1. Common Leniency Waiver Template and Waiver-less Information Sharing
2013 ICN Cartel Workshop
Candice LEE, Competition Commission of Singapore
Takujiro KONO, Japan Fair Trade Commission
Dragomir ILIEV, European Commission

2. Waiver-less information sharing
<Part I>
Waiver-less information sharing
Based on the very broad survey on international enforcement cooperation, the OECD report presented various kinds of future work on how to improve the degree and quality of international cooperation. Those future works were categorized into three suggestions.
First suggestion is to Maximize the effectiveness and benefits of cooperation within the existing legal and practical constraints.
The second suggestion is to Improve the existing system of cooperation by addressing the effect of existing legal and practical constraints on cooperation.
The third suggestion is to Improve interactions between enforcers, establish contacts and develop procedures and best practices for more effective relationships.
The first suggestion is to seek the best utilization of the existing legal and practical conditions, but the second suggestion is to seek addressing the existing legal and practical constraints.
The third suggestion may partly overlap with the first direction but it is also to seek practical activities based on the existing constraints.
Considering the OECD’s strength of rulemaking by member governments and the ICN’s character of practicality and broad membership, it might be fair that the OECD will mainly focus on the second suggestion and the ICN will seek the first and the third suggestions.
Actually, (already presented by Mr. Capobianco,) OECD’s future work for international enforcement cooperation will follow on this line.

3. OECD/ICN Survey on International Competition Enforcement Co-operation, 2013
Based on the very broad survey on international enforcement cooperation, the OECD report presented various kinds of future work on how to improve the degree and quality of international cooperation. Those future works were categorized into three suggestions.
First suggestion is to Maximize the effectiveness and benefits of cooperation within the existing legal and practical constraints.
The second suggestion is to Improve the existing system of cooperation by addressing the effect of existing legal and practical constraints on cooperation.
The third suggestion is to Improve interactions between enforcers, establish contacts and develop procedures and best practices for more effective relationships.
The first suggestion is to seek the best utilization of the existing legal and practical conditions, but the second suggestion is to seek addressing the existing legal and practical constraints.
The third suggestion may partly overlap with the first direction but it is also to seek practical activities based on the existing constraints.
Considering the OECD’s strength of rulemaking by member governments and the ICN’s character of practicality and broad membership, it might be fair that the OECD will mainly focus on the second suggestion and the ICN will seek the first and the third suggestions.
Actually, (already presented by Mr. Capobianco,) OECD’s future work for international enforcement cooperation will follow on this line.

4. Type of Information (OECD/ICN Survey)
Five broad categories
Public available information
Non-public agency information
Confidential information
Leniency applicant information cannot generally be shared, and certainly not without a waiver
Exceptions exist, (i) confidentiality waivers, (ii) national legislations (so-called information gateway), (iii) regional cooperation networks and (iv) bilateral agreements
Non-confidential, case-related information
Decisions after publication
Based on the very broad survey on international enforcement cooperation, the OECD report presented various kinds of future work on how to improve the degree and quality of international cooperation. Those future works were categorized into three suggestions.
First suggestion is to Maximize the effectiveness and benefits of cooperation within the existing legal and practical constraints.
The second suggestion is to Improve the existing system of cooperation by addressing the effect of existing legal and practical constraints on cooperation.
The third suggestion is to Improve interactions between enforcers, establish contacts and develop procedures and best practices for more effective relationships.
The first suggestion is to seek the best utilization of the existing legal and practical conditions, but the second suggestion is to seek addressing the existing legal and practical constraints.
The third suggestion may partly overlap with the first direction but it is also to seek practical activities based on the existing constraints.
Considering the OECD’s strength of rulemaking by member governments and the ICN’s character of practicality and broad membership, it might be fair that the OECD will mainly focus on the second suggestion and the ICN will seek the first and the third suggestions.
Actually, (already presented by Mr. Capobianco,) OECD’s future work for international enforcement cooperation will follow on this line.

