1. Unit 1: Introduction to Anatomy
Test Review

2. Which term refers to the study of how an organ functions?
Physiology

3. A group of similar cells performing a specialized function is referred to as a(n)
Tissue

4. Cells are to tissues as tissues are to
Organs

5. Be able to describe anatomical position
Standing up
Feet facing forward
Arms at sides
Palms forward

6. Know your directional terms & which are alike & opposite
Anterior/Ventral vs Posterior/Dorsal
Superior vs Inferior
Medial vs Lateral

7. Which directional term refers to the back?
Posterior/Dorsal

8. The heart is ________ to the lungs?
Medial

9. In atatomical position, the wrist is ____________ to the elbow.
Distal

10. Which type of section divides the body into anterior & posterior portions?
Frontal/coronal

11. Visceral refers to
Internal organs

12. Which two cavities does the diaphragm separate?
Thoracic & abdominal

13. The liver would be found in which cavity?
Abdominal

14. The urinary bladder is found in which abdominopelvic region?
hypogastric

15. Stable internal conditions
Homeostasis refers to
Stable internal conditions

16. In which quadrant would the pain of acute appendicitis be felt?
Lower right quadrant

17. The study of the body's organization that considers the heart, blood and all of the associated blood vessels as a unit is called?
Systemic anatomy

18. The study of the body's organization by areas (the approach used in most medical schools) is called
Regional anatomy

19. X-rays, ultrasound, MRI, and other technologies used to create pictures of internal structures are examples of
Anatomical imaging

20. Cardiovascular/circulatory
Which organ systems is/are involved in transporting or exchanging gases in the body?
Respiratory
Cardiovascular/circulatory

21. The organ system that consists of the skin, hair, and nails, and protects the body and prevents water loss is the
Integumentary

22. The organ system that maintains tissue fluid balance, filters foreign material from blood and lymph, absorbs fats from the digestive tract, and combats disease is the
Lymphatic system

23. Chemical Organelle Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism
Given these structures: Organ, organelle, chemical, cell, organism, organ system, tissue Arrange the structures in the correct order from smallest to largest:
Chemical
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism

24. The organ system that consists of glands such as the pituitary and thyroid glands and is a major regulatory system is the
Endocrine system

25. The basic living unit of all plants and animals is the
Cell

26. What is a function of negative feedback mechanisms?
Maintain homeostasis

27. Chronic hypertension Childbirth
What are the two examples of a positive-feedback mechanisms given in class?
Chronic hypertension
Childbirth

28. Dorsal Posterior Superficial
From the anatomical position, the scapula (shoulder blade) is always _____ to the ribs
Dorsal
Posterior
Superficial

29. A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves is also correctly called the
Midsaggital plane

30. The term that would best describe an injury (lesion) of the upper arm is a(n)
Brachial lesion

31. A cut across the long axis of an organ at an angle other than a right angle is described as a(n)
Oblique section

32. The trunk of the body consists of the thorax, the abdomen, and the
Pelvis

33. The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the
Diaphragm

34. The mediastinum divides what?
The thoracic cavity into two parts

35. The heart is found in what cavities/structures?
Mediastinum
Thoracic cavity

36. The fluid found between serous membrane layers does what?
Reduces friction

37. Which of these statements about serous membranes is true. A
Which of these statements about serous membranes is true? A. Serous membranes line cavities that open to the outside of the body. B. Visceral serous membranes are in contact with internal organs. C. Retroperitoneal organs are surrounded by both parietal and visceral serous membranes. D. Serous membranes surround the pleural and peritoneal cavities, but not the pericardial cavity. E. All of these are true. B

38. The pericardial cavity contains ___.
Pericardial fluid

39. The kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, and urinary bladder are what type of organs?
Retroperitoneal

40. Abdominal Pelvic Pericardial
Given the cavities: 1. Abdominal cavity, 2. Pelvic cavity, 3. Oral cavity, 4. Pericardial cavity Which of these cavities are lined with serous membranes?
Abdominal
Pelvic
Pericardial

41. A girl is lying on her left side. Her right ear is _____ to her nose.
Posterior
Lateral

42. Differentiation occurs when
Some portions of DNA become (or remain active) while other portions become (or remain) inactive.

43. A negative feedback mechanism contains what three components?
Sensor
Control center
Effector

44. A feedback mechanism that takes the body away from homeostasis is
Positive feedback mechanism

45. A feedback mechanism that returns the body to homeostasis is
Negative feedback mechanism

46. In anatomic terms, the forearm is the _____ region and the fingers are the _____ region.
Antebrachial, digital

47. In anatomic terms, the posterior portion of the elbow is the ____ region.
olecranal

48. The dorsal body cavity contains what two cavities?
Cranial
Vertebral

49. The mediastinum, pleural, and pericardial cavities are contained within which trunk cavity?
thoracic

50. The coxal region refers to the
hip

51. The lowest level of organization in the body is the _______ level.
chemical

52. The upper and lower extremities compose the ________ portion of the body.
appendicular

53. Human somatic (body) cells contain the diploid number of chromosomes which is46

54. Mitosis results in what type of cells?
Two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

55. Divides the body into anterior & posterior parts (front & back)
Frontal Section
Divides the body into anterior & posterior parts (front & back)

56. Divides the body into right & left halves
Sagittal section
Divides the body into right & left halves

57. A cut across the long axis of an organ
Longitudinal section
A cut across the long axis of an organ

58. Divides the body into superior & inferior parts.
Transverse section
Divides the body into superior & inferior parts.
Divides an organ at right angles to the long axis

59. Oblique section
A cut across the axis of an organ at any angle other than a right angle

60. Surrounded by rib cage, bounded inferiorly by diaphragm
Thoracic cavity
Surrounded by rib cage, bounded inferiorly by diaphragm

61. Contains the bladder, enclosed by pelvic bones
Pelvic cavity
Contains the bladder, enclosed by pelvic bones

62. Contains liver, stomach, kidneys & spleen
Abdominal cavity
Contains liver, stomach, kidneys & spleen

63. Contains the heart, but not lungs
Pericardial cavity
Contains the heart, but not lungs

64. contains lungs, but not heart.
Pleural cavity
contains lungs, but not heart.