1. DLP Projector
※본자료는 사내용으로 TI사의 발표장표에서 일부 발췌하였습니다.

2. Agenda What is DMD? DLP projector
- Why should we choice DLP projector?
- Optical configurations
- Optical elements
3. How it works?
- FSC
- SCR

3. 1. What is DMD ? DMD: Digital Micromirror Device
Beginning to be developed by sight change according to the movement of Rear View Mirror
Number of moving parts (SVGA) to >1.3 (TBA) million
Mechanical motion Makes discrete contacts or landings
Lifetime up to 100,000 hrs
Address voltage volt CMOS technology
Mechanical elements Aluminum
Process Low temperature, sputter deposition,
plasma etch (standard SC processes)
Package (Type A) Optical, hermetic, welded lid
Mirror
Address Electrode
Yoke
Bias/Reset Bus
Metal Address Pads
Tilting Angle: ±10˚ ±12˚

4. 1. What is DMD ?
Expressing light and shade by changes of selected light by path Mirror Tilting
Expressing Gray level by times taken for path change

5. 2. DLP Projector – Why should we choice DLP projector?
Image Quality
- Pixelization (fill factor)
DLP= ‘Seamless’, Filmlike
LCD= Grainy, Pixellated
- Contrast Ratio
DLP= simple optics: easier light management
LCD= complex optics: more difficult light management
- Sharpness (color alignment)
DLP= no misalignment
LCD= misalignment likely over time
- Video Quality
DLP= fast switching: minimal ‘lag’ (few μs)
LCD= slow switching: significant ‘lag’ (tens of ms)  smearing for fast moving video
DLP™ = large ‘active’ area
LCD = smaller ‘active’ area
DLP™
LCD

6. 2. DLP Projector – Why should we choice DLP projector?
- Color Quality
DLP= can match any LCD color gamut
LCD= can’t match any DLP color gamut
R,G,B Bandwidth is depend on each color because of non-sequential system
- Smallest & Brightest
DLP= simple optical system,
good reflectivity
LCD= complex optical system
wavelength
DLPTM
wavelength
LCD
DLPTM
LCD

7. 2. DLP Projector – Why should we choice DLP projector?
Repeatable Performance (digital accuracy)
DLP= digital: precise control, constant performance over time
LCD= analog: variable (affected by temperature, vibration, heat, humidity),
deterioration over time
Reliable
- Superior thermal characteristics
DLP= reflects heat
LCD= absorbs heat, performance degrades
- LCD panel degrades as a function of both time and use
- DMDs have shown consistent robust performance over time with up to 100,000
hours lifetime
Start
LCD
DLP

8. 2. DLP Projector – Optical configurations
Number of DMD
1 Chip DLP
3 Chip DLP

9. 2. DLP Projector – Optical Configurations
TIR prism
Non TIR Prism DLP
TIR Prism DLP

10. 2. DLP Projector – Optical Configurations
TIR prism
Non TIR Prism DLP
TIR Prism DLP

11. 2. DLP Projector – Optical elements
TIR Prism (Total Internal Reflection)
DMD Panel
Condenser Lens C3 (Aspherical Surface)
Mirror
Projection Lens
Condenser Lens C2
Condenser Lens C1
Integrating Rod
Reflector (Elliptical Surface)
Color Drum (R,G,B,W segment)
※Color Wheel
Lamp
Aperture
Front Glass (UV Cut Coating)

12. 2. DLP Projector – Optical elements
(1) Lamp & Reflector
a. Output Voltage
- AC Type : PHILIPS, OSRAM, IWASAKI, THOSHIBA ….
- DC Type : USHIO …
b. Reflector
- Elliptical Type : Almost of all DLP Projector
Smallest size= Φ33mm, ‘Bami’ lamp made by Philips
- Parabolic Type : Used with condensor lens . Some of AV Projector
Elliptical Reflector
Parabolic Reflector

13. 2. DLP Projector – Optical elements
(2) UV Cut Filter
- UV causes heat for some parts . (Coating, Plastic, Bonding)
- On UV Cut Coating, Try not to make the reflected light be concentrated on one point of UV Lamp
Reflected UV light
Material: Borofloat + UV Coating

14. Light Distribution from the input Light Distribution from the output
2. DLP Projector – Optical elements
(3) Rod Integrator
- through internal reflects, it makes uninformative incident light distribution “rectangular uninformative light”
Type: Solid Rod – Glass or Plastic
Light Tunnel – Mirror in
out
Avd: good transmission. Strong against heat
DisAvd: easy to broken, easy to get dust , long
Avd: easy to install, dust free, Short
DisAvd: less transmission, weak for heat
Light Distribution from the input
Light Distribution from the output

