1. Absolutism, Age of Enlightenment, & Revolutions
Unit Five
Absolutism, Age of Enlightenment, & Revolutions

2. Standards – Absolutism & Revolution
SSWH14 The student will analyze the Age of Revolutions and Rebellions.
Examine absolutism through a comparison of the rules of Louis XIV, Tsar Peter the Great, and Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Identify the causes and results of the revolutions in England (1689), United States (1776), France (1789), Haiti (1791), and Latin America ( ).
Explain Napoleon’s rise to power, the role of geography in his defeat, and the consequences of France’s defeat for Europe
Examine the interaction of China and Japan with westerners; include the Opium War, the Taiping Rebellion, and Commodore Perry.

3. Standards – China and Japan
SSWH11 Students will investigate political and social changes in Japan and in China from the seventeenth century CE to mid-nineteenth century CE.
Describe the policies of the Tokugawa and Qing rules; include how Oda Nobunaga laid the ground work for the subsequent Tokugawa rulers and how Kangxi came to rule for such a long period in China.
Analyze the impact of population growth and its impact on the social structure of Japan and China.

4. Standards – Age of Enlightenment
SSWH13 The student will examine the intellectual, political, social, and economic factors that changed the world view of Europeans.
a. Explain the scientific contributions of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, and Newton and how these ideas changed the European world view.
b. Identify the major ideas of the Enlightenment from the writings of Locke, Voltaire, and Rousseau and their relationship to politics and society.

5. Day One
Absolutism

6. First Ten Be sure to have a textbook
Pick up a half sheet reading from the chair – do not write on it – read it and be ready for discussion.
How to do vocabulary this unit
What does divine mean?
What is a monarchy?
What gave kings that “right to rule” over people? Would we follow this model in the U.S.?

7. Hook What is divine right?
What is an absolute monarchy?  Age of Absolutism
How is this different from a democracy?
The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth; for kings are not only God’s lieutenants upon earth, and sit upon God’s throne, but even by God Himself they are called gods... Kings justly gods, for they exercise a... divine power upon earth... God hath power to create or destroy, make or unmake at His pleasure, to give life or sent death to judge and to be judged nor accountable to none, to raise low things and to make high things low at His pleasure... And the like power of kings...
-King James IV/I of Britain, 160

8. Work Session Absolutism Activity with Notes Louis Versailles Tour
Peter the Great
Comparison Activity

9. Absolutism and Divine Right
Absolutism is when a single individual rules with complete power over their subjects. Typically they control your private and public life
Laws are made without the consent of the governed  purpose is to centralize their power
Rule by divine right was used by absolute monarchs in the 16th and 17th centuries to maintain control over the people. This is the belief that the monarch is God’s representative on earth. They receive their authority from God. If you challenge the monarchy, you are challenging God. When you challenge the King that is treason.

10. King Louis XIV
Ruler of France – “I am the State” – “Sun King”
Social: Weakened the authority of the noble class and gave that authority to intendants (government workers – not from a noble class), use of army to put down internal and external opponents
Political: Initiated wars to expand empire and increase wealth
Innovations: Palace of Versailles, dams & irrigation, self-glorification through art – ballet & opera
Culture: ended Protestant freedoms with the Edict of Nantes
Economic: Heavy taxation to fund projects and wars, make France self-sufficient (mercantilism)  colonies
Sun King
Versailles

11. King Louis XIV of France
What characteristics of this painting show the power of King Louis?

12. Chart Analysis
Based on this chart, what assumption can be made concerning Louis and his leadership as an absolute monarch?