5. Definition of Confidential Information (OECD/ICN Survey)
What is “confidential” or “non-confidential”
No commonly agreed definition at the international level
Different definitions within the same jurisdiction
Merger control law
Provisions on behavioural conduct
Based on the very broad survey on international enforcement cooperation, the OECD report presented various kinds of future work on how to improve the degree and quality of international cooperation. Those future works were categorized into three suggestions.
First suggestion is to Maximize the effectiveness and benefits of cooperation within the existing legal and practical constraints.
The second suggestion is to Improve the existing system of cooperation by addressing the effect of existing legal and practical constraints on cooperation.
The third suggestion is to Improve interactions between enforcers, establish contacts and develop procedures and best practices for more effective relationships.
The first suggestion is to seek the best utilization of the existing legal and practical conditions, but the second suggestion is to seek addressing the existing legal and practical constraints.
The third suggestion may partly overlap with the first direction but it is also to seek practical activities based on the existing constraints.
Considering the OECD’s strength of rulemaking by member governments and the ICN’s character of practicality and broad membership, it might be fair that the OECD will mainly focus on the second suggestion and the ICN will seek the first and the third suggestions.
Actually, (already presented by Mr. Capobianco,) OECD’s future work for international enforcement cooperation will follow on this line.

6. Non-confidential info exchange
(OECD/ICN Survey)
Exchange of (i)non-confidential info and (ii) internal agency info  Frequently occurs
Case discussions: market definition, assessment of competitive effects potential remedies, basis of fine, etc.
Practical limitations  Limit the effectiveness
language, resource, different timing of investigations
Based on the very broad survey on international enforcement cooperation, the OECD report presented various kinds of future work on how to improve the degree and quality of international cooperation. Those future works were categorized into three suggestions.
First suggestion is to Maximize the effectiveness and benefits of cooperation within the existing legal and practical constraints.
The second suggestion is to Improve the existing system of cooperation by addressing the effect of existing legal and practical constraints on cooperation.
The third suggestion is to Improve interactions between enforcers, establish contacts and develop procedures and best practices for more effective relationships.
The first suggestion is to seek the best utilization of the existing legal and practical conditions, but the second suggestion is to seek addressing the existing legal and practical constraints.
The third suggestion may partly overlap with the first direction but it is also to seek practical activities based on the existing constraints.
Considering the OECD’s strength of rulemaking by member governments and the ICN’s character of practicality and broad membership, it might be fair that the OECD will mainly focus on the second suggestion and the ICN will seek the first and the third suggestions.
Actually, (already presented by Mr. Capobianco,) OECD’s future work for international enforcement cooperation will follow on this line.

7. Competition Commission of Singapore (CCS) - Formal Cooperation
Obligations pursuant to Free Trade Agreements
Provisions requiring signatories to cooperate in the development of any new competition measures and information exchange
Mechanism in the Singapore Competition Act
CCS may enter into arrangements with foreign competition bodies to provide assistance and furnish to the other party information required by the other party for the purpose of performing its functions.
Based on the very broad survey on international enforcement cooperation, the OECD report presented various kinds of future work on how to improve the degree and quality of international cooperation. Those future works were categorized into three suggestions.
First suggestion is to Maximize the effectiveness and benefits of cooperation within the existing legal and practical constraints.
The second suggestion is to Improve the existing system of cooperation by addressing the effect of existing legal and practical constraints on cooperation.
The third suggestion is to Improve interactions between enforcers, establish contacts and develop procedures and best practices for more effective relationships.
The first suggestion is to seek the best utilization of the existing legal and practical conditions, but the second suggestion is to seek addressing the existing legal and practical constraints.
The third suggestion may partly overlap with the first direction but it is also to seek practical activities based on the existing constraints.
Considering the OECD’s strength of rulemaking by member governments and the ICN’s character of practicality and broad membership, it might be fair that the OECD will mainly focus on the second suggestion and the ICN will seek the first and the third suggestions.
Actually, (already presented by Mr. Capobianco,) OECD’s future work for international enforcement cooperation will follow on this line.

8. CCS - Informal Cooperation
Initiative with some agencies to align leniency processes
Frequent dialogues with the ACCC and NZCC
Sharing of knowledge and experience - in the area of enforcement, valuable leads have been generated through such information sharing initiatives
Informal enforcement network between ASEAN, ACCC and NZCC
ASEAN Experts Group in Competition
Regular participant at international conferences and workshops on cartel enforcement by OECD, ICN, BRICs
Based on the very broad survey on international enforcement cooperation, the OECD report presented various kinds of future work on how to improve the degree and quality of international cooperation. Those future works were categorized into three suggestions.
First suggestion is to Maximize the effectiveness and benefits of cooperation within the existing legal and practical constraints.
The second suggestion is to Improve the existing system of cooperation by addressing the effect of existing legal and practical constraints on cooperation.
The third suggestion is to Improve interactions between enforcers, establish contacts and develop procedures and best practices for more effective relationships.
The first suggestion is to seek the best utilization of the existing legal and practical conditions, but the second suggestion is to seek addressing the existing legal and practical constraints.
The third suggestion may partly overlap with the first direction but it is also to seek practical activities based on the existing constraints.
Considering the OECD’s strength of rulemaking by member governments and the ICN’s character of practicality and broad membership, it might be fair that the OECD will mainly focus on the second suggestion and the ICN will seek the first and the third suggestions.
Actually, (already presented by Mr. Capobianco,) OECD’s future work for international enforcement cooperation will follow on this line.

