1. Common STIs
Why is it necessary for you to be informed about sexually transmitted diseases or infections?
Learning about STDs can help you avoid the behaviors that lead to infection.

2. In this lesson, you will learn to:
Lesson Objectives
In this lesson, you will learn to:
Describe the symptoms and treatments for some common STDs
List community health services that help with the prevention and treatment of STDs
Examine public health policies and practices regarding STDs
Discuss the harmful effects of STDs on the fetus

3. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Common STIs
Some STDs Prevalent in the United States
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Chlamydia
Genital Herpes
Gonorrhea
Trichomoniasis
Syphilis

4. An Epidemic of STDs in the United States
Human Papillomavirus
An Epidemic of STDs in the United States
The human papillomavirus (HPV), is considered the most common STD in the United States.
About 30 different types of HPV can infect the genital area.
Most types of HPV infections are asymptomatic.
A Pap test and other medical examinations may detect changes associated with HPV.
Almost all cases of cervical cancer are caused by certain types of HPV.

5. Genital Warts Human Papillomavirus
Genital warts are pink or reddish warts with cauliflowerlike tops that appear on the genitals, the vagina, or the cervix one to three months after infection from HPV.
Diagnosis is determined by a health care worker by examination of the warts.
Treatments can rid the body of the warts but not the virus.
Infants born to females infected with HPV may develop warts in their throats, obstructing the breathing passages, which can be life-threatening.

6. What Is Chlamydia? Chlamydia
Chlamydia is asymptomatic in 75 percent of infected females and 50 percent of infected males.
Chlamydia is diagnosed by laboratory examination of secretions from the cervix and the urethra.
It can be treated with antibiotics, but no immunity develops, so a person can become infected again.
Chlamydia can cause premature birth, and infants born to infected females may develop eye disease or pneumonia.

7. What Is Genital Herpes? Genital Herpes
Most individuals who have genital herpes are asymptomatic.
Those who do show symptoms typically have blisterlike sores in the genital area that occur periodically.
Diagnosis is made through laboratory tests on the fluid from the blisters.
Medication can relieve the symptoms but cannot cure herpes infection.
The herpes virus is potentially fatal for infants who contract the virus from their mothers at the time of delivery.

8. What Is Gonorrhea? Gonorrhea
Symptoms of gonorrhea include a discharge and pain or burning on urination.
Diagnosis in males is made by staining and examining the discharge under a microscope.
Diagnosis in females is made by swabbing the cervix and growing the organisms in a laboratory.
Infants born to mothers with gonorrhea can contract eye infections that cause blindness.

9. What Is Trichomoniasis?
Trichomoniasis may result in vaginitis, an inflammation of the vagina characterized by discharge, odor, irritation, and itching.
When symptoms do occur in males, they include mild urethral itching or discharge and burning after urination.
In females, trichomoniasis is diagnosed by microscopic examination of the discharge, while males are usually treated without laboratory testing if their partners are infected.

10. What Is Syphilis? Syphilis
The first sign of syphilis is a painless reddish sore called a chancre.
The sore will heal on its own, but if the infection is not treated, it spreads through the blood to other parts of the body.
Eventually, the disease can damage internal organs, including the heart, liver, nervous system, and kidneys.
An infant infected with syphilis may have a damaged nervous system and can die from the effects.

11. Other Common STDs

12. Treating STDs Seeking Treatment
Being embarrassed should not stop a person who thinks that he or she may have been exposed to an STD from visiting a private physician or a public health clinic.
Only a health care professional can prescribe the correct treatment, including antibiotics, for some STDs.

13. Preventing the Spread of Infection
Seeking Treatment
Preventing the Spread of Infection
Public health clinics sometimes help with contacting current and past partners to make sure they get any needed treatment.
Ultimately, however, it is the responsibility of any person infected with an STD to notify everyone with whom he or she has had sexual contact.
Informing someone else about the possibility of having an STD could save the person’s life.

14. Quick Review
Q. Which of the following STDs consistently presents noticeable symptoms?
Some HPV infections like chlamydia
Cystitis
Gonorrhea, trichomoniasis
Genital herpes

15. A. 2. cystitis Quick Review - Answer
A Cystitis is an STD that consistently presents noticeable symptoms.
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16. Q. Which of the following is NOT an effect of common STDs on infants?
Quick Review
Q. Which of the following is NOT an effect of common STDs on infants?
Infants born to females infected with chlamydia may develop eye disease or pneumonia.
Infants born to mothers with gonorrhea can contract eye infections that cause blindness.
Infants born to mothers with herpes can die from the mother’s Infection.
An infant infected with syphilis may have a damaged nervous system and can die from the effects.

