCM2100 communicates with slot machine to send data back to a host PC to monitor player tracking
RCM2100
TCP/IP

29. Energy Management Energy ICT
Company is based in Belgium
Energy usage is sent back to host computer via Ethernet or GPRS

30. Energy Management Flagsol GMBH
Company is based in Germany.
The RCM3200 sends back information and controls the movement of the panels to optimize sun exposure

31. Dynamic C

32. Software Overview Complete development environment C Compiler
Advanced Editor
Debugger
Many libraries provided
Separate software modules available for purchase
Many sample programs provided

33. Philosophy Easy to use Provided with all development kits
Simple installation (both software and hardware)
“Hello, world” in 15 minutes
Gentle development process
Allows customers to be successful
Simple progression from prototype to complete application
Provided with all development kits

34. Debugging Features Editor with syntax highlighting Breakpoints
Single-stepping program execution
Variable tooltips
Stdio window
Watch expressions
Disassembled code
Register window
Stack window

35. Debugging Features (cont’d)
Function help system
Execution tracing
Memory dump
Stack trace

36. Libraries Standard libraries Processor features TCP/IP and networking
Many standard C functions are provided
Processor features
E.g., serial ports, quadrature decoder, etc.
TCP/IP and networking
TCP, UDP, DNS, FTP, HTTP, SMTP, POP3…
Extended memory support
Board-specific libraries

37. Sample Programs Samples range from very simple to complex
Over 800 samples total
Over 10 board-specific samples for product.
Over 200 TCP/IP Sample Programs
About 70 Module Samples

38. TCP/IP Support TCP/IP stack is included royalty-free
Includes web server, support, FTP, and socket-level programming
API is not BSD sockets-based
Our API is generally considered simpler
TCP Performance (44 MHz, 100BaseT)
Up to ~470 Kbyte/s reading
Up to ~600 Kbyte/s writing

39. Additional Software Modules
These software modules with Dynamic C increase functionality with select Rabbit Core modules
FAT File System – File Allocation Tables
PPP – Point to Point Protocol
SNMP – Simple Network Management Protocol
RabbitWeb – HTML interface with embedded applications
AES - Advanced Encryption Standard
SSL – Secure Sockets Layer
Library Encryption – For Development PC
RFU – Rabbit Field Utility allows binary image files generated by Dynamic C to be loaded to Rabbit targets without Dynamic C.
µC/OS-II Real-Time Kernel - Jean LaBrosse's popular real time kernel. This is a preemptive, prioritized kernel that allows 63 different tasks, flags, semaphores, mutex semaphores, queues, and message mail boxes.

40. Dynamic C Updates Dynamic C is now online for free
Includes previous versions to support customer development
Downloads require customer registration
Dynamic C is now split into 2 development trees
DC 9.xx supports Rabbit 2000 and Rabbit 3000
DC 10.xx supports Rabbit 4000 and Rabbit 5000
Dynamic C has integrated most of the separate modules
Includes FAT, Library Encryption, uC/OS-II (no book), PPP, RabbitWeb, SNMP, ModbusTCP
AES & SSL/TLS are now available for free download 40

41. Wireless Overview

42. RF Basics Basic Communication System Environment
Transmitter and Receiver
Transmitting Antenna
Receiving Antenna
Environment
Environment
Transmitter
Receiver
Antenna 1
Antenna 2

43. RF Essentials Maximizing Range Increase Transmitter (TX) Power
Increase Receiver (RX) Sensitivity
Specified in dBm
Every 6 dB doubles the range LOS
Every 12 dB doubles range indoors / urban environments
Increase
Power
Improve
RX Sensitivity
Gain

44. RF Basics Maximizing Range Increase Transmitter (TX) Power
Increase Receiver (RX) Sensitivity
Increase Antenna Gain
More gain equates with more focusing of energy
Antenna cables should be as short as possible
Increase
Power
Improve
RX Sensitivity
Gain

45. RF Basics Basic Communication System Transmitter and Receiver
Transmitting Antenna
Focused energy

46. RF Basics Basic Communication System Transmitter and Receiver
Transmitting Antenna
Receiving Antenna
Focused energy

47. RF Basics Clear the Environment Maximizing Range
Increase Transmitter (TX) Power
Improve Receiver (RX) Sensitivity
Increase Antenna Gain
Clear the Environment of obstructions
Visual (Linear) line-of-sight vs. RF (Radio) line-of-sight
Clear the
Environment
Increase
Power
Improve
RX Sensitivity
Gain