9. CCS - Domestic Safeguards
Formal cooperation agreements with other jurisdictions subject to confidentiality obligations
Access to documents only at the PID stage with relevant redactions for confidential information.
Necessary waivers from leniency applicants must be obtained before CCS proceeds to discuss information with other authorities.
Based on the very broad survey on international enforcement cooperation, the OECD report presented various kinds of future work on how to improve the degree and quality of international cooperation. Those future works were categorized into three suggestions.
First suggestion is to Maximize the effectiveness and benefits of cooperation within the existing legal and practical constraints.
The second suggestion is to Improve the existing system of cooperation by addressing the effect of existing legal and practical constraints on cooperation.
The third suggestion is to Improve interactions between enforcers, establish contacts and develop procedures and best practices for more effective relationships.
The first suggestion is to seek the best utilization of the existing legal and practical conditions, but the second suggestion is to seek addressing the existing legal and practical constraints.
The third suggestion may partly overlap with the first direction but it is also to seek practical activities based on the existing constraints.
Considering the OECD’s strength of rulemaking by member governments and the ICN’s character of practicality and broad membership, it might be fair that the OECD will mainly focus on the second suggestion and the ICN will seek the first and the third suggestions.
Actually, (already presented by Mr. Capobianco,) OECD’s future work for international enforcement cooperation will follow on this line.

10. Challenges in Information Sharing: Waiver-less Sharing
Benefits of information sharing in investigations
Alerts CCS to existence of documents, which CCS can then request from parties
Limitations: Compliance with legal standards and confidentiality rules across jurisdictions
Similarity of legal standards being a pre-condition for information sharing
E.g. CCS experience – privilege against self-incrimination
Based on the very broad survey on international enforcement cooperation, the OECD report presented various kinds of future work on how to improve the degree and quality of international cooperation. Those future works were categorized into three suggestions.
First suggestion is to Maximize the effectiveness and benefits of cooperation within the existing legal and practical constraints.
The second suggestion is to Improve the existing system of cooperation by addressing the effect of existing legal and practical constraints on cooperation.
The third suggestion is to Improve interactions between enforcers, establish contacts and develop procedures and best practices for more effective relationships.
The first suggestion is to seek the best utilization of the existing legal and practical conditions, but the second suggestion is to seek addressing the existing legal and practical constraints.
The third suggestion may partly overlap with the first direction but it is also to seek practical activities based on the existing constraints.
Considering the OECD’s strength of rulemaking by member governments and the ICN’s character of practicality and broad membership, it might be fair that the OECD will mainly focus on the second suggestion and the ICN will seek the first and the third suggestions.
Actually, (already presented by Mr. Capobianco,) OECD’s future work for international enforcement cooperation will follow on this line.

11. Discssussion
Waiver-less exchange of information in the framework of formal cooperation - bilateral/regional agreements
Waiver-less exchange of information in the framework of informal cooperation
Phase 1 - The investigation (from leniency application to dawn-raid)
Does the legal framework allow information exchange at all?
What is the scope of information exchange?
Phase 2 - Assessment of conduct and decision making
Can results of the investigation and assessment of conduct discovered be discussed?
Is the timing discussed?
Is the amount of the fine discussed?
Phase 3 - Final decision and settlements (if available)
Is the timing of decision coordinated
Post decision – lessons learned?
In the framework of the discussion, please also bear in mind and comment on some horizontal issues such as:
Difficulties in exchange of confidential/non-confidential information
Definition of confidential/non-confidential information
Based on the very broad survey on international enforcement cooperation, the OECD report presented various kinds of future work on how to improve the degree and quality of international cooperation. Those future works were categorized into three suggestions.
First suggestion is to Maximize the effectiveness and benefits of cooperation within the existing legal and practical constraints.
The second suggestion is to Improve the existing system of cooperation by addressing the effect of existing legal and practical constraints on cooperation.
The third suggestion is to Improve interactions between enforcers, establish contacts and develop procedures and best practices for more effective relationships.
The first suggestion is to seek the best utilization of the existing legal and practical conditions, but the second suggestion is to seek addressing the existing legal and practical constraints.
The third suggestion may partly overlap with the first direction but it is also to seek practical activities based on the existing constraints.
Considering the OECD’s strength of rulemaking by member governments and the ICN’s character of practicality and broad membership, it might be fair that the OECD will mainly focus on the second suggestion and the ICN will seek the first and the third suggestions.
Actually, (already presented by Mr. Capobianco,) OECD’s future work for international enforcement cooperation will follow on this line.