17. Quick Review - Answer
A. 3. Infants born to mothers with herpes can die from the mother’s Infection.
Effects of common STDs on infants do NOT include the infants born to mothers with herpes can die from the mother’s infection.
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18. Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. A person can go to a private physician or to a public health clinic for the treatment of an STD.
True
False

19. Quick Review - Answer
A. True. A person can go to a private physician or to a public health clinic for the treatment of an STD.
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20. Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. Public policies enable health officials to locate and contact sexual partners of people who have been diagnosed with an STD.
True
False

21. Quick Review - Answer
A. True. Public policies enable health officials to locate and contact sexual partners of people who have been diagnosed with an STD.
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22. End of Lesson 2
Click Home to view the Main menu.

23. An Epidemic of STDs in the United States
Human Papillomavirus
An Epidemic of STDs in the United States
The human papillomavirus (HPV), is considered the most common STD in the United States.
About 30 different types of HPV can infect the genital area.
Most types of HPV infections are asymptomatic.
A Pap test and other medical examinations may detect changes associated with HPV.
Almost all cases of cervical cancer are caused by certain types of HPV.
The human papillomavirus, or HPV, is a virus that can cause genital warts or asymptomatic infection.

24. What Is Chlamydia? Chlamydia
Chlamydia is asymptomatic in 75 percent of infected females and 50 percent of infected males.
Chlamydia is diagnosed by laboratory examination of secretions from the cervix and the urethra.
It can be treated with antibiotics, but no immunity develops, so a person can become infected again.
Chlamydia can cause premature birth, and infants born to infected females may develop eye disease or pneumonia.
Chlamydia is a bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs of both males and females.

25. What Is Genital Herpes? Genital Herpes
Most individuals who have genital herpes are asymptomatic.
Those who do show symptoms typically have blisterlike sores in the genital area that occur periodically.
Diagnosis is made through laboratory tests on the fluid from the blisters.
Medication can relieve the symptoms but cannot cure herpes infection.
The herpes virus is potentially fatal for infants who contract the virus from their mothers at the time of delivery.
Genital herpes is an STD caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV).

26. What Is Gonorrhea? Gonorrhea
Symptoms of gonorrhea include a discharge and pain or burning on urination.
Diagnosis in males is made by staining and examining the discharge under a microscope.
Diagnosis in females is made by swabbing the cervix and growing the organisms in a laboratory.
Infants born to mothers with gonorrhea can contract eye infections that cause blindness.
Gonorrhea is a bacterial STD that usually affects mucous membranes.

27. What Is Trichomoniasis?
Trichomoniasis may result in vaginitis, an inflammation of the vagina characterized by discharge, odor, irritation, and itching.
When symptoms do occur in males, they include mild urethral itching or discharge and burning after urination.
In females, trichomoniasis is diagnosed by microscopic examination of the discharge, while males are usually treated without laboratory testing if their partners are infected.
Trichomoniasis is an STD caused by a microscopic protozoan that results in infections of the vagina, urethra, and bladder.

28. What Is Syphilis? Syphilis
The first sign of syphilis is a painless reddish sore called a chancre.
The sore will heal on its own, but if the infection is not treated, it spreads through the blood to other parts of the body.
Eventually, the disease can damage internal organs, including the heart, liver, nervous system, and kidneys.
An infant infected with syphilis may have a damaged nervous system and can die from the effects.
Syphilis is a bacterial STD that attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a small bacterium called a spirochete.

29. A. Correct! A Cystitis is an STD that consistently presents noticeable symptoms.
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30. You have answered the question incorrectly
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31. A. Correct! Effects of common STDs on infants do NOT include the following: infants born to mothers with herpes can die from the mother’s infection.
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32. You have answered the question incorrectly
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33. A. Correct! A person can go to a private physician or to a public health clinic for the treatment of an STD.
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34. You have answered the question incorrectly
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35. A. Correct! Public policies enable health officials to locate and contact sexual partners of people who have been diagnosed with an STD.
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36. You have answered the question incorrectly
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