48. RF Basics Fresnel Zone Football-shaped path
Acceptable = 60% of Zone meters
Raise antennas to help clear the zone

49. MiniCore Wireless Web Server

50. RCM5600W Feature Overview Microprocessor Rabbit® 5000 at 74MHz
Upgradeable over the air w RPU
Full Wi-Fi Authentication i
Serial Flash Memory (program) 1MB
SRAM 1MB
General-Purpose I/O up to 32 parallel digital I/0 lines
6 high-speed, CMOS-compatible Serial Ports
all 6 configurable as asynchronous (with IrDA), 4 as clocked serial (SPI), and 2 as SDLC/HDLC
1 clocked serial port shared with programming port
Pulse-Width Modulators
4 channels synchronized PWM with 10-bit counter or 4 channels variable-phase or synchronized PWM with 16-bit counter
Power
3.15 V DC (min.) – 3.45 V DC (max.)
V while transmitting/receiving
V while not transmitting/receiving
Operating Temperature –30°C to +55°C
52-pin mini PCI Express socket

51. Security Terminology
WEP - This is the name given to the encryption scheme originally specified for bit and 128-bit encryption
WEP is being replaced due to the following flaws:
Changing keys is a nuisance.
Very easy to crack. There are several free programs available on the Internet.
WPA - The protocol implements the majority of the IEEE i standard, and was intended as an intermediate measure to take the place of WEP while i was prepared. Specifically, (TKIP), was brought into WPA.
WPA2 - Replaced WPA and implements the mandatory elements of i. In particular, it introduces a new AES-based algorithm, CCMP, which is considered fully secure. WPA2 certification is mandatory for all new devices to bear the Wi-Fi trademark.
WPA- and WPA2- Enterprise - The Wi-Fi alliance recognizes EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) types to its certification programs for WPA- and WPA2- Enterprise certification programs. This was to ensure that WPA-Enterprise certified products can interoperate with one another. Previously, only EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security) was certified by the Wi-Fi alliance.
The EAP types now included in the certification program are:
EAP-TLS
EAP-TTLS/MSCHAPv2
PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2
PEAPv1/EAP-GTC
EAP-SIM

52. Wireless Network Modes
Ad-hoc mode - Wireless devices communicate directly with each other. Also referred to as peer-to-peer mode.
Infrastructure mode - Wireless devices
communicate with each other by first going through an access point. This framework is most commonly used when provided access to a wired network.

53. Web development Simplified
Develop feature rich web applications on a Rabbit Core Module by utilizing proprietary RabbitWeb scripting extensions as well as the Yahoo! User Interface libraries.
Utilize the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern to simplify development and to illustrate building a richly interactive web application as seen below.

54. Libraries Needed #memmap xmem compiles all functions to xmem
#use "dcrtcp.lib"
#use "http.lib"
#use "xbee.lib"
#memmap xmem compiles all functions to xmem
– Good for TCP/IP programs
– Large TCP/IP functions can fill root code area
#use “http.lib” includes the web server
#use “dcrtcp.lib” Includes main TCP/IP libraries
– Must be present in all TCP/IP programs
– Configuration macros (TCP buffer sizes,
etc.) must occur before this statement
#use “xbee.lib” includes customized library from Application Kit

55. HTTP Server Library HTTP/1.0 Implementation
– Works with all major browsers
Serves both static and dynamic content
– CGI functions and RabbitWeb assist with
dynamic content
Filesystem support
Authentication (basic, digest) supported
HTTPS support with added module

56. HTTP Server Library
Static content is defined in compile-time data structures
– Resource table
– MIME types table
• Content can also be added and removed at run-time
• ZServer.lib manages resources for the HTTP and FTP servers
– Provides abstraction layer

57. Yahoo! User Interface Library
The YUI library is a set of utilities and controls, written in JavaScript, for building feature rich web interfaces.
Yahoo User Interactive libraries are a collection of free JavaScript and CSS resource files that are backed by Yahoo developers. YUI code is used and refined on pages viewed billions of times each day and is well documented, and supported by a growing community in the YUI forms
The Yahoo User Interface libraries can be downloaded from the web. There is also a great deal of documentation including videos, forums, tutorials, and over 230 functional examples on the YUI web site.