12. in Waiver-less Info Sharing
JFTC Practice
in Waiver-less Info Sharing
Leniency application stage (covert phase)
No waiver-less information sharing
In practice, even internal agency information not provided to another agencies without a waiver
Investigation state (overt phase)
Waiver-less information sharing possible to the extent not to discussing the party’s confidential information
Publicly available information
Agency non-public information (open investigation, market definition, competitive effects, possible sanctions)
Based on the very broad survey on international enforcement cooperation, the OECD report presented various kinds of future work on how to improve the degree and quality of international cooperation. Those future works were categorized into three suggestions.
First suggestion is to Maximize the effectiveness and benefits of cooperation within the existing legal and practical constraints.
The second suggestion is to Improve the existing system of cooperation by addressing the effect of existing legal and practical constraints on cooperation.
The third suggestion is to Improve interactions between enforcers, establish contacts and develop procedures and best practices for more effective relationships.
The first suggestion is to seek the best utilization of the existing legal and practical conditions, but the second suggestion is to seek addressing the existing legal and practical constraints.
The third suggestion may partly overlap with the first direction but it is also to seek practical activities based on the existing constraints.
Considering the OECD’s strength of rulemaking by member governments and the ICN’s character of practicality and broad membership, it might be fair that the OECD will mainly focus on the second suggestion and the ICN will seek the first and the third suggestions.
Actually, (already presented by Mr. Capobianco,) OECD’s future work for international enforcement cooperation will follow on this line.

13. Legal Framework in Japan - What is Confidential? -
What is “Confidential” and “Non-confidential”
Professional secret and Business secret
Confidentiality obligation based on the AMA etc.
Criminal sanctions for violation
Provisions granting powers to exchange information are included in the AMA
Bilateral agreement such as USA (1999)
Some type of Confidential information (e.g. internal agency information) could be shared with foreign agency in theory
But in practice…
Based on the very broad survey on international enforcement cooperation, the OECD report presented various kinds of future work on how to improve the degree and quality of international cooperation. Those future works were categorized into three suggestions.
First suggestion is to Maximize the effectiveness and benefits of cooperation within the existing legal and practical constraints.
The second suggestion is to Improve the existing system of cooperation by addressing the effect of existing legal and practical constraints on cooperation.
The third suggestion is to Improve interactions between enforcers, establish contacts and develop procedures and best practices for more effective relationships.
The first suggestion is to seek the best utilization of the existing legal and practical conditions, but the second suggestion is to seek addressing the existing legal and practical constraints.
The third suggestion may partly overlap with the first direction but it is also to seek practical activities based on the existing constraints.
Considering the OECD’s strength of rulemaking by member governments and the ICN’s character of practicality and broad membership, it might be fair that the OECD will mainly focus on the second suggestion and the ICN will seek the first and the third suggestions.
Actually, (already presented by Mr. Capobianco,) OECD’s future work for international enforcement cooperation will follow on this line.

14. Common leniency waiver template
<Part II>
Common leniency waiver template
Based on the very broad survey on international enforcement cooperation, the OECD report presented various kinds of future work on how to improve the degree and quality of international cooperation. Those future works were categorized into three suggestions.
First suggestion is to Maximize the effectiveness and benefits of cooperation within the existing legal and practical constraints.
The second suggestion is to Improve the existing system of cooperation by addressing the effect of existing legal and practical constraints on cooperation.
The third suggestion is to Improve interactions between enforcers, establish contacts and develop procedures and best practices for more effective relationships.
The first suggestion is to seek the best utilization of the existing legal and practical conditions, but the second suggestion is to seek addressing the existing legal and practical constraints.
The third suggestion may partly overlap with the first direction but it is also to seek practical activities based on the existing constraints.
Considering the OECD’s strength of rulemaking by member governments and the ICN’s character of practicality and broad membership, it might be fair that the OECD will mainly focus on the second suggestion and the ICN will seek the first and the third suggestions.
Actually, (already presented by Mr. Capobianco,) OECD’s future work for international enforcement cooperation will follow on this line.