13. Peter the Great Czar of Russia – 1682 – 1725
Social: nobility class (boyars) must embrace westernization, large use of peasant labor to build cities
Political: Tension with Church, taxation, First Czar out of Russia
Innovations: St. Petersburg – Window to the West, Grand Embassy
Culture: Westernization (dress and appearance), took control of the Orthodox Church
Economic: heavy taxation for large building projects (St. Petersburg)
Peter the Great - Discovery

14. Czar Peter I of Russia
What image is Peter trying to convey in this painting?

15. Find 3 general similarities and 3 general differences between these absolute monarchs.

16. Louis XIV Peter I Last Ten Comparing Louis and Peter
Compare and Contrast – Louis v. Peter
Absolutism DBQ is due on Thursday
Louis XIV
Peter I

17. Reminders DBQ Activity is due on Friday
Reading Analysis #1 is due on Thursday

18. Day Two
Absolutism in the East

19. What is being described in this quote?
First Ten
Yesterday we discussed Louis XIV & Peter the Great. Would you argue that they were an effective monarch? Why or why not?
“Here a new city shall be wrought [built]…
Shall break a window to the West…
Here flags of foreign nations all
By waters new to them will call…”
Which of the following does not belong?
St. Petersburg, Paris, Versailles
Taxation, frequent wars, freedom of speech
Divine Right, Absolutism, Reason
Louis XIV, intendant, boyar
Grand Embassy, Edict of Nantes, Westernization
What is being described in this quote?

20. Hook
On your worksheet complete the front for Louis and Peter (This should be review).

21. Work Session
Today we will discuss Absolute monarchs in China and Japan.
Complete your chart on the back, just as you did on the front using your textbook:
Japan:
China:

22. Japan Warring States Period (1467-1568) Oda Nobunaga (1568-1582)
Toyotomi Hideyoshi ( )
Tokugawa Ieyasu ( ) BUT his family ruled Japan until 1867  Tokugawa Shogunate

23. Japan under Centralization
Tokugawa Shogunate:
Construction of Edo Castle
Alternate attendance policy for the daimyos
Persecution of Christianity
Resorted to isolationism

25. largest donjon (tower) in Japan
Edo Castle
largest donjon (tower) in Japan
Daimyo were forced to help pay for this project
All surrounding hills were leveled and the bay was filled in!
Daimyo sent 3,000 ships for years to get enough large stone for Ieyasu

26. China
Ming  Qing
Ming embraced exploration and contact with the Europeans/Africans/other Asians
Qing seized power in China in 1644.
Kangxi was their first emperor ( )
Qian-long (grandson) ruled from ( )

27. China under Centralization
Brought restoration through strict boundaries in country
Lower taxation
Patron of the Arts & learning  culture flourished
Religious FREEDOM! – Jesuits and Confucianism allowed
Originally allowed Christian merchants and missionaries (new products brought in and out of country) but soon isolated China – no desire for trade with European countries – Dutch were allowed to stay but had to pay a tribute  China wanted to be self-sufficient.
Successfully invades Korea
Women lacked freedoms

29. Conclusion  Similarities
All rise to power after years of warfare
(better to have strict dictator than chaos and war)
Built strong armies
All raise heavy taxes
Expanded territory
Created a strong centralized power
Brought nobility under control
Drew advisors from middle class
Encouraged better manufacturing and trade
Brought church under gov’t control
Did not allow religious toleration

30. Last Ten
How were western policies similar and different from eastern policies during the Age of Absolutism?
East
West

31. Review Absolutism and Scientific Revolution
Day Three
Review Absolutism and Scientific Revolution

32. First Ten Pick up a sheet from the chair and complete!
Chinese Population Analysis
Crossword Review
I will be checking your DBQ Assignment at this time.

33. Hook
What do you know about the individuals below? Can you list their major accomplishments?
Nicolas Copernicus
Galileo Galilee
Johannes Kepler
Sir Isaac Newton
Definition of Scientific Revolution?
New theories replaced old theories of science that were rooted in a new idea called the scientific method.

34. Work Session Scientific Revolution DBQ and Discussion Work time!
Vocabulary
Analytical Reading

35. Main Ideas
In the mid-1500’s scientists began to question accepted beliefs and make new theories based on experimentation
Such questioning led to the development of the scientific method still in use today.

