ENERGY.

ENERGY

Energy is the ability to do work.

Which of these is not a form of energy?
electrical light heat friction

Copper wire Electro magnetism 90˚ Magnetic Field e-1

Magnetic Field e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 Electro
magnetism e-1 e-1 e-1 Magnetic Field e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1

e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1
Electro magnetism e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1

Electromagnet permanent magnet
+ - NeverReady

The Speaker Coil paper cone

Splitting a magnet.

The Earth is a magnet.

Conservation of Energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
The Law of Conservation of Energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed. E= m x C2

Matter can be converted into energy.

Energy given off when there is a change in the nucleus of atoms.

Electricity

Electrical Energy the force of moving electrons.

Electrical Energy (electricity) energy resulting from the force between two objects having different voltages.

Voltage The potential energy of the electrons in a circuit.

Current The amount of electrons flowing in a circuit.

Resistance How much the circuit impedes the flow of electrons.

Electricity filament

Electricity - electrons moving through a metal wire.

D.C. Direct Current A.C. Alternating Current

Atomic Absorption

Magic is technology that is not understood.
Atomic Emission Magic is technology that is not understood.

Flame test

A television is an Electron Gun

Generating an Electric Field
with dc voltage + - Voltage creates field, field is a force (push ions) 9V + -

Generating an Electric Field
dc voltage + - e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 e-1 Voltage creates field, field is a force (push ions) e-1 9V + -

Static electricity

Static Electricity when a material has an excess or a lack of electrons.

A Capacitor holds a charge on its plates.

Thermocouple (copper & nickel or copper & iron)
Electrical Energy Induction Thermocouple (copper & nickel or copper & iron)

Circuits Series Parallel

Switch 1 Switch 2 Lamp 1 Lamp 2

Short circuit

Foil (glued onto bottom half of stick)
‘ El Motor Coil tube Wire coil (covered with glue) Wood shtick Wire ends (stripped) Foil (glued onto bottom half of stick)

Foil (through bottom of holes)
Motor Box Magnets Foil (through bottom of holes)

Circuit Board

Integrated circuits

On a hot day, Jenny walked home with a bag of chocolate chips
On a hot day, Jenny walked home with a bag of chocolate chips. When she arrived the chocolate chips had melted in the bag. Why did they melt? Heat transferred from the chocolate chips to the bag Heat evaporated from the bag to the chocolate chips Heat transferred from the environment to the chocolate chips Heat condensed from her hand to the chocolate chips.

Energy appears in many forms. What form of energy is lightning
Energy appears in many forms. What form of energy is lightning? electrical energy mechanical energy magnetic energy sound energy

A glass of water kept at room temperature long enough will become empty because water molecules slowly leak through the walls of the glass. water molecules move into the air as gas molecules. water left in a glass starts to boil and becomes a gas. water slowly combines with oxygen to become carbon dioxide.

Water that flows from behind a large dam can cause machines to produce electricity. What change takes place? Heat energy changes into mechanical energy. Sound energy changes into electrical energy. Chemical energy is used to produce electrical energy. Mechanical energy is used to produce electrical energy

When ice cream is left out of the freezer on a table for a long time, it melts. This change in state is caused by the ice cream absorbing heat. ice cream giving up heat. air absorbing heat. table absorbing heat

People in many places in California produce their electricity from wind energy. Which must be true about the winds in these places in California? The winds are cold. The winds blow very little. The winds blow most of the time. The winds blow mostly in the morning.

A block of ice on a glass plate is put on a metal shelf in a freezer
A block of ice on a glass plate is put on a metal shelf in a freezer. Which could cause the ice to change to liquid water? putting a fan that blows on the ice inside the closed freezer raising the temperature inside the freezer wrapping a blanket around the ice inside the freezer putting the ice directly on the metal shelf inside the freezer

When water boils in a pan on a hot burner, heat gets to the water mainly by…
conduction of heat through the pan. radiation of heat through the pan. reflection of heat from the burner. absorption of heat from the air in the room

When a hair dryer is being used, one of the energy transformations that takes place is electrical to chemical. electrical to mechanical. mechanical to electrical. chemical to electrical

When electrical energy is "used" by an electric light, what really happens to the energy? It is given off as other forms of energy. It changes to matter. It stops at the electric light. It disappears

To pull up a bucket of water from a well, George pulled hard on a handle to wind up a rope. Which kind of energy was George applying to the handle? chemical energy frictional energy potential energy mechanical energy

Josie sees lightning off in the distance
Josie sees lightning off in the distance. A few seconds later she hears thunder. What can Josie conclude? Sound waves do not travel long distances. Light waves travel faster than sound waves. Sound waves are weaker than light waves. Light waves last longer than sound waves