58. CGI Support
For dynamic content, Common Gateway Interface (CGI) functions can be used
When a CGI resource is loaded by the browser, the server gives control to a callback function
The callback function has complete control of the HTTP socket
Very flexible, but difficult to code
RabbitWeb provides a simpler model

59. CGI Basics
CGI functions. CGI stands for “Common Gateway Interface,” however this acronym has a more specific use in Dynamic C—
Refers to a C function that is called by the HTTP server to generate some dynamic content for the browser. This is the only truly optional block.
Many applications can be written without resorting to CGI functions; however, there are some cases where the power and flexibility of a CGI will be required.

60. CGI Functions int nodeDiscover_cgi(HttpState* s);
int terminal_cgi(HttpState* s);
int dioRead_cgi(HttpState* s);
int dioWrite_cgi(HttpState* s);
Use of the HttpState structure is necessary for CGI functions
CGI is a standard for interfacing external applications with HTTP servers. Each time a client requests an URL corresponding to a CGI program, the server will execute the CGI program in real-time.

61. RabbitWeb Goals Ease the chore of creating web interfaces
Enable choices about presentation tobe made in the HTML files, not code
Retain flexibility of web page design
Leverage web designers’ existing knowledge
Take ideas from server-oriented realm (e.g., PHP, ASP) and refashion to be appropriate to small embedded systems

62. Solution Develop light HTML scripting language (ZHTML)
Link variables in ZHTML with C variables
Enable simple error-checking of user input
Use ZHTML to report errors in user input
Restrict updates to specific users
Allow callbacks to be executed on user input

63. Bringing in Rabbit Web
{"myIO":[<?z for($A=0; $A < count($myIO,0); $A++) { ?>
<?z if($A > 0) { ?>,<?z } ?>
{"index":<?z echo($A) ?>,
"port":"<?z printf("0x%02X",$myIO[$A].port) ?>",
"bit":<?z echo($myIO[$A].bit) ?>,
"type":<?z echo($myIO[$A].type) ?>,
"value":<?z echo($myIO[$A].value) ?>,
"name":"<?z echo($myIO[$A].name) ?> }
<?z } ?>]}
RabbitWeb can reduce weeks or months of complex Common Gateway Interface (CGI) programming down to hours. Using RabbitWeb eliminates the need for CGI programming by handling the association of web variables to C variables and even allows for callback functions to be triggered when web variables are changed.
RabbitWeb is an ideal tool for simplifying the development of dynamic web interfaces.

64. RabbitWeb Compiler Extensions
{ struct
struct // AT COMMAND OPTIONS
{ int ct,gt,cc; // txtBox
int on,off; // button (writeOnly)
}at; // AT Command Options
}xb_type;
void atCallBack(); // callback function for at option changes
#web xB.at.ct (((2 <= $xB.at.ct) && ($xB.at.ct <= 0x028F))?1:ERR(NULL))
#web xB.at.gt (((1 <= $xB.at.gt) && ($xB.at.gt <= 0x0CE4))?1:ERR(NULL))
#web xB.at.cc // text box (0-0xFF)
#web xB.at.on (xb_atModeOn(xB.at.gt)>0?1:WEB_ERROR("on"))
#web_update xB.at.ct,xB.at.gt,xB.at.cc atCallBack
#web directive registers variables
C variable must have been previously declared
Optional error-checking expression (guard)
Optional “groups=” parameter imposes security limits

65. Creating an Ethernet to Zigbee Gateway

66. Fundamentals of ZigBee
Low Cost
Low Power
Security-enabled
Reliable
Initial Target Markets were AMR, Building Automation, and Industrial Automation (M2M Comms)

