1. Introduction to Greenhouse
Exploring Greenhouse Structures

2. Warm Up
What building material can you recognize in this photo?

3. Essential Question
What are the common greenhouse designs?

4. Common Green House Designs
4 Common designs
Lean-to
Even-Span
Uneven-Span
Ridge and Furrow

5. Lean-to Greenhouse
shares a wall with a building and relies on the building structure to provide some support for the greenhouse roof.

6. Even-span Greenhouse
Single houses that have roofs with an even pitch and an even width.
Hoop House/Quonset: common even-span greenhouse that uses arching pipes for the framework

7. Uneven-Span Greenhouse
Have unequal pitches and widths.
Limited to hillside use
Rarely Built

8. Ridge and Furrow Greenhouse
Structures consist of a number of greenhouses connected along the length of the house.
Shared interior walls reduce energy costs and allow for large interior spaces.
Best oriented north and south to reduce permanent shadows on the crops created by the gutters.

9. Types of Greenhouses Expanded

10. Greenhouse Framework Supports the greenhouse covering material
Should be:
Strong, allow for maximum amount of light to enter, require little maintenence
Aluminum is most popular
Other materials include wood, steel, angle iron

11. Greenhouse Covering Covering= glazing Considerations
Durable, light transmission, cost, heating effectiveness
Possible materials
Polyethylene
Stretched over greenhouse framework, cheap, not durable, not expensive
Structured sheets
polycarbonate, acrylic, and fiberglass materials have grown in popularity. Multi sheets= good insulation

12. Structured Sheets Polycarbonate structured sheets
most widely used, good light transmission, resist hail damage, easy to work with
Acrylic structured sheets
high light transmission, costly, prone to hail damage, and are less flexible
Fiberglass
discolors after 7 to 10 years, is flammable,and provides poor insulation

13. Glass Considered best greenhouse glazing (covering) material
Highest light transmission
Long lasting

14. Headhouse Attached to the greenhouse
Used as a storage area, a potting area, an office, and/or a shipping area.

15. Retractable Roof Greenhouses
Designs allow the roof to be opened and closed.
Gives plants protection from weather when needed
Reduced watering, rainwater can be used

16. Greenhouse Benches Holds the plants above the ground.
Materials include:
galvanized steel, aluminum, plastic, and rot resistant wood.
Arranged in greenhouse with aisle space to walk
Rolling Benches:
movable bench used to maximize growing space by limiting space for aisles
benches are placed on pipes, which allows them to be easily moved from side to side.

17. Rolling Bench

18. Vocabulary

19. Activities Review Quiz 1 Hand out project worksheet
Go over Review Quiz
Hand out project worksheet

20. Introduction to Greenhouse
Controlling Greenhouse Climate

21. Warm Up
Why is this plant wilting? What does wilting mean?

22. Essential Question
What are the common greenhouse climate control systems?

23. Heating Hot water heat system Steam heat
heating water in a boiler and pumping the hot water through pipes located in the greenhouse located under benches, low maintenance, even heat
Steam heat
boilers that bring water to a boil and the resulting steam flows through pipes in the greenhouse

24. Heating Unit heaters Infrared heat systems
heat air within the unit, then blow the air throughout the greenhouse. Polyethylene tubes evenly distribute air flow, cost more to operate
Infrared heat systems
produce heat energy that is absorbed by the plants, media, and benches, do not heat the air, suited for high greenhouses

25. Cooling Fan and pad cooling system
Number 1 system, based on evaporation of water, pads at one end of the house are kept wet, fans at the other end of the house pull air through the pads. Air entering the house is cooled as water in the pads evaporates.

26. Cooling Fog systems Vents
involve an atomizer that produces water vapor, flash evaporation of this water cools the greenhouse.
Vents
consist of panels that open and allow air exchange with the outside, Natural cooling

27. Energy Curtain
Automated systems using fabrics that can insulate a greenhouse at night and shade the crops during the day
Installed gutter to gutter, run by computers
Short-day curtains
Similar to energy curtains, provides darkness that will simulate a short-day effect.

28. Climate Control Systems
Environmental controls
Devices used to turn greenhouse systems on and off, including heating and cooling systems.
Includes:
Thermostats
Analog controls
Computer controls
Computerized environmental management systems

29. Climate Control Systems
Thermostats are low cost, easy to install environmental controls.
On-off thermostats control fans, heaters, and vents with the change of temperatures.
Analog controls use proportioning thermostats to run amplifiers and electronic circuitry.
heating and cooling operations are integrated resulting in better performance

30. Climate Control systems
Computer controls use microprocessors to make complex judgments based on information from a number of sensors.
Computerized environmental management systems, although expensive, are accurate and can control all the automated systems together.

31. Vocabulary Analog controls Computer controls
Computerized environmental management systems
Energy curtains
Environmental controls
Fan and pad cooling system
Fog system
Hot water heat system
Infrared heat system
Polyethylene tubes
Short-day curtains
Steam heat
Thermostats
Unit heaters
Vents

32. Activities Represent Heating and Cooling and Systems Review Quiz 2
Draw them on a separate piece of paper from your notes. This will be turned in.
Review Quiz 2
Go over Review Quiz

33. Introduction to Greenhouse
Automated Greenhouse Systems

34. Warm Up
What does this machine do? Why is it convenient?

35. Essential Question
What are some advantages of automated systems?

36. Automated Systems
Incorporate technological developments in the production of greenhouse crops.
Automated systems cut down labor costs
Automated systems allow for larger crops

37. Automated Systems- Planting
Automated pot fillers
used to fill pots with medium, medium is lightly packed, and the pots are stacked or move down a conveyor for planting.
Automated seeders
permit the sowing of entire flats or plug trays in a few moments, trays move down a conveyor to a germination room or move to the greenhouse
Automated transplanters
remove small plants from plug trays and transplant them directly to pots.

