1. BECOMING A WORLD POWER (1872 - 1917)
CHAPTER 14
BECOMING A WORLD POWER
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2. WHAT IS IMPERIALISM?

3. 14.1 – THE IMPERIALIST VISION
Economic competition from foreign nations
Military competition from foreign nations
Feeling of superiority
WHAT WAS CHANGING IN THE LATE 1880S?

4. 14.1 – THE IMPERIALIST VISION (A DESIRE FOR NEW MARKETS)
Imperialism refers to the _______________ and political domination of a strong nation over weaker ones. Europeans were looking overseas for raw materials, new markets to sell their goods, and for places to invest their ________ . To protect their investments European nations began exerting their ________________ over those areas. Some areas became colonies while many others became ________________. The U.S. noticed this European expansion and many started pushing for American ________________.

5. 14.1 – THE IMPERIALIST VISION (A DESIRE FOR NEW MARKETS)
Imperialism refers to the economic and political domination of a strong nation over weaker ones. Europeans were looking overseas for raw materials, new markets to sell their goods, and for places to invest their capital. To protect their investments European nations began exerting their control over those areas. Some areas became colonies while many others became protectorates. The U.S. noticed this European expansion and many started pushing for American imperialism.

6. 14.1 – THE IMPERIALIST VISION (A FEELING OF SUPERIORITY)
Many Social Darwinists argued that nations competed with each other politically, economically, and _______________, and that only the strongest would survive. This justified American ___________ abroad. John ________ argued that English speaking nations had superior character, ideas, and systems of ______________; an idea known as Anglo - _______________. Many Americans linked this idea with that of __________________ Destiny. Another influential Anglo-Saxonist was the American minister named Josiah ____________.

7. 14.1 – THE IMPERIALIST VISION (A FEELING OF SUPERIORITY)
Many Social Darwinists argued that nations competed with each other politically, economically, and militarily, and that only the strongest would survive. This justified American influence abroad. John Fiske argued that English speaking nations had superior character, ideas, and systems of government; an idea known as Anglo - Saxonism. Many Americans linked this idea with that of Manifest Destiny. Another influential Anglo-Saxonist was the American minister named Josiah Strong.

8. 14.1 – THE IMPERIALIST VISION (BUILDING A MODERN NAVY)
In 1888 the U.S. risked war to prevent Germany from taking control of __________ in the South Pacific. In 1891 the U.S. threatened to go to war if ____________ did not pay reparations after a mob of Chileans attacked American __________. In 1895 the U.S. supported Venezuela against Great Britain over a dispute regarding British Guiana. As American interests and involvement overseas increased, so did the need for a large, modern navy. This belief was best exemplified in writings of Captain Alfred T. ____________, in which he laid out the benefits of a large navy. By the late 1890s, Congress was convinced of the need to _____________ a large, modern navy.

9. 14.1 – THE IMPERIALIST VISION (BUILDING A MODERN NAVY)
In 1888 the U.S. risked war to prevent Germany from taking control of Samoa in the South Pacific. In 1891 the U.S. threatened to go to war if Chile did not pay reparations after a mob of Chileans attacked American sailors. In 1895 the U.S. supported Venezuela against Great Britain over a dispute regarding British Guiana. As American interests and involvement overseas increased, so did the need for a large, modern navy. This belief was best exemplified in writings of Captain Alfred T. Mahan, in which he laid out the benefits of a large navy. By the late 1890s, Congress was convinced of the need to build a large, modern navy.

10. See pictorial timeline for details of the war
14.2 – SPANISH AMERICAN WAR
See pictorial timeline for details of the war

11. DEBATE OVER ANNEXATION
As a result of the war the U.S. had “acquired” Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, and Philippines?
Big question – what to the Philippines
Annex? Give independence?

12. TO ANNEX OR NOT TO ANNEX THE PHILIPPINES
SUPPORTERS OF ANNEXATION
OPPONENTS OF ANNEXATION
Military benefit
U.S. naval base in the Pacific
Economic benefit
Large market for American goods
Social/Moral obligation
Help the “less civilized”
Cost outweighs economic benefit
Cheap Filipino labor would drive down American wages
Goes against American principles

13. TREATY OF PARIS December 1898 – signed between Spain and U.S.
Cuba is independent
U.S. acquires Guam and Puerto Rico
U.S. pays Spain $20 million for Philippines (McKinley had decided to annex the Philippines)

14. CUBA - PLATT AMMENDMENT
Cuba could not make a treaty w/ another country that would weaken its independence
2. Cuba had to allow the U.S. to buy/lease naval bases in Cuba
Cuba’s debts had to be kept low (why?)
The U.S. had the right to intervene to protect Cuban independence

15. GOVERNING PUERTO RICO Foraker Act (1900)
PRs elect their legislature
Governor appointed by U.S. president
PRs are not U.S. citizens
1917 – PRs granted U.S. citizenship
1930s – elect their own governor

16. REBELLION IN THE PHILIPPINES
Philippine-American War breaks out and thousands die in the conflict
U.S. used some tactics the Spanish used in Cuba
1902 – war is declared over (U.S. “won “)
1946 – U.S. grants independence

17. 14.3 NEW AMERICAN DIPLOMACY
OPEN DOOR POLICY
China was weakening in the late 1800s
Nations established “spheres of influence” in China (this worried the U.S.)
McKinley & Hay construct the ODP – nations with spheres of influence would not discriminate against other nations wanting to do business with them in those spheres
The point was to ensure/protect economic opportunities for the U.S. in China

18. BOXER REBELLION Some Chinese were angry w/ too much Western influence
They took this out on foreigners by killing them and/or taking them prisoner
Hay asked foreign nations affected not to partition China into colonies
They agreed to accept compensation from China
Allowed U.S. to maintain “open” access to the Chinese market

19. ROOSEVELT’S DIPLOMACY
McKinley won the election of 1900 but was assassinated in 1901
TR became president
sought to increase American power on a global scale (economically, politically….)
U.S. had a duty to help “less civilized”

20. ROOSEVELT’S DIPLOMACY: EAST ASIA
TR supported the Open Door policy in China
Received Nobel Peace prize for negotiating an end to the Russo-Japanese War (1906)
(See graphic organizer for:
Panama Canal, Roosevelt Corollary, and Dollar Diplomacy)

21. WOODROW WILSON Wanted to focus on domestic policy
opposed imperialism, wanted to promote democracy
can you do both?

22. MEXICAN REVOLUTION 1911 – revolution erupts, led by Francisco Madero
1913 – new gov’t set up by General Victoriano Huerta after Madero was killed
By order of Huerta?
Huerta

23. WILSON & MEXICO
WW despised Huerta, refused to “recognize” the new gov’t
WW’s new policy – no American recognition for those who seize power unjustly
WW sends ships to intercept arms shipments to Huerta’s gov’t
WW orders the shelling of Veracruz and seizure of the city
New gov’t is installed but tension still exists

24. MEXICAN REVOLUTION
1916 – forces led by Pancho Villa carry out attacks, kill 16 Americans
WW sends in 6,000 under John Pershing, recalled in 1917 (failure or success?)
WW’s actions in Mexico damage U.S. image/foreign relations; seen as an imperialist by many
Wilson carries out other imperialist actions
Naval bases in Nicaragua (1914)
Sends Marines into Haiti (1915)
Sends troops into the Dominican Republic (1916)
Pancho Villa