1. Democratic-Republican Dominance and Westward Expansion

2. What political party dominated American politics in the early 1800’s?
Democratic-Republican Party

3. What factors caused the United States to expand its territory to the Pacific Ocean before the Civil War?
Economic and strategic (military defense) interests
“Manifest Destiny”

4. What territory did the United States purchase during Jefferson’s presidency?
Louisiana

5. From what country did President Jefferson purchase the Louisiana Territory?
France

6. Who did President Jefferson send to explore the Louisiana Territory?
Meriwether Lewis
William Clark

7. How did the Louisiana Territory affect the size of the United States?
Doubled it

8. Who served as guide of the Lewis and Clark expedition?
Sacajawea

9. What two countries fought in the War of 1812?
United States
Great Britain

10. Who was president during the War of 1812?
James Madison

11. Why did France and Great Britain interfere with American trade during the Napoleonic War?
Neither country wanted its enemy to trade with the United States during the war.

12. Define impressment.
The practice of drafting sailors by force

13. The British navy needed sailors to fight against the French.
Why did the British navy stop and board American ships and impress American sailors?
The British navy needed sailors to fight against the French.

14. How did the Jefferson administration respond to British impressment of American sailors?
Passed the Embargo Act

15. What does embargo mean?
Refuse to trade

16. What were two provisions of the Embargo Act?
1) No American ship could leave an American port to go to a foreign port.
2) No foreign ship could load a cargo at an American city.

17. What American region was hurt by the Embargo Act and why was this true?
The New England states
The New England economy depended on shipping and trade.

18. Which political party opposed the Embargo Act?
The Federalists

19. Which state governments threatened to nullify the Embargo Act?
New England states

20. What does it mean to nullify a law?
Void it
Wipe it out

21. What did President James Madison do with the Embargo Act?
Replaced it with the Non-Intercourse Act

22. What did the Non-Intercourse Act do?
Made trade with Great Britain and France illegal

23. Why did the Non-Intercourse Act fail?
British navy impressed American sailors
British navy interfered with American shipping rights as a neutral nation

24. Why did Western congressmen want war with Great Britain?
1) British interference with American shipping
2) Western expansionism

25. Who were the War Hawks?
Western congressmen who wanted war with Great Britain

26. Indian attacks on American settlers who lived on the western frontier
What did the War Hawks believe the British were encouraging on the western frontier of the United States?
Indian attacks on American settlers who lived on the western frontier

27. Who led the War Hawks?
Henry Clay

28. What did the War Hawks hope the U. S
What did the War Hawks hope the U.S. would gain by winning the War of 1812?
More territory in the West
Canada

29. What president was responsible for declaring war on Great Britain in 1812?
James Madison

30. What war lasted from 1812 to 1815?
The War of 1812

31. What two countries fought the War of 1812?
The United States
Great Britain

32. What region was against the War of 1812?
New England

33. What political party was against the War of 1812?
Federalists

34. How did the Federalists respond to President Madison’s desire to declare war on Great Britain?

35. The Federalists: 1) Opposed the war 2) Talked about secession
3) Proposed constitutional amendments that were not acted upon

36. How did the Federalist Party want to limit the power of Congress by constitutional amendment?
Limit Congress’ power to:
1) impose embargoes
2) restrict commerce
3) make war
4) admit new states

37. What was the result of Federalist criticism of the War of 1812?
The Federalist Party collapsed
The Federalists stopped being an effective political party on the national level

38. What were two results of the American belief that the U. S
What were two results of the American belief that the U.S. won the War of 1812?
1) The U.S. claimed the Oregon territory
2) More American settlers moved into Florida

39. What territory did the United States acquire in 1819?
Florida

40. From what country did the United States acquire Florida?
Spain

41. What two countries signed the Adams-Onis Treaty?
The United States
Spain

42. What territory did the Adams-Onis Treaty give the United States?
Florida

43. The Adams-Onis Treaty

44. What issue did the Monroe Doctrine involve?
Foreign Policy

45. What set forth the basic principles of American foreign policy from 1823 until the end of the 19th century?
The Monroe Doctrine

46. What were the 4 points of the Monroe Doctrine?

47. No more European colonies in the Americas
Countries in Western Hemisphere were republics; countries in Europe were monarchies
If European countries threatened any country in Americas, then they threatened the United States
U.S. would stay out of European affairs

48. What continents are in the Western Hemisphere?
North America
South America

49. What is a republic? A Representative Democracy
The People elect representatives to make the laws

50. Who rules in monarchies?
Kings and Queens

51. What was the most important point of the Monroe Doctrine?
European countries should stay out of the affairs of the Western Hemisphere

52. What precedent did the Monroe Doctrine set for American presidents ?
American presidents would consider it a threat to the United States, if European countries meddled with countries in the Western Hemisphere

53. According to the Monroe Doctrine, what would the U. S
According to the Monroe Doctrine, what would the U.S. use to protect its interests in the Western Hemisphere?
Military Force

54. Westward Movement Economic Development
What were two trends in American life during the first half of the 19th century?
Westward Movement
Economic Development

55. Why did Americans move west during the first half of the 19th century?
Economic opportunity
Wanted land, both to own and to farm

56. What two transportation improvements encouraged westward movement and economic development?
Canals
Railroads

57. Who invented the cotton gin?
Eli Whitney

58. What did the cotton gin do?
Separated cotton seeds from the cotton fiber

59. What did the cotton gin cause to spread throughout the Deep South?
The “Cotton Kingdom” based on African-American slavery

60. Did the cotton gin increase or decrease the demand for slaves?
Increased

61. What resulted from American immigration into Texas?
An armed revolt against Mexican rule

62. What happened at the Battle of the Alamo?
The Mexican army killed all the men defending the Alamo.

63. What later happened when the Texans defeated the Mexican army?
Texas gained its independence from Mexico.

64. What action did the U.S. eventually take in regard to Texas?
Annexed Texas
Added Texas to the U.S.

65. What idea provided political support for territorial expansion?
Manifest Destiny

66. What was Manifest Destiny?
The belief that it was God’s will for the United States to stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean

67. What war lasted from 1846 to 1848?
The Mexican War

68. What two countries fought in the Mexican War?
The United States
Mexico

69. Who won the Mexican War?
The United States

70. What was the Mexican Cession?
The territory the United States got from Mexico at the end of the Mexican War

71. What present-day states were part of the Mexican Cession?

72. California
Nevada
Utah
Arizona
part of Colorado
part of New Mexico