38. Automated Systems- Transporting
Transporting= most labor intensive part
Conveyor belt systems are used to move plants from one area of the greenhouse to another.
Tray mechanization, has grown in popularity in the U.S.
Individual trays or palletized benches that hold 100 pots or more roll on a series of rails from one area to another.

39. Automated Systems: Watering
Spaghetti tubing
Automated system that involves small tubes connected to a main line
End of each small tube is placed in a pot, and when functioning, dribbles water onto the medium.
Allows flowers and foliage to stay dry

40. Automated : Watering Drip irrigation a system like spaghetti tubing
differs = provides a slow steady drip
Used with hanging baskets
Wastes less !!

41. Automated: Watering Ebb and flood
Watering involves watertight benches in which pots are set
Water or nutrient solutions are pumped into the bench, the medium absorbs the water, and the water drains away.
Little water loss, nutrient levels are easily adjusted, plant foliage kept dry

42. Automated: Watering Capillary mats
consist of porous mats placed on a bench and wetted.
The medium in the pots absorbs the water through capillary action.
Foliage stays dry, high humidity provided

43. Automated: Watering Irrigation booms
Move across the entire bench and well-placed nozzles flood the pots below as they pass over the plants
Commonly used with bedding plants, plug trays, and some potted flowering crops.

44. Automated: Watering Overhead sprinklers
Stationary sprinkler heads placed throughout the growing space
Large amount of water in a short period of time
Often used with bedding plants.

45. Automated: Watering Intermittent mist systems
Produce tiny droplets in the air for the purpose of keeping plant material wet
Commonly used in the propagation phase of production to reduce water stress on cuttings
Continuous or programmed times

46. Vocabulary Automated pot fillers Automated seeders
Automated transplanters
Capillary mats
Conveyor belt system
Drip irrigation
Ebb and flood
Intermittent mist system
Irrigation booms
Overhead sprinklers
Spaghetti tubing
Tray mechanization

47. Activities Research Project Review Quiz 3
1 page SINGLE space paper, size 12 font, times new roman or comic sans
Which automated watering system is the best and why?
Review Quiz 3
Go over Review Quiz

48. Introduction to Greenhouse
Managing a Greenhouse Business

49. Warm Up
What types of jobs are conducted in a greenhouse?

50. Essential Question
What are the types of greenhouse businesses?

51. Greenhouse Businesses
3 categories
Specialty Growers
Wholesale Growers
Retail Growers

52. Specialty Growers
Produce crops sold to wholesale or retail greenhouse growers
Specialize in one, or multiple crops
Can specialize in:
Rooted cuttings
Seed production
Bulbs for forcing

53. Wholesale Growers Produce a limited number of crops Can Produce
Cut roses
Foliage Plants
Potted flowering plants
Products are sold to retail stores

54. Retail Growers
Generally produce a variety of crops sold directly to the public through their own retail outlet.

55. Common Costs Direct materials costs Direct labor costs
those costs including plant materials, pots, chemicals, and growing media.
Direct labor costs
based on production activities such as planting crops, spacing crops, watering and fertilizing crops and managing pests and diseases.

56. Common Costs Continued…
Overhead costs
do not have a direct impact on the production of the crops.
heating fuel, office management and secretarial support, taxes, depreciation, insurance, and utilities
Marketing costs
associated with advertising, packaging products, shipping, and billing.

57. Career Opportunities Greenhouse Manager Grower Marketing manager’s
responsible for the total greenhouse operation
Grower
charge of the day to day tasks involved in producing one or more crops.
Marketing manager’s
sell the crops
Shipping room manager
handling a crop from the time it leaves the greenhouse until it is shipped.

58. Skills Required Understand crops and how to care for them
Mechanical Skills
Understand the market
Deliver plants in a healthy state
Administrative Skills
Good understanding of local, state, and national laws pertaining to plant growing, sale, and transport

59. Vocabulary Direct labor costs Direct materials costs
Greenhouse manager
Grower
Marketing costs
Marketing manager
Overhead costs
Production manager
Propagator
Retail growers
Shipping room manager
Specialty growers
Wholesale growers
Vocabulary

60. Activities
Review Quiz 4

61. Vocabulary Automated pot fillers Direct labor costs Automated seeders
Analog controls
Computer controls
Computerized environmental management systems
Energy curtains
Environmental controls
Fan and pad cooling system
Fog system
Hot water heat system
Infrared heat system
Polyethylene tubes
Short-day curtains
Steam heat
Thermostats
Unit heaters
Vents
Automated pot fillers
Automated seeders
Automated transplanters
Capillary mats
Conveyor belt system
Drip irrigation
Ebb and flood
Intermittent mist system
Irrigation booms
Overhead sprinklers
Spaghetti tubing
Tray mechanization
Direct labor costs
Direct materials costs
Greenhouse manager
Grower
Marketing costs
Marketing manager
Overhead costs
Production manager
Propagator
Retail growers
Shipping room manager
Specialty growers
Wholesale growers

62. Introduction to Greenhouse
Growing Potted Flowering Plants

63. Warm Up

64. Essential Question
What is one important aspect to keep in mind while growing flowering potted plants?