Mariam's mother had an ultrasound to see the baby growing inside of her. Which statement explains how ultrasound works? A special cream is heated and placed on her mother's stomach area, which produces an image on a computer. A fluorescent light is used to transmit light waves into her mother's body, which produce an image on a computer. Sound waves are sent into her mother's body, which reflect off of the baby and produce an image on a computer. A type of medicine is injected into her mother, which causes an image of the baby to be produced on a computer Mariam's mother had an ultrasound to see the baby growing inside of her. Which statement explains how ultrasound works? A special cream is heated and placed on her mother's stomach area, which produces an image on a computer. A fluorescent light is used to transmit light waves into her mother's body, which produce an image on a computer. Sound waves are sent into her mother's body, which reflect off of the baby and produce an image on a computer. A type of medicine is injected into her mother, which causes an image of the baby to be produced on a computer How do microwaves cook food? by using electromagnetic waves and the process of radiation by using forced hot air currents through the process of convection by using the movement of charged particles through the process of induction by using direct contact of moving particles through the process of conduction Energy and Its Transformation S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy d. Describe how heat can be transferred through matter by the collisions of atoms (conduction) or through space (radiation). In a liquid or gas, currents will facilitate the transfer of heat (convection). d. Describe how heat can be transferred through matter by the collisions of atoms (conduction) or through space (radiation). In a liquid or gas, currents will facilitate the transfer of heat (convection). 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3003 Level: 2 Bill and Mary wanted to have a snack after school. They heated some milk in a pot on the stove to make hot chocolate. They also popped some popcorn in the microwave oven. How did Bill and Mary transfer heat energy to make these snacks? heating milk by radiation; popping popcorn by radiation heating milk by radiation; popping popcorn by convection heating milk by conduction; popping popcorn by radiation heating milk by convection; popping popcorn by conduction Energy and Its Transformation S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy d. Describe how heat can be transferred through matter by the collisions of atoms (conduction) or through space (radiation). In a liquid or gas, currents will facilitate the transfer of heat (convection). d. Describe how heat can be transferred through matter by the collisions of atoms (conduction) or through space (radiation). In a liquid or gas, currents will facilitate the transfer of heat (convection). 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3009 Level: 2 Bill pulls a rubber band tight to shoot a piece of paper. At the point when the rubber band is stretched to its maximum, compare and contrast the amounts of potential and kinetic energy. there is no potential or kinetic energy all potential energy and no kinetic energy all kinetic energy and no potential energy equal amounts of potential and kinetic energy Energy and Its Transformation S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy b. Explain the relationship between potential and kinetic energy. b. Explain the relationship between potential and kinetic energy. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3010 Level: 2 In the simple act of lighting a match, chemical energy stored in the match head is transformed into heat and light. What is true about this energy transformation? Most of the energy is lost when the match is struck. New energy in the form of light and heat is created when the match is struck. All of the potential chemical energy is transformed into heat and light energy. Some of the chemical energy is transformed into heat and light and the rest is converted into matter Energy and Its Transformation S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy a. Explain energy transformation in terms of the Law of Conservation of Energy. a. Explain energy transformation in terms of the Law of Conservation of Energy. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3011 Level: 2 Sound, mechanical, heat, and electrical energy all involve the movement of particles in some way but only one involves the movement of charged particles. Which type of energy involves the movement of charged particles? heat sound electrical mechanical Energy and Its Transformation S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy c. Compare and contrast the different forms of energy (heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound) and their characteristics. c. Compare and contrast the different forms of energy (heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound) and their characteristics. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3012 Level: 2 Predict the energy transformation that occurs when Carson sands a piece of wood with sandpaper. chemical energy to heat energy heat energy to mechanical energy mechanical energy to heat energy mechanical energy to chemical energy Energy and Its Transformation S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy a. Explain energy transformation in terms of the Law of Conservation of Energy. a. Explain energy transformation in terms of the Law of Conservation of Energy. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3014 Level: 2 Gasoline, wood, water behind a dam, and a boulder on the edge of a cliff all represent some form of potential energy. What form of potential energy do gasoline and wood have in common? heat light chemical mechanical Energy and Its Transformation S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy c. Compare and contrast the different forms of energy (heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound) and their characteristics. c. Compare and contrast the different forms of energy (heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound) and their characteristics. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3018 Level: 2 On a cold, winter day, Sheena rubs her hands together. Stored chemical energy is transformed into mechanical energy. Due to the Law of Conservation of Energy some of the energy is also transformed into heat energy. light energy. solar energy. kinetic energy Energy and Its Transformation S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy a. Explain energy transformation in terms of the Law of Conservation of Energy. a. Explain energy transformation in terms of the Law of Conservation of Energy. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3019 Level: 2 What form of energy is associated with the movement of charges, usually electrons? chemical electrical heat sound Energy and Its Transformation S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy c. Compare and contrast the different forms of energy (heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound) and their characteristics. c. Compare and contrast the different forms of energy (heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound) and their characteristics. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3028 Level: 2 __________ energy is produced when a force causes a substance to vibrate, and the energy is transferred through the substance in a wave. Heat Light Mechanical Sound Energy and Its Transformation S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy c. Compare and contrast the different forms of energy (heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound) and their characteristics. c. Compare and contrast the different forms of energy (heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound) and their characteristics. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3144 Level: 2 All waves transmit energy. mass. matter. radiation Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation a. Identify the characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical waves. a. Identify the characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical waves. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3145 Level: 2 Which of these is one way that mechanical waves differ from electromagnetic waves? Mechanical waves require energy and electromagnetic waves do not. Mechanical waves require a medium and electromagnetic waves do not. Electromagnetic waves require a medium and mechanical waves do not. Mechanical waves transmit matter and electromagnetic waves transmit energy Electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves are alike and different. What is one way in which these waves are similar? Both types of waves require a medium. Both types of waves have a frequency. Both types of waves transmit matter. Both types of waves have a pitch Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation a. Identify the characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical waves. a. Identify the characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical waves. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3147 Level: 2 You are sitting on the edge of a pool with your legs in the water. As light waves pass from the pool into the air, it looks like your legs are not attached at the knees where they meet the water. This is because light waves _______________ when they pass from one medium to another. are amplified diffract reflect refract Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation b. Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated causing reflection, refraction, diffraction, and absorption. b. Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated causing reflection, refraction, diffraction, and absorption. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3148 Level: 2 The speed of a sound wave depends MOSTLY on the amplitude of the wave. the frequency of the wave. the angle at which it approaches the listener. the medium through which the wave travels. A tuning fork with a frequency of 404 Hertz is struck with a soft hammer. The fork is struck a second time by the same hammer with twice as much force, and the volume, or amplitude, increases by a factor of two. What will the frequency of the second sound be? Hertz Hertz Hertz Hertz Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation f. Diagram the parts of the wave and explain how the parts are affected by changes in amplitude and pitch. f. Diagram the parts of the wave and explain how the parts are affected by changes in amplitude and pitch. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3152 Level: 2 The waves in the pool where you are floating have a crest height of about 1 foot. Bobby does a cannonball dive off the side of the pool and sends waves 4 feet high toward your raft. The waves that Bobby produced have a greater amplitude. compression. frequency. wavelength Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation f. Diagram the parts of the wave and explain how the parts are affected by changes in amplitude and pitch. f. Diagram the parts of the wave and explain how the parts are affected by changes in amplitude and pitch. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3188 Level: 2 There are two basic finishes to most paper, glossy and matte. A glossy finish is used to produce a higher finish quality, for instance the cover of a magazine. A matte finish is used to produce a softer finish with less glare, for instance your notebook paper. If you were to compare both of these surfaces under a high-powered microscope, how would they differ? The matte surface would be much rougher. The glossy surface would contain more fibers of white paper. The glossy surface would be still, while the matte surface would appear to move slightly. The matte surface would be solid, while the glossy surface would appear to have small holes Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation b. Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated causing reflection, refraction, diffraction, and absorption. b. Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated causing reflection, refraction, diffraction, and absorption. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3189 Level: 2 You can see your image in a shiny, flat surface because lights waves bounce directly back at you and your eyes. This is an example of diffraction. reflection. refraction. transparency Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation b. Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated causing reflection, refraction, diffraction, and absorption. b. Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated causing reflection, refraction, diffraction, and absorption. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3190 Level: 2 You can observe the color of your friends shirt with your eyes because the shirt produces light waves. the shirt releases light waves. light is reflected off of the shirt. light is transmitted from the shirt Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation c. Explain how the human eye sees objects and colors in terms of wavelengths. c. Explain how the human eye sees objects and colors in terms of wavelengths. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3202 Level: 2 Green plants look "green" because they transmit green light. reflect green wavelengths of the visible spectrum. absorb green wavelengths of the visible spectrum. reflect blue and yellow wavelengths of the visible spectrum Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation c. Explain how the human eye sees objects and colors in terms of wavelengths. c. Explain how the human eye sees objects and colors in terms of wavelengths. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3206 Level: 2 You and your father inspect an empty house with the hopes of buying it. You walk through the rooms talking to one another, and you notice that your voices and footsteps are echoing in the big, empty house. What causes the echo? sound waves moving slowly through air sound waves moving around the large rooms sound waves refracting around corners in the empty rooms sound waves reflecting off smooth, flat surfaces throughout the house Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation e. Relate the properties of sound to everyday experiences. e. Relate the properties of sound to everyday experiences. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3208 Level: 2 Imagine a ringing bell set inside a sealed glass jar. Once all the air is removed and a vacuum is created, the ringing sound is no longer heard. Explain why this happens. The glass prevents any sound from escaping. The lack of air in the jar causes the ringing to stop. Without air, the sound waves cannot travel to the ear. The pressure of the outside air causes the sound to remain within the jar Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation d. Describe how the behavior of waves is affected by medium. d. Describe how the behavior of waves is affected by medium. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3215 Level: 2 Lenny is looking at a sheet of paper that reflects all wavelengths of the visible spectrum that hit it. Lenny is looking at a sheet of paper that appears to be black. violet. red. white Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation c. Explain how the human eye sees objects and colors in terms of wavelengths. c. Explain how the human eye sees objects and colors in terms of wavelengths. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3216 Level: 2 Sound waves are transmitted fastest through air. liquids. solids. a vacuum Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation d. Describe how the behavior of waves is affected by medium. d. Describe how the behavior of waves is affected by medium. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3225 Level: 2 It was a cold, sunny day and the ground was covered with fresh snow. Maria wore her black sweatshirt outside to play in the snow. She knew that black would __________ light waves and help keep her warm. absorb diffract reflect refract Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation b. Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated causing reflection, refraction, diffraction, and absorption. b. Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated causing reflection, refraction, diffraction, and absorption Why does the human eye observe the different colors of a rainbow? White light is broken down in the eye into its separate colors. Different colors of light travel at different speeds to the eye. The eye sees different wavelengths of light as different colors. The eye sees different colors of light in different locations of the eye As the fire truck approached Mary, the pitch of the siren got higher. Once the fire truck passed and moved away, the siren's pitch got lower. This change in pitch is because of a change in the sound wave's amplitude. concussion. frequency. reflection Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation e. Relate the properties of sound to everyday experiences. e. Relate the properties of sound to everyday experiences. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3261 Level: 2 Porous building materials are often used on the surfaces in classrooms and restaurants because these surface tend to ____________ sound waves. absorb refract reflect transmit Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation e. Relate the properties of sound to everyday experiences. e. Relate the properties of sound to everyday experiences. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3266 Level: 2 As light waves pass through openings in a barrier or around the edges of an object, the waves change direction or are absorbed. diffract. reflect. refract Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation b. Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated causing reflection, refraction, diffraction, and absorption. b. Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated causing reflection, refraction, diffraction, and absorption. 8/18/ Item: VA03SC0810 Level: 2 The distance between one point on a compression and the corresponding point on the next compression in a sound wave is called a — wavelength. rarefaction. crest. trough Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy? A baseball moving from the pitcher to the catcher A rock sitting on the top of a large hill A pendulum at the top of its swing A new flashlight battery Permission has been granted for reproduction by the Virginia Department of Education © Virginia Department of Education Energy and Its Transformation S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy b. Explain the relationship between potential and kinetic energy. b. Explain the relationship between potential and kinetic energy. 8/13/ Item: VA04SC0503 Level: 2 The energy used to move most bicycles is an example of what type of energy? Electrical Mechanical Chemical Nuclear

