1. Bellwork: Monday 5/21/2012 What causes a compass to behave as it does?
Earth’s gravity
Earth’s shape
Earth’s geographic north pole
Earth’s magnetic field
Magnetic poles that are alike
attract each other
repel each other
do not interact
have the same shape
As in the case of unlike magnetic poles, unlike electric charges
exist in pairs
Earth’s magnetic field…causes a compass to behave as it does
Magnetic poles that are alike…repel each other
Unlike electric charges...attract each other

2. Packet 16, Pg 1- History of Magnetism
2000+ years ago
Greeks near the city of Magnesia found strange and rare stones with the power to attract iron—called them magnetite (Fe3O4)
Lodestone- naturally magnetized piece of magnetite
1000 years ago
Chinese stroked a steel needle with “lodestone” (‘lode’ means to lead or to attract) and it became "magnetic" as well.
When freely suspended, it pointed north-south. The magnetic compass soon spread to Europe. 

3. Christopher Columbus- 1492
Used a compass when he crossed the Atlantic ocean
His observations:
the compass needle strayed slightly from exact north
as indicated by the stars
the variation changed during the voyage

4. But, they did not understand how it worked!
What’s happening?
Basically, people knew the magnetism existed, and learned useful applications for it.
But, they did not understand how it worked!
500 years ago
William Gilbert, physician to Queen Elizabeth I of England, proposed an explanation:
“The Earth itself is a giant magnet, with its magnetic poles some distance away from its geographic poles”
Geographic poles- the points defining the axis around which the Earth turns

5. Safety with Magnets Magnets should not be held near these things:
Credit cards
Magnetic I.D. cards
TV or VCR
Computer monitor
Floppy computer discs
Cassette Tapes/ Video Tapes
Tape Recorders
Radio
Any Speakers
A magnet will harm most electrical devices!!!

6. Using Magnetism for Evil?!
Magneto is a powerful mutant with the ability to generate and control electromagnetic forces.
He can shape and manipulate magnetic fields that exist naturally or artificially.
Magneto has been the X-Men's most prominent enemy ever since his first appearance.

7. Magnetic Force
4.5- TSW DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING FORCE: MAGNETISM.
6.14- TSW DEMONSTRATE THE PROPERTIES THAT CAN BE USED TO IDENTIFY MATTER: MAGNETISM.
Magnetism- physical property of a substance; the force of attraction or repulsion of magnetic materials
Force is stronger than gravitational force (allows us to pick up objects using a magnet )
Magnetic fields:
Can be mapped
More field lines indicates the strength of the magnet in that area
Strongest near the poles 
Stronger closer to the magnet than further away.
7.20- TSW DEMONSTRATE THAT THE STRENGTH OF THE MAGNETIC FORCE DEPENDS ON THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE MAGNET AND OBJECTS.

8. Properties of Magnets S N S N S N S N
All magnets have two opposite poles.
No matter how small or broken, each piece will have its own positive and negative pole. 
There are no unpaired poles.  Poles have been labeled as north and south.
A magnet is capable of producing an electric current.
When poles get near each other, they exert magnetic forces on each other
Magnetic poles that are alike repel each other.
Magnetic poles that are different attract each other. S N S N S N

9. Magnetism
Paramagnetism - When a paramagnetic material is placed near a magnet, it will be attracted to the region of greater magnetic field
Exhibited by: materials containing transition elements, rare earth elements and actinide elements 
Diamagnetism - When a diamagnetic material is placed near a magnet, it will be repelled from the region of greater magnetic field
Exhibited by: all common materials, but is very weak
Ex. People, frogs
Ex. Metals such as bismuth, copper, gold, silver and lead, as well as many nonmetals such as water

10. "Magnetic Man" Malaysia, Liew Thow Lin, 70 years old
Has the ability to make metal objects stick to his skin.
After reading an article about a family in Taiwan who possessed such power, he says he took several iron objects and put them on his abdomen, and to his surprise, all the objects including an iron, stuck on his skin and didn't fall down.
Pulled a car 20m along a level surface by means of an iron chain hooked to an iron plate on his midriff
Since this "gift'' is also present in three of his sons and two grandchildren, he figures it's hereditary.

11. The boy with the magnetic personality
May 11, 2011
Six-year-old Croatian, Ivan Stoiljkovic, can stick metal objects to his body such as: spoons, mobile phones and even frying pans
Reality: Doctors say he's ability is related to suction properties in his skin and not to magnetic force but anyway what he can do is very impressive.

12. 3 Types of Magnets
Natural (Permanent) Magnet- A magnet that retains its magnetization after removal from a magnetic field.
Can occur naturally.
Lodestone is a natural permanent magnet.
Can produce forces at all times
Earth produces a magnetic field due to molten iron in core and spinning of the earth
Permanent magnets can be damaged from extreme heat and dropping

13. Permanent Magnets
Each atom in a ferromagnetic material like iron is like a little magnet.
These magnets are all aligned in tiny regions called “domains”.
At high temps these “domains” can align in the presence of an external field (like Earth’s) leaving a permanent magnet.
Lets melt the iron, and bring in a magnetic field.
Temp
Now, when we let the solid cool down, and take away the external magnetic field, we have formed a permanent magnet in the same direction as external field.
Melting point
Domains
Bar Magnet

14. 3 types of magnets
2. Temporary Magnet- only have magnetic properties for a short period of time, after exposure to a permanent magnet
Iron—composed of molecules (domains)
All different directions = no magnetic force or pull
All lined up in one direction = force to pull things towards them

15. Groups of atoms join so that their magnetic fields are all going in the same direction These areas of atoms are called “domains”
An unmagnetized substance looks like:
While a magnetized substance looks like:

16. 1. Impact (hit it) 2. Heat it 3. Electricity
How to demagnetize a magnet:
1. Impact (hit it)
2. Heat it
3. Electricity
This causes the domains to become random again!