15. Waivers: Key Area for more effective information exchange (OECD/ICN Survey)
Confidentiality waivers  Often relied upon to address existing limitations to exchange of confidential information
Due to length and complexity of the process based on formal framework (information gateway)
More than 2/3 allowed to use waivers
Some adopted a standard form of waivers.
Most agencies, even having a standard form, often negotiate the terms for transmitting information and/or documents
 Reforms in the area of waivers are views as a way to foster more valuable co-operation through more effective information exchange
Based on the very broad survey on international enforcement cooperation, the OECD report presented various kinds of future work on how to improve the degree and quality of international cooperation. Those future works were categorized into three suggestions.
First suggestion is to Maximize the effectiveness and benefits of cooperation within the existing legal and practical constraints.
The second suggestion is to Improve the existing system of cooperation by addressing the effect of existing legal and practical constraints on cooperation.
The third suggestion is to Improve interactions between enforcers, establish contacts and develop procedures and best practices for more effective relationships.
The first suggestion is to seek the best utilization of the existing legal and practical conditions, but the second suggestion is to seek addressing the existing legal and practical constraints.
The third suggestion may partly overlap with the first direction but it is also to seek practical activities based on the existing constraints.
Considering the OECD’s strength of rulemaking by member governments and the ICN’s character of practicality and broad membership, it might be fair that the OECD will mainly focus on the second suggestion and the ICN will seek the first and the third suggestions.
Actually, (already presented by Mr. Capobianco,) OECD’s future work for international enforcement cooperation will follow on this line.

16. Priority for Model Waivers (OECD/ICN Survey)
Ensuring not limiting or restricting the ability of agencies to exchange information in a useful manner, the scope of and the conditions attached to waivers needs to standardize.
Developing a model confidentiality waivers gained a fair consensus, ranking 4th in terms of priority.
ICN Model Waiver received the second highest cumulative store for “Usefulness” among ICN work products
Based on the very broad survey on international enforcement cooperation, the OECD report presented various kinds of future work on how to improve the degree and quality of international cooperation. Those future works were categorized into three suggestions.
First suggestion is to Maximize the effectiveness and benefits of cooperation within the existing legal and practical constraints.
The second suggestion is to Improve the existing system of cooperation by addressing the effect of existing legal and practical constraints on cooperation.
The third suggestion is to Improve interactions between enforcers, establish contacts and develop procedures and best practices for more effective relationships.
The first suggestion is to seek the best utilization of the existing legal and practical conditions, but the second suggestion is to seek addressing the existing legal and practical constraints.
The third suggestion may partly overlap with the first direction but it is also to seek practical activities based on the existing constraints.
Considering the OECD’s strength of rulemaking by member governments and the ICN’s character of practicality and broad membership, it might be fair that the OECD will mainly focus on the second suggestion and the ICN will seek the first and the third suggestions.
Actually, (already presented by Mr. Capobianco,) OECD’s future work for international enforcement cooperation will follow on this line.

17. CCS experience Reluctance, delay or refusal in providing waivers
Going forward, CCS plans to seek waivers early on and also possibly include the granting of waivers as a requirement of leniency
Possible disincentive for leniency applicants – possibility of private action, exposure in other jurisdictions and criminal liability
Waiver mechanism allows leniency applicants to be precise and nuanced as to jurisdiction CCS can share information with and extent of information shared
Impact of investigations overseas
Differences in waiver templates – length and scope; administrative costs for CCS and the party
Based on the very broad survey on international enforcement cooperation, the OECD report presented various kinds of future work on how to improve the degree and quality of international cooperation. Those future works were categorized into three suggestions.
First suggestion is to Maximize the effectiveness and benefits of cooperation within the existing legal and practical constraints.
The second suggestion is to Improve the existing system of cooperation by addressing the effect of existing legal and practical constraints on cooperation.
The third suggestion is to Improve interactions between enforcers, establish contacts and develop procedures and best practices for more effective relationships.
The first suggestion is to seek the best utilization of the existing legal and practical conditions, but the second suggestion is to seek addressing the existing legal and practical constraints.
The third suggestion may partly overlap with the first direction but it is also to seek practical activities based on the existing constraints.
Considering the OECD’s strength of rulemaking by member governments and the ICN’s character of practicality and broad membership, it might be fair that the OECD will mainly focus on the second suggestion and the ICN will seek the first and the third suggestions.
Actually, (already presented by Mr. Capobianco,) OECD’s future work for international enforcement cooperation will follow on this line.