Gasoline, wood, water behind a dam, and a boulder on the edge of a cliff all represent some form of potential energy. What form of potential energy do gasoline and wood have in common? heat light chemical mechanical Energy and Its Transformation S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy a. Explain energy transformation in terms of the Law of Conservation of Energy. a. Explain energy transformation in terms of the Law of Conservation of Energy. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3019 Level: 2 What form of energy is associated with the movement of charges, usually electrons? chemical electrical heat sound Energy and Its Transformation S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy c. Compare and contrast the different forms of energy (heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound) and their characteristics. c. Compare and contrast the different forms of energy (heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound) and their characteristics. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3028 Level: 2 __________ energy is produced when a force causes a substance to vibrate, and the energy is transferred through the substance in a wave. Heat Light Mechanical Sound Energy and Its Transformation S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy c. Compare and contrast the different forms of energy (heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound) and their characteristics. c. Compare and contrast the different forms of energy (heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound) and their characteristics. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3144 Level: 2 All waves transmit energy. mass. matter. radiation Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation a. Identify the characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical waves. a. Identify the characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical waves. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3145 Level: 2 Which of these is one way that mechanical waves differ from electromagnetic waves? Mechanical waves require energy and electromagnetic waves do not. Mechanical waves require a medium and electromagnetic waves do not. Electromagnetic waves require a medium and mechanical waves do not. Mechanical waves transmit matter and electromagnetic waves transmit energy Electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves are alike and different. What is one way in which these waves are similar? Both types of waves require a medium. Both types of waves have a frequency. Both types of waves transmit matter. Both types of waves have a pitch Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation a. Identify the characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical waves. a. Identify the characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical waves. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3147 Level: 2 You are sitting on the edge of a pool with your legs in the water. As light waves pass from the pool into the air, it looks like your legs are not attached at the knees where they meet the water. This is because light waves _______________ when they pass from one medium to another. are amplified diffract reflect refract Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation b. Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated causing reflection, refraction, diffraction, and absorption. b. Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated causing reflection, refraction, diffraction, and absorption. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3148 Level: 2 The speed of a sound wave depends MOSTLY on the amplitude of the wave. the frequency of the wave. the angle at which it approaches the listener. the medium through which the wave travels. A tuning fork with a frequency of 404 Hertz is struck with a soft hammer. The fork is struck a second time by the same hammer with twice as much force, and the volume, or amplitude, increases by a factor of two. What will the frequency of the second sound be? Hertz Hertz Hertz Hertz Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation f. Diagram the parts of the wave and explain how the parts are affected by changes in amplitude and pitch. f. Diagram the parts of the wave and explain how the parts are affected by changes in amplitude and pitch. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3152 Level: 2 The waves in the pool where you are floating have a crest height of about 1 foot. Bobby does a cannonball dive off the side of the pool and sends waves 4 feet high toward your raft. The waves that Bobby produced have a greater amplitude. compression. frequency. wavelength Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation f. Diagram the parts of the wave and explain how the parts are affected by changes in amplitude and pitch. f. Diagram the parts of the wave and explain how the parts are affected by changes in amplitude and pitch. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3188 Level: 2 There are two basic finishes to most paper, glossy and matte. A glossy finish is used to produce a higher finish quality, for instance the cover of a magazine. A matte finish is used to produce a softer finish with less glare, for instance your notebook paper. If you were to compare both of these surfaces under a high-powered microscope, how would they differ? The matte surface would be much rougher. The glossy surface would contain more fibers of white paper. The glossy surface would be still, while the matte surface would appear to move slightly. The matte surface would be solid, while the glossy surface would appear to have small holes Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation b. Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated causing reflection, refraction, diffraction, and absorption. b. Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated causing reflection, refraction, diffraction, and absorption. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3189 Level: 2 You can see your image in a shiny, flat surface because lights waves bounce directly back at you and your eyes. This is an example of diffraction. reflection. refraction. transparency Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation b. Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated causing reflection, refraction, diffraction, and absorption. b. Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated causing reflection, refraction, diffraction, and absorption. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3190 Level: 2 You can observe the color of your friends shirt with your eyes because the shirt produces light waves. the shirt releases light waves. light is reflected off of the shirt. light is transmitted from the shirt Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation c. Explain how the human eye sees objects and colors in terms of wavelengths. c. Explain how the human eye sees objects and colors in terms of wavelengths. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3202 Level: 2 Green plants look "green" because they transmit green light. reflect green wavelengths of the visible spectrum. absorb green wavelengths of the visible spectrum. reflect blue and yellow wavelengths of the visible spectrum Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation c. Explain how the human eye sees objects and colors in terms of wavelengths. c. Explain how the human eye sees objects and colors in terms of wavelengths. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3206 Level: 2 You and your father inspect an empty house with the hopes of buying it. You walk through the rooms talking to one another, and you notice that your voices and footsteps are echoing in the big, empty house. What causes the echo? sound waves moving slowly through air sound waves moving around the large rooms sound waves refracting around corners in the empty rooms sound waves reflecting off smooth, flat surfaces throughout the house Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation e. Relate the properties of sound to everyday experiences. e. Relate the properties of sound to everyday experiences. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3208 Level: 2 Imagine a ringing bell set inside a sealed glass jar. Once all the air is removed and a vacuum is created, the ringing sound is no longer heard. Explain why this happens. The glass prevents any sound from escaping. The lack of air in the jar causes the ringing to stop. Without air, the sound waves cannot travel to the ear. The pressure of the outside air causes the sound to remain within the jar Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation d. Describe how the behavior of waves is affected by medium. d. Describe how the behavior of waves is affected by medium. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3215 Level: 2 Lenny is looking at a sheet of paper that reflects all wavelengths of the visible spectrum that hit it. Lenny is looking at a sheet of paper that appears to be black. violet. red. white Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation c. Explain how the human eye sees objects and colors in terms of wavelengths. c. Explain how the human eye sees objects and colors in terms of wavelengths. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3216 Level: 2 Sound waves are transmitted fastest through air. liquids. solids. a vacuum Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation d. Describe how the behavior of waves is affected by medium. d. Describe how the behavior of waves is affected by medium. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3225 Level: 2 It was a cold, sunny day and the ground was covered with fresh snow. Maria wore her black sweatshirt outside to play in the snow. She knew that black would __________ light waves and help keep her warm. absorb diffract reflect refract Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation b. Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated causing reflection, refraction, diffraction, and absorption. b. Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated causing reflection, refraction, diffraction, and absorption Why does the human eye observe the different colors of a rainbow? White light is broken down in the eye into its separate colors. Different colors of light travel at different speeds to the eye. The eye sees different wavelengths of light as different colors. The eye sees different colors of light in different locations of the eye As the fire truck approached Mary, the pitch of the siren got higher. Once the fire truck passed and moved away, the siren's pitch got lower. This change in pitch is because of a change in the sound wave's amplitude. concussion. frequency. reflection Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation e. Relate the properties of sound to everyday experiences. e. Relate the properties of sound to everyday experiences. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3261 Level: 2 Porous building materials are often used on the surfaces in classrooms and restaurants because these surface tend to ____________ sound waves. absorb refract reflect transmit Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation e. Relate the properties of sound to everyday experiences. e. Relate the properties of sound to everyday experiences. 8/18/ Item: UTPSC3266 Level: 2 As light waves pass through openings in a barrier or around the edges of an object, the waves change direction or are absorbed. diffract. reflect. refract Energy and Its Transformation S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation b. Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated causing reflection, refraction, diffraction, and absorption. b. Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated causing reflection, refraction, diffraction, and absorption. 8/18/ Item: VA03SC0810 Level: 2 The distance between one point on a compression and the corresponding point on the next compression in a sound wave is called a — wavelength. rarefaction. crest. trough Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy? A baseball moving from the pitcher to the catcher A rock sitting on the top of a large hill A pendulum at the top of its swing A new flashlight battery Permission has been granted for reproduction by the Virginia Department of Education © Virginia Department of Education Energy and Its Transformation S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy b. Explain the relationship between potential and kinetic energy. b. Explain the relationship between potential and kinetic energy. 8/13/ Item: VA04SC0503 Level: 2 The energy used to move most bicycles is an example of what type of energy? Electrical Mechanical Chemical Nuclear