15. < SCR Color Drum >
2. DLP Projector – Optical elements
(3) Color Drum & Wheel
Optical instrument filtering color by Color Filter assembled with Motor \
< Color Drum >
< Color Wheel >
< SCR Color Drum >

16. 2. DLP Projector – Optical elements
(4) Illumination Lenses
It guides lights from Rod Integrator into valid dimensions of DMD f1 f2 h h’ θ θ’ t L1 L2
(m)= h’ / h
= f2 / f1
(t)= 2*(f1+f2) L1 L2 R1 R4 R5 R6 R2 R3
< JT30 >
f1 = 9.53, f2 = 22.79
※ m = 2.39배

17. 2. DLP Projector – Optical elements
(5) Mirror
It changes light path or controls light position on DMD

18. 2. DLP Projector – Optical elements
(5) (TIR Prism)
Using air gaps between two prism, it makes selective reflect of transmission in
out
out in
air gap
air gap
<in : reflect, out : transmission>
<in : transmission, out : Reflect >
DMD Panel
TIR Prism
TIR Prism
DMD Panel

19. 2. DLP Projector – Optical elements
(5) Projection Lens
It transmit Active Area of DMD on Screen
Fixed Focus Lens – Cannot control the zoom in Fixed distance
Variable Focus Lens (Zoom Lens) – Can control the screen size with zoom in Fixed distance
< Telecentric Type Zoom Lens>
< Converging Type Zoom Lens >
Screen
Screen
DMD
DMD
Used in DLP Engine with TRI Prism
Used DLP Engine with Non-TIR Prism

20. 3. How it works? – FSC Color Filtering by Rotating of Color Wheel
(단 DLP에서 White Peaking Mode=0인 경우) 그러므로 순색을 표현할 수 있는 시간이 길면
길 수록 Gray Ramp의 표현이 부드러워지고 순색의 밝기 또한 증가한다.
time for one field
Pure G time
Pure W time
Pure R time
Pure B time
Mixed Color time
Mixed Color time
Mixed Color time
Mixed Color time

21. 3. How it works? – FSC Operation ※FSC=Field Sequential Color
Lighting on DMD in timely sequence
In case of transmitting Red Filter, Green and Blue is reflected and is useless
Blue and Green light turned into heat
Color Wheel
Red light transmitted 33% efficiency

22. 3. How it works? – FSC Brief Brightness Estimation
1) RGB Segment ( W=1, R:G:B Intensity= 1/3, R:G:B segment size= 1:1:1)
R = 1/3 G = B = 1/3
RGB size = 1/3 : Wo = R/3 + G/3 + B/3 = 0.333
2) RGB Segment ( W=1, R:G:B Intensity= 1/3, R:G:B:W segment size= 1:1:1:1)
R = 1/3 G = B = 1/3
W = 1
RGB size = 1/4 Wo = R/4 + G/4 + B/4 + W/4 = 0.500

23. 3. How it works? – SCR Operation ※SCR= Sequential Color Recapture
Scroll Lighting Whole RGB on DMD in timely sequence
Reflected RGB is re-reflected by Integrating Rod IN and transmitted by RGB Filter
RGB Filter에 의해 CMY색은 해당 RGB색을 투과되고 나머지 RGB색은 다시 반사된다.
RGB색이 투과하고 CMY색은 반사되어 Integrating Rod의 입사측으로 되돌아간다.
Integrating Rod의 출사측에 Color Filter가 위치하며, 출사면의 Size안에 RGB Segment를 모두 포함한다
Integrating Rod에 입사된 백색광은 RGB Segment Filter에 의해 해당 RGB색은 투과된다.
반사된 CMY색은 Integrating Rod의 입사측의 Mirror면에 의해 다시 RGB Filter에 입사하게 된다.

24. 3. How it works? – SCR Brief Brightness Estimation
Integrating Rod : Total size vs Hole Size ratio = 0.5
Total size Input vs Hole Input Intensity Ratio = 0.85
RGB Segment ( Wi=1, R:G:B Intensity= 1/3, R:G:B segment size= 1:1:1)
R = first transmission R(0.85*1/3) + G,B reflected MY of re-reflected R(0.85*0.5*2/3*1/3*2)
= 0.472
G,B is same as above G=B= 0.472
RGB size = 1/3 Wo = R/3 + G/3 + B/3 = 0.472
2) RGB Segment ( W=1, R:G:B Intensity= 1/3, R:G:B:W segment size= 1:1:1:1)
R = first transmission R(0.85*1/3) + G,B reflected MY of re-reflected R(0.85*0.5*2/4*1/3*2)
= 0.425
G,B is same as above G = B = 0.425
W = 1
RGB size = 1/4 Wo = R/4 + G/4 + B/4 + W/4 = 0.569