18. JFTC experience
Leniency application  to make sure the party has applied to other agencies
If it has, JFTC requests a waiver
At least the identity of the applicant needed for effective coordination
In most cases, full-waivers (excepting exchanging documents provided by the applicant) are given
Waivers given orally  No written agreement
Timing of Waivers; 1week+  Too late in some cases
Denial of full waivers
Based on the very broad survey on international enforcement cooperation, the OECD report presented various kinds of future work on how to improve the degree and quality of international cooperation. Those future works were categorized into three suggestions.
First suggestion is to Maximize the effectiveness and benefits of cooperation within the existing legal and practical constraints.
The second suggestion is to Improve the existing system of cooperation by addressing the effect of existing legal and practical constraints on cooperation.
The third suggestion is to Improve interactions between enforcers, establish contacts and develop procedures and best practices for more effective relationships.
The first suggestion is to seek the best utilization of the existing legal and practical conditions, but the second suggestion is to seek addressing the existing legal and practical constraints.
The third suggestion may partly overlap with the first direction but it is also to seek practical activities based on the existing constraints.
Considering the OECD’s strength of rulemaking by member governments and the ICN’s character of practicality and broad membership, it might be fair that the OECD will mainly focus on the second suggestion and the ICN will seek the first and the third suggestions.
Actually, (already presented by Mr. Capobianco,) OECD’s future work for international enforcement cooperation will follow on this line.

19. Discussion Benefits of a common waiver template Agencies' experiences
voluntary in nature
refusal of a waiver
debates on wording - too restrictive?
Leniency applicant's concerns
different place in different jurisdictions
timing of granting a waiver
potential ramifications of allowing sharing of information
Based on the very broad survey on international enforcement cooperation, the OECD report presented various kinds of future work on how to improve the degree and quality of international cooperation. Those future works were categorized into three suggestions.
First suggestion is to Maximize the effectiveness and benefits of cooperation within the existing legal and practical constraints.
The second suggestion is to Improve the existing system of cooperation by addressing the effect of existing legal and practical constraints on cooperation.
The third suggestion is to Improve interactions between enforcers, establish contacts and develop procedures and best practices for more effective relationships.
The first suggestion is to seek the best utilization of the existing legal and practical conditions, but the second suggestion is to seek addressing the existing legal and practical constraints.
The third suggestion may partly overlap with the first direction but it is also to seek practical activities based on the existing constraints.
Considering the OECD’s strength of rulemaking by member governments and the ICN’s character of practicality and broad membership, it might be fair that the OECD will mainly focus on the second suggestion and the ICN will seek the first and the third suggestions.
Actually, (already presented by Mr. Capobianco,) OECD’s future work for international enforcement cooperation will follow on this line.

20. Discussion – building blocks for waiver template
Applicant/application details + applicable confidentiality rules + scope of waiver
Type of information exchange
Level of protection of info in A2 received from A1
Level of protection of info in A1 received from A2
Level of protection towards 3rd parties
Based on the very broad survey on international enforcement cooperation, the OECD report presented various kinds of future work on how to improve the degree and quality of international cooperation. Those future works were categorized into three suggestions.
First suggestion is to Maximize the effectiveness and benefits of cooperation within the existing legal and practical constraints.
The second suggestion is to Improve the existing system of cooperation by addressing the effect of existing legal and practical constraints on cooperation.
The third suggestion is to Improve interactions between enforcers, establish contacts and develop procedures and best practices for more effective relationships.
The first suggestion is to seek the best utilization of the existing legal and practical conditions, but the second suggestion is to seek addressing the existing legal and practical constraints.
The third suggestion may partly overlap with the first direction but it is also to seek practical activities based on the existing constraints.
Considering the OECD’s strength of rulemaking by member governments and the ICN’s character of practicality and broad membership, it might be fair that the OECD will mainly focus on the second suggestion and the ICN will seek the first and the third suggestions.
Actually, (already presented by Mr. Capobianco,) OECD’s future work for international enforcement cooperation will follow on this line.