On a cold, winter day, Sheena rubs her hands together
On a cold, winter day, Sheena rubs her hands together. Stored chemical energy is transformed into mechanical energy. Due to the Law of Conservation of Energy some of the energy is also transformed into heat energy. light energy. solar energy. kinetic energy.

Predict the energy transformation that occurs when Carson sands a piece of wood with sandpaper. chemical energy to heat energy heat energy to mechanical energy mechanical energy to heat energy mechanical energy to chemical energy

Which type of energy involves the movement of charged particles
Which type of energy involves the movement of charged particles? heat sound electrical mechanical

In the simple act of lighting a match, chemical energy stored in the match head is transformed into heat and light. What is true about this energy transformation? Most of the energy is lost when the match is struck. New energy in the form of light and heat is created when the match is struck. All of the potential chemical energy is transformed into heat and light energy. Some of the chemical energy is transformed into heat and light and the rest is converted into matter.

For a snack, Bill and Mary heated milk in a pot on the stove for hot chocolate and popped some popcorn in the microwave oven. How did they transfer heat energy to make these snacks? heating milk by radiation; popping popcorn by radiation heating milk by radiation; popping popcorn by convection heating milk by conduction; popping popcorn by radiation heating milk by convection; popping popcorn by conduction

Absolute Zero K °C °F Kelvin Celsius Fahrenheit

As a substance is heated,
Cool Liquid Hot Liquid Thermal Expansion As a substance is heated, it occupies more space.

Expansion joints

Bi-metallic strip two layers of different metals. Brass: a = 19 x 10-6 C-1 Steel: a = 11 x 10-6 C-1

Thermal Expansion HEAT

Joe put a cheeseburger sealed in a plastic bag into the microwave, without much air in the bag. After it cooked, the bag was full of air. Where did the air come from? It came from the fan in the microwave. It came out of the cheeseburger. It was already in the bag and it expanded as it was heated. It came from a chemical reaction whereby energy from the microwave creates O2 molecules.

Electromagnetic radiation
4/13/2017

In which state of matter are molecules in contact with each other but free to move around?
solid liquid gas plasma

Kinetic Molecular Theory
A substance has molecules moving at different velocities in different directions, and colliding into each other and their container.

Thermal Energy The kinetic energy of all the molecules of a substance.

Temperature The average speed of the molecules of a substance.

Heat Transfer of thermal energy.

The bulb of a thermometer is placed in your mouth
The bulb of a thermometer is placed in your mouth. Which of the following explains why the level of the liquid rises in the thermometer? Hot air rises inside the thermometer. Heat energy changes into light energy. The liquid expands when heated. Heat can change a solid into a liquid.

Most events in the universe involve some form of
energy transfer.

turning energy from one form, into another.
Energy transfer turning energy from one form, into another.

The major reason for burning gasoline in an automobile engine is to convert
chemical energy to mechanical energy. kinetic energy to potential energy. radiation to electrical energy. thermal energy to electrical energy.

A light bulb changes electrical energy into
light energy only. heat and mechanical energy. light and heat energy. light and mechanical energy.

Something that allows thermal energy to pass easily
Conductor Something that allows thermal energy to pass easily Metal Water Glass

Insulator Something that does NOT allow thermal energy to pass easily

Insulator Something that does NOT allow thermal energy to pass easily.

Conduction the transfer of thermal energy/electrons when objects contact each other.
collisions of atoms

Which of the following best explains why the end of a spoon sticking out of a cup of hot water also gets hot? The hot water causes a chemical reaction to take place in the spoon. The heat from the hot water is conducted to the spoon handle. The hot water heats the air surrounding the upper part of the spoon. The hot water causes a physical change in the spoon handle

Heating, due to the upward current of hotter material.
Convection Heating, due to the upward current of hotter material.

Convection

Atmospheric CONVECTION causes Hurricanes and Tornadoes.

Convection Which of the following is an example of heat transfer by convection? A hot wood stove heats an entire room. The handle of a pot that is being heated becomes warm. A teaspoon in a glass of hot tea becomes warm. The coils of a toaster become red.

When it is very hot in his room, Stuart makes it cooler by opening both the top and the bottom of his window. Which statement best explains why this works? Air comes in the top to cool the ceiling and in the bottom to cool the floor. Cooler air comes in the bottom and warm air goes out through the top. Warmer air goes out through both the bottom and top. It does not make any difference because if there is no wind, the air will not come in.