67. Wireless Data Applications Wireless Video Applications
ZigBee Protocol
Where Does ZigBee Fit?
Data Rate vs. Range vs. Battery Life (not shown)
Range
Voice
Video
Peak Data Rate
Closer
Farther
Slower
Faster
UWB
Wireless Data Applications
Wireless Video Applications
IrDA
802.11g
802.11b
802.11a
2.5G/3G
Monitoring
& Control
Bluetooth™
ZigBee™
Data
Transfer
Wireless Networking
Wi-Fi®
Cellular
<san juan> As we look at several short range technologies, you can see how they cover the gamut in key areas such as throughput and range. You will also notice that some technologies do overlap in these areas. In these instances we need to look at more than a few attributes as well as outside factors that can effect or decision. For example, Bluetooth tried to push into the WLAN space for Networking. It adopted a profile that supported TCP/IP and vendors developed access points. However, WLAN was already being deployed in the infrastructure and had better throughput and range – which were key attributes, so it won out and Bluetooth’s success in this area is very limited. 67

68. Wireless Standards Comparison68

69. ZigBee Protocol How Does ZigBee Work?
ZigBee is a Networking Protocol that Rides on Top of the IEEE Radio Protocol
ZigBee AF
ZigBee ZDO
ZigBee APS
ZigBee Network
<definition> ZigBee is a published specification set of high-level communication protocols for use with small, low-power modules. The ZigBee stack provides a layer of network functionality on top of the specification.
Network Layer – Routing, Joining, & Security
Application Support Layer (APS) – Data transmission, Device Binding and Discovery
Application Framework (AF) – Data transmission, Endpoint support, addressing
ZigBee Device Objects (ZDO) – Management and Discovery Services
MAC
PHY

70. 802.15.4 Protocol 802.15.4 Specifications Supported Networks
Point-Point
Point-Multipoint/Star
Types of Nodes
Coordinator
End Node
Reliable Delivery
CSMA/CA
MAC-level (pt-pt) Retries/Acknowledgments
64-bit IEEE and 16-bit short Addressing
16 DSSS RF Channels
ZigBee AF
ZigBee
ZDO
ZigBee APS
ZigBee Network
MAC
PHY
<definition> ZigBee is a published specification set of high-level communication protocols for use with small, low-power modules. The ZigBee stack provides a layer of network functionality on top of the specification.
For example, the mesh and routing capabilities available to ZigBee solutions are absent in the protocol.
The 1.00 version of the Specification is 378 pages long.
Here the yellow boxes are the MAC and PHY layers implemented under
CSMA = Carrier Sense Multiple Access, CA = Collision Avoidance

71. ZigBee Protocol ZigBee Specifications Supported Networks
Point-Point
Point-Multipoint/Star
MESH
Types of Nodes
Coordinator
End Node
ROUTER
Reliable Delivery
CSMA/CA
MAC-level (pt-pt) Retries/Acknowledgments
MESH NETWORK-level (multi-hop) Retries/ACKs
16 DSSS RF Channels
ZigBee AF
ZigBee
ZDO
ZigBee APS
ZigBee Network
MAC
PHY
<definition> ZigBee is a published specification set of high-level communication protocols for use with small, low-power modules. The ZigBee stack provides a layer of network functionality on top of the specification.
For example, the mesh and routing capabilities available to ZigBee solutions are absent in the protocol.
The 1.00 version of the Specification is 378 pages long.
Here the yellow boxes are the MAC and PHY layers implemented under

72. ZigBee Specifications
ZigBee Protocol
ZigBee Specifications
Addressing
64-bit IEEE Address
Unique to every device in the world
Permanent, assigned during mfg
16-bit Network Addressing
Unique to each module within a PAN
Used in Routing Tables
Used for data transmissions, etc.
Volatile Address - Can Change
ZigBee AF
ZigBee
ZDO
ZigBee APS
ZigBee Network
MAC
PHY
<definition> ZigBee is a published specification set of high-level communication protocols for use with small, low-power modules. The ZigBee stack provides a layer of network functionality on top of the specification.
For example, the mesh and routing capabilities available to ZigBee solutions are absent in the protocol.
The 1.00 version of the Specification is 378 pages long.
Here the yellow boxes are the MAC and PHY layers implemented under

73. Establishes/Organizes a PAN
ZigBee Protocol
ZigBee Nodes in a PAN (Personal Area Network)
End Device
Several can be in a PAN
Low power
Router
Optional
Mains-powered
Coordinator
One per PAN
Establishes/Organizes a PAN
<definition> Personal Area Network - A data communication network that includes a Coordinator and one or more Routers/End Devices. Net-work formation is governed by Network Maximum Depths, Network Maximum Routers and Network Maximum Children.
In the spec, they describe two types of nodes, FFD (Full-function Device), RFD (Reduced-function Device).

