1. Respect and Responsibility - part 2
Drivers Edge
C U R R I C U L U M
Respect and Responsibility - part 2
Maintenance

2. Respect and Responsibility
This lesson will focus upon respect for the environment as it relates to operating a vehicle.
Let's begin with a respect for the environment -
which means prudent maintenance
of your vehicle ...

3. Vehicle Maintenance & Respect for the Environment

4. Vehicle Maintenance & Respect for the Environment
There are many things that you can do to keep your car in good condition, (and good for the environment) but there are some things that need to be left to mechanics.
This lesson will focus upon things the average person, with a little knowledge and desire, can do to help maintain their car in good operating condition and protect the environment.

5. Vehicle Maintenance & Respect for the Environment
What You Can Do
Check your tire pressure
Rotate your tires
Check and change your oil
Check and fill various fluid levels
Replace air filter, fuses
Changing bulbs and lights
Change a flat tire, jump start a car

6. Vehicle Maintenance & Respect for the Environment
What
do you
know
about
checking
your
oil?
To check your oil, first pop the hood.
Find your dipstick, pull it out and wipe it off with a rag.
Reinsert it. Then pull it back out and check the level of oil on the dipstick.
Add oil if you are litre or (quart) more down from “full”
Checking Your Oil

7. (an oil funnel will keep drips to a minimum)
Vehicle Maintenance & Respect for the Environment
Adding oil
First locate the oil fill cap under the hood.
Remove the oil fill cap.
Add the proper type of oil according to the owners manual for your car.
(an oil funnel will keep drips to a minimum)
How often should you
change the oil?

8. Vehicle Maintenance & Respect for the Environment
When To Change Your Oil
About every miles or 3 months
See owners manual for specifics (also depends upon type of oil)
Besure to properly dispose of used oil at appropriate recycle centers

9. Vehicle Maintenance & Respect for the Environment
To check and add brake fluid first locate the brake fluid reservoir under the hood.
What
do you
know
about
checking
the brake fluid?
Checking Brake Fluid
Remove the cap off the brake fluid reservoir.
If the fluid level is under the minimum, add the recommended brake fluid to the reservoir.
What are warnings
of bad brakes?

10. Vehicle Maintenance & Respect for the Environment
If your brake warning light is on and your parking brake is not set then you may have a problem with your braking system
If you notice a squealing noise when braking it could mean your brake pads are worn and need replacing.
Bad Brakes warning

11. Checking Windshield Washer Fluid
Vehicle Maintenance & Respect for the Environment
Checking Windshield Washer Fluid
To check your windshield washer fluid first locate the washer fluid reservoir.
What is the
usual
color
is the
windshield
washer fluid?
Then pop the cap off of the windshield washer fluid reservoir.
If the fluid level is looking low top it off with washer fluid.

12. Vehicle Maintenance & Respect for the Environment
You should frequently check your temperature gauge while driving.
Engine Temperature
If your car begins to overheat, especially in hot weather you should turn on the heater and fan on high; if the engine temperature does not soon lower you should pull over and let your car cool down.
Gauge reads hot

13. Vehicle Maintenance & Respect for the Environment
Engine Temperature
After the engine has safely cooled down (it may be an hour) remove the radiator cap.
If the fluid level is low add a 50/50 mix of anti-freeze and water.

14. Transmission fluid: check under car…back part of engine
Vehicle Maintenance & Respect for the Environment
Know your fluids
Power steering
fluid: check system
Water: usually
condensation
If you notice fluids under your car where it is normally parked, than you most likely have a leak which needs to be professionally checked out.
Coolant: check
water pump,
radiator or hose
Motor oil: check
under engine
Transmission fluid: check under
car…back part of engine

15. Vehicle Maintenance & Respect for the Environment
Changing air filter
Air filters come in various shapes and sizes. It is recommended that they be changed about every 48,000 km (more frequently in dusty conditions)
It’s usually a simple procedure of removing of a wing nut or some screws.
What
do you
know
about
changing
an air filter?

16. Vehicle Maintenance & Respect for the Environment
Fuses facilitate the various operations of the electrical system.
Electrical malfunctions such as turn signals not functioning or the interior lights not working could be the result of a burned out fuse.
Changing fuses
What
do you
know
about
changing
a fuse?
Check owners manual for fuse location and replace with same type.

17. Vehicle Maintenance & Respect for the Environment
Changing bulbs
If the fuse is not the problem it could be a burned out bulb.
It can be a simple or challenging procedure; see owners manual for bulb type.
Best to bring old bulb with you to auto parts store.