Radiation the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves (photons), through space. When light rays hit a material, the molecules in that material move faster.

Radiation the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves, through space.

When sand absorbs the electromagnetic waves of the Sun, it becomes warm through the process of
conduction. convection. radiation. evaporation.

In which situation has heat energy moved mainly by conduction through matter?
A radiator heated with hot water warms a room. The person sitting closest to the blazing fire finds it necessary to move farther from the heat. The handle of a cast iron skillet being used to cook something becomes too hot to touch. The red-hot coil of an electric space heater is used to keep a small room warm.

Which BEST explains how the food on the stove is being heated?
conduction convection interaction radiation

Which of the following is an example of heat transfer by convection
Which of the following is an example of heat transfer by convection? A hot wood stove heats an entire room. The handle of a pot that is being heated becomes warm. A teaspoon in a glass of hot tea becomes warm. The coils of a toaster become red.

When ice cream is left out of the freezer on a table for a long time, it melts. This change in state is caused by the ice cream giving up heat. air absorbing heat. ice cream absorbing heat. table absorbing heat.

What is the process by which heat energy gets to Earth from the Sun?
conduction radiation subduction convection

Heat transferred from the wrench to the air.
Patti used a steel wrench to work on her bicycle on a hot, sunny day. She left the wrench on the hot concrete for an hour, then returned, to find the wrench very hot to touch. What is the BEST explanation for how the wrench got so hot? Heat transferred from the wrench to the air. Heat transferred from the bicycle to the wrench. Heat transferred from the wrench to the concrete. Heat transferred from the concrete to the wrench.

How much energy it takes to increase the temperature of 1Kg by 1˚ C.
Specific Heat For a given substance, How much energy it takes to increase the temperature of 1Kg by 1˚ C. 26 High for conductors Low for insulators 25 1.00 Kg

Through which of the following materials does heat travel the fastest
Through which of the following materials does heat travel the fastest? glass metal plastic wood

Beaker X contains 100 milliliters of water and Beaker Y contains 250 milliliters of water. Each beaker is heated on a hot plate at the same medium heat setting for five minutes. Which is the best prediction of the water temperature in the beakers? Beaker X will have the highest temperature. Beaker Y will have the highest temperature. Beaker X and Beaker Y will have the same temperature. Beaker Y will have a temperature of 150°F.

Suppose you had four spoons the same size and shape made out of glass, plastic, steel, and wood. Which spoon handle would get hot the quickest when the spoons are placed in a pan of hot water? the glass spoon the plastic spoon the steel spoon the wooden spoon

Burt's mother asked him to use a spoon to stir the stew that was cooking on the stove. Which spoon will stay the coolest while he stirs? an iron spoon an aluminum spoon a wooden spoon a silver spoon

Chemical Reaction (change) when new substances
are produced. Bonds ARE broken.

Fuel Molecule that stores chemical energy in its bonds.
energy stored in the bonds of molecules. Fuel Molecule that stores chemical energy in its bonds.

Which of the following is an example of chemical energy?
A baseball moving from the pitcher to the catcher A rock sitting on the top of a large hill A pendulum at the top of its swing A new flashlight battery

Fossil fuels such as gas, oil, and coal have what kind of energy
Fossil fuels such as gas, oil, and coal have what kind of energy? Mechanical energy Chemical energy Electrical energy Nuclear energy

A burning candle is in the process of transforming heat energy into chemical energy. chemical energy into light and heat. chemical energy into mechanical energy. chemical energy into nuclear energy.

The potential and kinetic energy of an object.

Mechanical energy Kinetic Potential

Potential energy the energy of a stored position.
Elastic Gravitational Potential Potential

Potential energy the energy stored in a position or state.

The potential energy of an object’s pull on another object.

The energy of an object that is defrmed under tension or compression.

A car stopped at the top of a ramp has
heat energy. potential energy. kinetic energy. mechanical energy.

Which situation is an example of increasing potential energy?
pulling a wagon uphill emptying a bucket of water A cat jumping from a tree A bicyclist stopping at a stop sign

energy of the motion of an object. 2
= m x V2 2 m = mass V = velocity

The location on the track where the train has the greatest potential energy is
Kinetic

energy of a moving object.
Kinetic energy energy of a moving object.

When does a toy race car have kinetic energy?
rolling down a hill sitting on a shelf upside down on the floor in the toybox with the lid closed

Bill pulls a rubber band tight to shoot a piece of paper
Bill pulls a rubber band tight to shoot a piece of paper. At the point when the rubber band is stretched to its maximum, compare and contrast the amounts of potential and kinetic energy. there is no potential or kinetic energy all potential energy and no kinetic energy all kinetic energy and no potential energy equal amounts of potential and kinetic energy

Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy?
a child jumping rope a swimmer ready to dive a stuffed toy lying on a table firewood stacked in a fireplace

When a pitcher throws a baseball, which of these has MOSTLY kinetic energy?
the pitcher the ball the batter the catcher

People in many places in California produce their electricity from wind energy. Which must be true about the winds in these places in California? The winds are cold. The winds blow very little. The winds blow most of the time. The winds blow mostly in the morning.

