1. Ted Keller Senior Meteorologist KOLR/KSFX-TV Springfield, Missouri
The Functionality of a New Radar Software Package: GRLevel2 Analyst Edition
Ted Keller
Senior Meteorologist
KOLR/KSFX-TV
Springfield, Missouri

2. I’m from Springfield, Missouri
Much of our “skyline” is due to this guy
Missouri State University
Perhaps many of you may be more familiar with Branson, Missouri

3. This Presentation Why I decided to give this talk
Review of AE software capabilities
Using AE in real-time
Considerations for using AE on air
Establishment of a radar resource or dialog program (via a web site?)

4. My Radar Experience WSR-57C (first hook echo) Kavorus RADAC
WSI 1010N (level 3, NIDS)
Baron FasTrac Millennium

5. The NIDS Years Useful for quick diagnostic; storm attributes
NIDS images poor quality; hard to “see” many features
Storm attributes delayed from images
Storm attributes not perfect
The whole NIDS set up discouraged any detailed analysis

6. Why This Talk?
I’m excited! AE has opened a whole new world of radar analysis
I come from background with no live radar experience
I’m certainly no radar expert but I believe I represent many of you with similar backgrounds and experiences
AE has improved severe weather coverage!

7. GR2 Analyst Edition (AE)
AE reads Level II data from the NWS 88D radar (real-time or archived)
It was designed as a volume-rendering tool allowing users to view radar data in three dimensions plus time (4D)
AE is also a very slick 2D radar viewer with lots of useful features

8. GR2 Analyst Edition (AE)
AE uses hail detection algorithms patterned after those developed by the National Severe Storms Lab (NSSL)
The environmental data used by the algorithms can be entered by hand or automatically input using RUC objective analysis data
AE generates two hail parameters:
POSH, Probability of Significant Hail
MEHS, Maximum Estimated Hail Size

9. GR2 Analyst Edition (AE)
The user can input storm motion vectors used in the calculation of storm relative velocity (SRV)
AE calculates vertically integrated liquid (VIL) density (VILD)
VILD takes the entire storm height into consideration and uses all reflectivity (including hail) in its calculation

10. AE 2D Fields Base reflectivity (BR) Base Velocity (BV)
Storm Relative Velocity (SRV)
Spectrum Width (SW)
Echo Top (ET)
Vertically Integrated Liquid (VIL)
Vertically Integrated Liquid Density (VILD)
Probability of Significant Hail (POSH)
Maximum Expected Hail Size (MEHS)

11. 2D Features Elevation scan selection Derived products Screen markers
Storm motion vector
2D “slice”
Placefiles and shapefiles
Exporting images

12. Note: the radar data is level 3 in this example
Place and Shape Files
Note: the radar data is level 3 in this example

13. The Volume Rendering Engine
Four viewable fields:
Base reflectivity
Base velocity
Storm relative velocity
Spectrum width
Allows storms to be viewed in three dimensions
Two modes:
Lit Surface, uses an alpha table to produce semi-transparent dBZ surfaces
Isosurface, users can step through dBZ levels

14. Lit Surface Example Solid 50 dBZ surface (red)
What is this?
Solid 50 dBZ surface (red)
Semi-transparent 45 dBZ “shell” (gold)

15. Isosurface Example An externally produced animation showing
successive layers of dBZ being stripped away

16. 3D Alpha Table
Users can select which dBZ levels are visible and their degree of transparency by manipulating an alpha color table
Solid above 50 dBZ
“shell” at about 45 dBZ

17. Strong Tornado

18. Where Are the Attributes?
At present, there are none in AE
The issues are what to offer and how to display it, not whether it should be done
Velocity data: noisy data subject to aliasing issues

19. Current Cut-In Policy Definite: Subjective:
At least one live cut-in for all tornado warnings
Subjective:
“Preemptive Strike”: a cut-in for a storm likely to become tornadic
Ongoing coverage of tornado warnings that fall short of “wall-to-wall”
Most severe thunderstorm warnings are not covered with a cut-in

20. Preemptive/Ongoing Tornado Coverage
Just using AE in 2D with Level II data is a huge improvement!!
In 3D, features such as BWER’s are plain to see
What about the “tornado finger”? (“fickle finger of fate”)
AE definitely aids the decision making process

21. Noteworthy 3D Features Tornado tube Hail cores
Bounded Weak Echo Regions (BWER’s)
Overhangs
Triple Backscatter
Overshooting Tops

22. An Example of a Three Body Scatter Spike (TBSS)

23. Non-Tornadic Storms
Cut-in decision based on general storm intensity, weighed heavily by population density!
Can AE provide enough detailed storm information to justify more cut-ins for non-tornadic events?

24. Finding Hail Cores in 4D
AE makes it easier to visualize developing and descending hail cores using the volume rendering engine
AE also has sophisticated hail probability and estimated hail size algorithms

25. Extreme Hail Cores

26. Hail Size - MEHS Tennis Ball (2.5”) sized hail near Moody, MO
AE estimated 2.76” 4 minutes before the reported time of the hail

27. Using AE On-Air
It should first be stated that AE in its present form was not designed specifically for on-air use
If future builds lean in this direction, there are only two considerations:
Would AE add meteorological value?
How does it look? Is it understandable?

28. Just the Facts
I tend to lean toward the “Joe Friday” approach to live cut-ins meaning I believe the public is best served by clear graphics which state what, where and when
On the other hand, this is TV and where would we be without a certain level of enthusiasm for new products and visualization techniques?

29. How Does it Look? Is it Understandable?
AE has done a great job giving the user graphical options to make the product look fantastic!
Will viewers understand what they are looking at? Perhaps.
Need accurate geographical reference points
Must be selective about what to show and careful in your explanation
For stations already committed to 3D radar views, AE is an improvement!

30. Would AE Add Meteorological Value?
This is a tougher question
A few candidates:
Timing of hail core descent
Tornadic signatures
Other undiscovered signatures

31. Future Investigations and Projects
Database of hail size verification
New 3D structures or signatures?
New 3D velocity structures or signatures
Convincing management to invest in a stand alone computer for proper on-air testing
Establishing a radar resource web site

32. Helical Flow
Example of twisted inbound/outbound couplet in 3D velocity data
New signatures here? I don’t know, I’ve never seen images like this before, real-time or otherwise.

33. Level 2 Radar Data (not a comprehensive list!)
Allison House (placefiles and data)
University of Iowa (non-commercial)
National Climate Data Center (archive only)