17. 3 types of Magnets
3. Electromagnet- temporary magnet, made by coiling wire around a piece of soft iron.
7.18- TSW PROVIDE EVIDENCE THAT ELECTRIC CURRENTS CAN PRODUCE MAGNETIC FORCES.
7.19- TSW PROVIDE EVIDENCE THAT MAGNETS CAN CAUSE ELECTRIC CURRENTS.
When an electric current is passed through the wire, a magnetic field is produced.
The field magnetizes the iron core by aligning domains within the iron.

18. Bellwork: Tuesday 5/22/2012 Attract  Attract  Repel  S N S N S N
What happens if a magnet breaks in half?
One half has a north pole only, and one half has a south pole only
Neither half will have a pole
Each half will be a new magnet, with both a north and south pole
Neither half will attract or repel.
Draw arrows to show if the cars attract or repel each other. On the space to the right, write the word that describes the action of the cars (attract or repel).
The region around a magnet where the magnetic force is exerted is known as its
magnetic pole
magnetic field
magnetic domain
Magnetism can be considered a
nuclear property
physical property
chemical property
A temporary magnet
keeps its magnetism for a long time
cannot be destroyed
easily loses its magnetism
Attract 
Attract 
Repel  S N S N S N

19. What on Earth is a Cow Magnet?
Magnets come in many shapes and sizes, but the cow magnet was invented to solve a very serious problem of dairy farmers.
When the cow grazes, it often consumes and swallows small pieces of iron: baling and barbed wire, staples, nails, and other metallic objects.
These objects are indigestible and lodge in the reticulum and cause inflammation.
This results in lower milk production (for dairy cattle) or lower weight gain (for feeder stock).
This condition is called hardware disease.
Solution: A rancher/ farmer feeds a magnet to each calf at branding time; the magnet settles in the rumen or reticulum and remains there for the life of the animal.
The cow magnet attracts such objects and prevents them from becoming lodged in the animal's tissue. While the resultant mass of iron remains in the cow's rumen as a sort of bezoar, it does not cause the severe problems of hardware disease.
One small cow magnet can help a cow for her whole life!

20. Magnetic Fields- pg. 3 Procedure:
Place a magnet into a tray, put a piece of paper over the magnet.
Lightly sprinkle iron filings on and around the magnet, gently tap the paper.
Observe the formation around the magnets, and sketch what you see.
Types of Demonstration:
One magnet
Two magnets- Attracting
Two magnets- Repelling

21. Mapping Magnetic Fields
One Magnet
Two Magnets- Attracting
Two Magnets- Repelling N S N S N S N S S N

22. MAGNETIC FIELDS- One Magnet
This picture demonstrates what occurs when one magnet is placed on paper, and iron filings are sprinkled around it.

23. MAGNETIC FIELDS- Two Magnets Attracting
This picture has two magnets placed on a piece of paper with their opposite poles facing each other, and iron filings are sprinkled around them.

24. MAGNETIC FIELDS- Two Magnets Repelling
Pictured here are two magnets placed on a piece of paper with their like poles facing each other, and iron filings are sprinkled around them.

25. Like poles repel…
Opposite poles attract!

26. The Earth’s magnetic field extends far into space
The Earth’s magnetic field extends far into space. It is called the “magnetosphere.”
When the magnetic particles from the sun, called “solar wind”, strike this magnetosphere, we see a phenomenon called…

27. The Aurora Borealis in the Northern HemisphereAnd the Aurora Australis in the Southern Hemisphere

28. Tuesday 5/22/12
Magic of Magnets - 15 minutes

29. Bellwork: Wednesday 5/23/2012
True / False. You can see magnetic fields without assistance.
By looking at magnetic field patterns, you can tell where the magnetic forces are the strongest. Where are you looking and what do you see?
You can tell by these lines whether the magnets are (A) attracting, or (B) repelling. What would each look like??—sketch and describe.
False. Magnetic fields are invisible (until you use iron filings to help map them!).
Magnetic force is strongest at the poles.
Where all of the lines converge/intersect
Where the lines are most concentrated
(A) Attracting- lots of lines connecting between them
(B) Repelling- lines do not interact or touch—nothing observed between the magnets

30. Electricity/Magnetism Videos
How Electricity is Created from Magnets
9.15- Start 3.50 end 6.18
Electricity_and_Magnetism__Current_Electricity 16.58
Start .36 end 7.29

31. Energy Unit Test Corrections
You only need ONE sheet
Use an extra sheet of paper for more corrections
Rest of class
Plenty of time so EVERYBODY will be turning in test corrections.
If you don’t turn them in – you will LOSE points!
Weren’t actually two versions so…you can work with anybody!
To do more test corrections, get on to the website at the top of the page to access the test.

32. Wednesday 5/23/12 Understanding Magnetism Video 50 minutes
Complete ½ page quiz as you watch on pg. 3 in Packet 15