Which of these best shows kinetic energy?

Help me Splat !

A bouncing ball

Kinetic energy or Potential energy ?

WAVES ? Space Kinetic ? Matter Kinetic ? Matter & Space ? ? Matter ?
Travels thru WAVES ? Kinet/Poten Space Kinetic ? Matter Kinetic Matter & Space ? ? ? Matter ? Matter both

Conservation of energy
Thermodynamics Law 1: . Energy is never created or destroyed. When it is transferred, all of the energy goes somewhere.

When electrical energy is "used" by an electric light, what really happens to the energy?
It is given off as other forms of energy. It changes to matter. It stops at the electric light. It disappears.

A moving bumper car (car 1) collides with a bumper car at rest (car 2)
A moving bumper car (car 1) collides with a bumper car at rest (car 2). After the collision, both cars move. If momentum is conserved, which statement is correct? The momentum of car 1 increases and the momentum of car 2 decreases. The momentum of car 1 decreases and the momentum of car 2 increases. The total momentum of both cars increases. The total momentum of both cars decreases.

Energy may be changed into other forms with varying efficiency.

The amount of energy that is changed into the desired form.
Efficiency The amount of energy that is changed into the desired form.

In most energy transfers, some energy is turned into thermal.

Which of the following could best be used to demonstrate energy being transformed from electricity to heat? A magnifying glass A triple beam balance A toaster A gas oven

Man. What a Junky! 8th graders LOVE judging others.

A bouncing ball

Energy flows from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.
Thermodynamics Law 2: Thurm Oh Die namm icks Energy flows from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. It flows from hot to cold. Disorder tends to increase.

If all the thermal motion of molecules (kinetic energy)
Thermodynamics Law 3: If all the thermal motion of molecules (kinetic energy) could be removed, absolute zero would result.

Two jars are placed inside an insulated box
Two jars are placed inside an insulated box. One jar contains ice water and the other contains hot soup. What will happen to the two liquids? Both the hot soup and the ice water will gain heat. Both the hot soup and the ice water will lose heat. The hot soup will gain heat and the ice water will lose heat. The hot soup will lose heat and the ice water will gain heat.

Samuel is investigating a substance to determine what it is made of
Samuel is investigating a substance to determine what it is made of. He studies the physical and chemical properties of the substance. Which of these properties of the substance is a chemical property ? The melting point of the substance How easily the substance bends The density of the substance How well the substance burns

Conduction Convection Emission Radiation
Ms. Lee heats up a pot of water on her stove. Water heated up at the bottom of the pot flows to the top of the pot. The colder water at the top sinks. As the water moves, heat flows from the hotter water to the colder water. Which of the terms describes this method heat transfer ? Conduction Convection Emission Radiation

Chou lights a candle and the wax begins to melt
Chou lights a candle and the wax begins to melt. Which statement describes the movement of the particles as the solid candle melts to a liquid ? The particles move slower and farther apart. The particles move faster and farther apart. The particles move faster and closer together. The particles move slower and closer together.

Matt adds 5 grams of vinegar to 7 grams of baking soda in a sealed container. Then he watches the chemical reaction. Which of these predicts the mass of the materials in the container after the reaction is complete ? 0 grams 2 grams 12 grams 35 grams

Emily is riding a roller coaster, which moves up a hill slowly and then starts to move faster as it goes towards the bottom of the hill. Where on the hill will Emily have the MOST kinetic energy ? Halfway up the hill. At the top of the hill. Halfway down the hill. At the bottom of the hill.

The ratio of an object’s mass to its volume
is its Area Density Perimeter Torque

Some people think that the solution to coal, gas, and oil shortages is to use electricity. What is the biggest problem with this solution? Most electricity is produced from coal, gas, or oil. If we switch over to electricity, many people will lose their jobs. It is impossible to build electric cars in great quantities. Electricity is far too expensive.

Diving into the ocean, as you go deeper, the water gets colder because
the saltiest water is always coldest and sinks to the bottom. there are no waves or wind to mix the hot and cold water. warm water is less dense than cold water, so it stays on top. there are fewer fish and other animals to warm the deep water.

Jupiter has more mass than Earth
Jupiter has more mass than Earth. Which of these statements would be true about the force of gravity on Rubin, if he were able to visit Jupiter ? It would be Zero on Jupiter It would be smaller, but not zero, on Jupiter It would be the same on Jupiter It would be larger in Jupiter

The End © 2008 Panther Productions Jacob (Cowboy) Israel
Produced by Jake Israel Directed by Jake Israel Original Story by Jake Israel Screenplay Jake Israel Engineer Jake Israel Photo enhancement Jake Israel Casting Jake Israel Editor Jake Israel Custom animation Jake Israel Location manager Jake Israel Special Effects Jake Israel Field research Jake Israel © 2008 Jacob (Cowboy) Israel All rights reserved Panther Productions

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ENERGY.

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