21. Discussion – wording - comments
Language observations
Shall a copy of the waiver be sent to A2?
Declaration in writing from A2?
Privileged information?
Duration?
(…)
Based on the very broad survey on international enforcement cooperation, the OECD report presented various kinds of future work on how to improve the degree and quality of international cooperation. Those future works were categorized into three suggestions.
First suggestion is to Maximize the effectiveness and benefits of cooperation within the existing legal and practical constraints.
The second suggestion is to Improve the existing system of cooperation by addressing the effect of existing legal and practical constraints on cooperation.
The third suggestion is to Improve interactions between enforcers, establish contacts and develop procedures and best practices for more effective relationships.
The first suggestion is to seek the best utilization of the existing legal and practical conditions, but the second suggestion is to seek addressing the existing legal and practical constraints.
The third suggestion may partly overlap with the first direction but it is also to seek practical activities based on the existing constraints.
Considering the OECD’s strength of rulemaking by member governments and the ICN’s character of practicality and broad membership, it might be fair that the OECD will mainly focus on the second suggestion and the ICN will seek the first and the third suggestions.
Actually, (already presented by Mr. Capobianco,) OECD’s future work for international enforcement cooperation will follow on this line.

22. Discussion – wording - comments
[Name of the applicant] agrees to a waiver of the confidentiality rules of [Agency A] to [orally] discuss the submission made by [name of the applicant] to [Agency A] with [Agency B] regarding its investigation of [number of file/short description of market/industry].
[For AGENCIES WHERE EXCHANGE OF DOCUMENTS IS PROHIBITED – For the avoidance of doubt, this waiver excludes the transmission by [Agency A] of any hard copy or electronic version of documents or submissions made by [name of applicant] including any quotations or extracts of them].
Based on the very broad survey on international enforcement cooperation, the OECD report presented various kinds of future work on how to improve the degree and quality of international cooperation. Those future works were categorized into three suggestions.
First suggestion is to Maximize the effectiveness and benefits of cooperation within the existing legal and practical constraints.
The second suggestion is to Improve the existing system of cooperation by addressing the effect of existing legal and practical constraints on cooperation.
The third suggestion is to Improve interactions between enforcers, establish contacts and develop procedures and best practices for more effective relationships.
The first suggestion is to seek the best utilization of the existing legal and practical conditions, but the second suggestion is to seek addressing the existing legal and practical constraints.
The third suggestion may partly overlap with the first direction but it is also to seek practical activities based on the existing constraints.
Considering the OECD’s strength of rulemaking by member governments and the ICN’s character of practicality and broad membership, it might be fair that the OECD will mainly focus on the second suggestion and the ICN will seek the first and the third suggestions.
Actually, (already presented by Mr. Capobianco,) OECD’s future work for international enforcement cooperation will follow on this line.

23. Discussion – wording - comments
[Agency A] shall make [Agency B] fully aware of the confidentiality of the information disclosed by virtue of this waiver. [Agency A] shall treat information received from [Agency B] in accordance with its own applicable confidentiality rules.
The present waiver does not alter [Agency A] obligation to protect the confidentiality of information submitted by the applicant with respect to parties other than [Agency B] in accordance with the applicable legislation.
Based on the very broad survey on international enforcement cooperation, the OECD report presented various kinds of future work on how to improve the degree and quality of international cooperation. Those future works were categorized into three suggestions.
First suggestion is to Maximize the effectiveness and benefits of cooperation within the existing legal and practical constraints.
The second suggestion is to Improve the existing system of cooperation by addressing the effect of existing legal and practical constraints on cooperation.
The third suggestion is to Improve interactions between enforcers, establish contacts and develop procedures and best practices for more effective relationships.
The first suggestion is to seek the best utilization of the existing legal and practical conditions, but the second suggestion is to seek addressing the existing legal and practical constraints.
The third suggestion may partly overlap with the first direction but it is also to seek practical activities based on the existing constraints.
Considering the OECD’s strength of rulemaking by member governments and the ICN’s character of practicality and broad membership, it might be fair that the OECD will mainly focus on the second suggestion and the ICN will seek the first and the third suggestions.
Actually, (already presented by Mr. Capobianco,) OECD’s future work for international enforcement cooperation will follow on this line.