74. ZigBee Protocol Data Transmission terms
Unicast Mode – Guaranteed Delivery
64-bit IEEE Addressing
Destination 64-bit Address to match 64-bit source address of intended receiver.
16-bit Network Addressing
Destination 16-bit Address to match 16-bit source address of intended receiver
Packets can be sent and received using a 16-bit or a 64-bit address ( protocol). A unique 64-bit IEEE source address is assigned at the factory and can be read with the SL (Serial Number Low) and SH (Serial Number High) parameters.
To send a packet to a specific RF modem using 64-bit addressing, set the Destination Address (DL + DH) to match the Source Address (SL + SH) of the intended destination RF modem. To send a packet to a specific RF modem using 16-bit addressing, set the DL (Destination Address Low) parameter to the MY (Source Address) parameter and set the DH (Destination Address High) parameter to “0x ”

75. ZigBee Protocol PAN Network Formation
Coordinator must select an unused operating channel and PAN ID
Energy scan on all channels
Sends Beacon request (Broadcast PAN ID)
Listens to all responses and logs the results
After the Coordinator has started, it will allow nodes to join to it for a time based on the specified Node Join Time

76. Coordinator ZigBee Protocol Picks PAN ID Picks Channel
Assigns Addresses
Allows nodes to join network
<definition> Personal Area Network - A data communication network that includes a Coordinator and one or more Routers/End Devices. Net-work formation is governed by Network Maximum Depths, Network Maximum Routers and Network Maximum Children.
In the spec, they describe two types of nodes, FFD (Full-function Device), RFD (Reduced-function Device).

77. ZigBee Protocol
Coordinator
Picks Channel & PAN ID

78. ZigBee Protocol Router Startup
A new Router must locate a Router that has already joined a PAN or a Coordinator
Sends a Broadcast PAN ID on each channel
Returns sent via unicast
Router will then try to join to a Router or Coordinator that is allowing joining

79. ZigBee Protocol End node: Low-power Sleep Modes End Node Startup
A new End node must locate a Router that has already joined a PAN or a Coordinator
Sends a Broadcast PAN ID on each channel
Returns sent via unicast
End node will then try to join to a parent (Router or Coordinator) that is allowing joining

80. ZigBee Protocol Setting Up a New ZigBee Network
Automatically Done by Coordinator Upon:
Coordinator Powerup
Network Reset Command

81. ZigBee Protocol Setting Up a New ZigBee Network
A new Router must locate a Router that has already joined a PAN or a Coordinator
End Devices join a coordinator or other router.
End Devices cannot join to other end devices

82. ZigBee Protocol ZigBee Addressing 64-bit IEEE “Extended Address”
Set by manufacturer – permanent address
16-bit “Network Address”
Set by parent – can change

83. Details of the Demo Overview ZigBee & 802.15.4
Using Dynamic C XBee API
Utilizes the BL4S100 to act as the gateway
Web interface to a ZigBee Network
Using RabbitWeb
Using Yahoo! User Interface Library
3rd party tools for debugging
Now I am going to give you a brief overview on how the demo was developed
First I will then go over some of the Dynamic C API that is used to communicate with Xbee Znet 2.5 radios
Then I will talk about the basics of RabbitWeb
And how to use RabbitWeb with the Yahoo! User Interface libraries to create a feature rich web application
Lastly I will talk about some of the 3rd party tools that I use when developing

84. BL4S100 ZigBee Network Monitor
In order to determine if a router has been powered off, routers will send a heartbeat every ~4 seconds.
When the Coordinator receives the heartbeat it updates a time-to-live variable for that router.
This TTL is checked by the coordinator every 12 seconds and if it has been expired the router or end device image is removed.
The web interface will automatically and seamlessly update every 1 second.

85. BL4S100 ZigBee Control
Web interface is used to control I/O of routers and end devices
Can also monitor if routers are on and whether a button has been pressed

86. Questions!