18. Vehicle Maintenance & Respect for the Environment
Major tune-ups: often require technical equipment
Engine problems: noises, fluid leaks; odors, broken belts, hoses, vibrations
Transmission problems
Rotating tires
Brake jobs
Radiator flushing
Air conditioning
Exhaust / steering system
Most electrical problems
Things better left to professionals (unless you’ve had special training and have access to the proper equipment)

19. Other considerations Gasohol (ethanol) What do you know about ethanol
Gasohol is a mixture of 90% gasoline and 10% ethanol.
Ethanol is often made from corn by-products.
Gasohol has a higher octane and anti-knock properties than gasoline.
Gasohol burns slower and cooler than gasoline making it more economical and it results in reduced emissions.

20. Other considerations Gasohol (ethanol)
Gasohol is more expensive and energy intensive to produce. Not suitable for all cars.
It can damage rubber seals and diaphragms in cars that are not compatible with it.
It is also toxic and corrosive; check owners manual to see if it is not recommended.

21. Your tire blows out… What do you do?
Other considerations
Changing a tire
Pull off the road so that you are safely out of the flow of traffic.
Try to stop on a straight part of the road, (onto the shoulder) so that passing traffic can see you from a distance.
Turn on your hazard flashers.
Your tire blows out… What do you do?
In Motion magazine, a General Motors publication

22. Other considerations Changing a tire What tools are needed to change
In order to change a tire, you need a jack. A jack is a hand-operated device used to lift and hold one corner or side of the car. You also need a lug wrench which should be provided with the spare tire.
Safety Note: A car can slip off of a jack, so never put yourself in a position where the car could fall on you.

23. Other considerations Changing a tire Shift to Park
Set the parking brake
Block the wheel that is diagonally opposite the flat tire. Use a block of wood or a large rock to firmly secure the wheel.

24. Other considerations Changing a tire
Take out spare tire, jack, and lug wrench. (they may be in the truck – consult owner’s manual for exact location)
Position jack under the car according to instructions.
Jack up the car high enough so the flat tire still touches the ground.

25. Remove the wheel cover or hubcap and loosen the lug nuts.
Other considerations
Changing a tire
Remove the wheel cover or hubcap and loosen the lug nuts.
Some cars do not have hubcaps...consult your owner’s manual for proper instructions in removing the tire.

26. Jack up the car until the flat tire completely clears the ground.
Other considerations
Changing a tire
Sometimes the lug nuts are tight and difficult to loosen…
If you can't loosen them, try putting some of your weight on the lug wrench to loosen them
You will want the flat tire about 6 inches off the ground because the spare tire is fully inflated and will require more ground clearance.
Jack up the car until the flat tire completely clears the ground.
Use the lug wrench to completely remove the nuts and place them in the wheel cover.

27. Other considerations Changing a tire Removing the wheel
It’s easiest to grab the tire at the 9 and 3 o’clock positions
- Pull the wheel straight toward you, and off the car.

28. Other considerations Changing a tire Putting spare tire on
Position the spare tire directly in front of the wheel well.
Align the holes in the center of the spare tire with the bolts on the car.
Lift the spare tire and position it on the threaded bolts.
Push the tire onto the car until it cannot go any farther.
Replace the lug nuts on the bolts and tighten them, but not too tight... just enough to hold the tire in place while you lower the car.
Putting spare
tire on

29. Other considerations Changing a tire
Lower the car with the jack until the car is again resting on all four tires
Alternately tighten the lug nuts

30. Safety Note: Do not use the smaller spare tire for more than 80 km
Other considerations
Changing a tire
Lower the car with the jack until the car is again resting on all four tires.
Alternately tighten the lug nuts. 4 1 2
Lower the car and put on the wheel cover. 3
Safety Note: Do not use the smaller spare tire for more than 80 km

31. Other considerations Jump-starting a car What do you know about
When a battery goes dead, your car will make no sound (or a clicking sound) when trying to start the engine. You can probably start the car by using jumper cables connected to a good battery of another vehicle.
Safety Note: The good battery and dead battery must be of the same voltage. Also, do not try to charge a frozen battery because it might explode.

32. Other considerations Jump-starting a car
Bring the two cars together so that the jumper cables can reach both batteries easily. Do not let the cars touch.
Turn off the engine with each car in park with parking brake set.
Do not smoke, create a spark or light a match near a battery.
Make sure all battery terminals, are clean and free of corrosion. You can clean them with a wire brush or baking soda and water. (In an emergency, Coke also works)

33. - - Other considerations Jump-starting a car + + Dead Battery
Identify each positive and negative terminal The positive should be marked + or red. The negative should be marked – or black.
Securely clamp the positive jumper cable to the positive terminals on each battery. - +
Good Battery

34. - - Other considerations Jump-starting a car + + Dead Battery
Securely clamp one end of the negative jumper cable to the negative terminal of the good battery. - +
Engine
block
Securely clamp the other end of the negative jumper cable to the engine block. DO NOT CLAMP THIS CABLE TO THE DEAD BATTERY’S NEGATIVE TERMINAL. IT MAY CAUSE AN EXPLOSION.
Good Battery
Safety Note: Keep jumper cables away from any moving parts.

35. - - Other considerations Jump-starting a car + + Dead Battery
Start the engine in the vehicle with the good battery and let it idle for a few minutes.
Turn on the headlights before starting the car with the low or dead battery. This absorbs voltage spikes that can cause damage to a vehicle's computer. - +
Engine
block
Good Battery

36. Other considerations Jump-starting a car 4 2 3 1 remove cables
Start the engine in the vehicle with the low battery. After it starts, and is running smoothly, remove the cables in the reverse order they were put on.
Once the vehicle has been successfully jump-started, allow the engine idle for about 30 minutes to recharge the battery. 4 2 3 1
remove cables
Safety Note: Dispose of any cloth used to wipe battery parts because it may be contaminated with acid.

37. Vehicle Maintenance & Respect for the Environment
Economical Operation Ecomonic Benefits
Avoid making fast starts and stops and cornering too fast. They are not only unsafe but increase the cost of operating and maintaining your vehicle by wasting fuel and wearing out tires and brakes. Also avoid unnecessary idling. You may also want to check into alternative fuels.
Another thing you can do to save money is drive slower. Faster driving requires more fuel to get you the same distance. Obey speed limits and you will save fuel and reduce the risk to others.
In addition to the above, anticipate when you will need to stop. Quick braking excessively wears your brakes and tires. Look ahead while you are driving so you can anticipate when you will need to stop and do so smoothly and gently. Also, planning your route in advance is cost effective.
Periodic preventative maintenance will also lower your long-term operating cost by making your vehicle run more efficiently.

38. Drive Clean Emissions Testing
Vehicle Maintenance & Respect for the Environment
Drive Clean Emissions Testing
What
do you
know
about
Emissions
Testing?
Since cars are the largest cause of carbon monoxide pollution and smog, they need to be tested to pass emissions tests to keep our air clean. They are put on the hydrometer to measure emissions output during various driving simulations.
Most passenger cars, vans, light trucks and sport utility vehicles in most states must pass a a vehicle emissions test.

39. Vehicle Maintenance & Respect for the Environment
Disposal of Used Fluids / Batteries / Tires / Cars
If doing your own vehicle maintenance you are required to properly dispose of used fluids, batteries and tires at sites designated for these purposes. If utilizing a vehicle service center, these disposal issues are usually the responsibility of the service center. Check with local authorities for options in disposing of vehicles.

40. Vehicle Maintenance & Respect for the Environment
Littering is against the law
Never litter…it’s disrespectful toward our environment and illegal…instead recycle.

41. Vehicle Maintenance & Respect for the Environment
Planning safer & more efficient routes
Making the most of our fuel means consolidating trip and wise planning of routes as to avoid heavy traffic and unnecessary driving…utilizing the computer is often helpful in trip planning.

42. through driving refresher classes
You must be aware that technology will change the way we drive in the future.
There will also be changes in laws that you must keep current with. Also there are regulations that may differ in other jurisdictions and for other vehicles.
You will also have to adjust as you age and compensate for diminishing abilities.
Life-long learning
can be accomplished
through driving refresher classes
Becoming a competent driver is a life-long learning experience, your Driver Education is just a beginning.
Let's now think more about
cooperative driving
and sharing the road

43. Review time…how much do you remember?

44. 4) True or False: ________Because of the possibility of
1) To check your oil, first find the ___________. If you are down ________ or more add enough to bring it to full line.
dipstick
1 quart
2) You should change your oil according to the owners manual recommendations, usually every _________miles.
3) If you hear a squealing metal sound when applying the brakes, it may mean that its time for a ________________
brake job
True
4) True or False: ________Because of the possibility of
freezing, using water it is not recommended as a
windshield washer.
5) If you notice fluid leakage under the car (other than water) you should get it checked out by ______________.
professionals
6) Perhaps the easiest vehicle maintenance is changing the ____________
air filter

45. 8) Although ethanol is compatible with most
7) Correcting an electrical malfunction such as lights not working, may be easily corrected by changing a _____
fuse
8) Although ethanol is compatible with most
engines, be sure to check your ____________
owners manual
9) Since cars are the largest cause of carbon monoxide
pollution and smog, they need to pass _____________
emmission tests
10) True or False: If your battery is dead it might still be
possible to start it with the use of jumper cables._____
True
11) When bringing the two vehicles close together, be
sure that they do not ________ each other.
touch

46. 12) The good battery and the dead battery must be of the
same _____________ before attempting the jumpstart.
voltage
13) Begin by securing the _________ jumper cable to the
positive terminals on each battery.
positive
14) True or False: Connect the negative terminals of each
battery to each other. _______
False
15) After starting the car, disconnect the cables in the
______________ order that you connected them.
opposite

47. The End

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