36. Copernicus Polish Cleric & astronomer
Worked 25 years to develop the Heliocentric Theory which challenged the Catholic Church’s Geocentric Theory (which was based off of research by Aristotle during the Greek Golden Age).
Since he feared the church (heresy) he did not publish his findings until the year of his day in 1543.
He did not have the mathematical formulas to prove his findings, just observations.

37. Galileo Italian Scientist Developed his own telescope in 1609
Findings: Jupiter has 4 moons, the sun has dark spots, and the moon was imperfect.
These findings went against the Catholic Church’s ideas of the moon (again based on Aristotle.
However, Galileo published the Starry Messenger (1632) in which he supported the Copernican theory.

38. Persecution of Galileo
Galileo was put on trial for heresy – Inquisition – Where he reads a confession.
Although he recanted, he was still placed on house arrest until his death in 1642.
The Catholic Church apologized for their actions in
I, Galileo…Florentine, aged seventy years, …kneeling before you,…swear that I have always believed, do believe, and by God's help will in  the future believe, all that is held, preached, and taught by the Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church…I must altogether abandon the false opinion that the sun is the center of the world and immovable, and that the earth is not the center of the world, and moves, and that I must not hold, defend, or teach in any way whatsoever, verbally or in writing, the said false doctrine…I wrote and printed a book in which I discuss this new doctrine already condemned,…I have been pronounced by the Holy Office to be vehemently suspected of heresy, that is to say, of having held and believed that the Sun is the center of the world and immovable, and that the earth is not the center and moves:  …with sincere heart and unfeigned faith I abjure, curse, and detest the aforesaid errors and heresies, and generally every other error, heresy,  and sect whatsoever contrary to the said Holy Church, and I swear that in the future I will never again say or assert, verbally or in writing, anything that might furnish occasion for a similar suspicion regarding me…”

39. Kepler German mathematician & astronomer
Assistant to Tycho Brahe (student of Copernicus)
Findings: planets move in elliptical patterns, not circles & proved Copernican theory using mathematical evidence. Also, many of his findings formed a foundation for Sir Isaac Newton

40. Sir Isaac Newton English scientist – 1600’s
Studied math and physics at Cambridge
Findings: Universal Gravitation, Laws of Motion
“If I have seen further than others, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants.”

41. Questions you should be able to answer…
What was the difference between the helio – and geo – centric theories?
Who had the authority in science prior to the Scientific Revolution?
What was the importance/significance of the Scientific Revolution?
Why did Copernicus not publish his findings until after his death?
Name 3 new ideas and findings by Galileo.
How did Kepler confirm the theories of Copernicus and Galileo?
How was Newton the “capstone” of the Scientific Revolution?

42. Last Ten What am I Thinking? Activity CNN Student News – UN Day!
Reminder – Analytical Reading #1 Due tomorrow on Edmodo

43. Day Four
Enlightenment Ideas

44. First Ten POP Quiz – Pick up scantron
Quiz in 3 minutes – Study your notes from absolutism and Scientific Revolution

45. Hook
Hippocampus Video – What was the Age of Reason/Enlightenment?

46. Work Session
NEQxaFg3M1U/edit?usp=sharing&pli=1
Stations with chart

47. Last Ten One tweet for each thinker – must include 1 hash tag - #
CNN Student News

48. Enlightenment Thinkers and Impact  Revolutions
Day Five
Enlightenment Thinkers and Impact  Revolutions

49. First Ten
Pick up your scantron and review the questions you missed. Ask questions – neighbors and me.
Analytical Readings were graded yesterday and grades were entered – The assignments for the most part were complete (as in answering all of the questions) however, I feel that more detail can be included in the main idea bullet points. Also, formal grammar and spelling is required on any assignment turned in.
Project grades were entered as well. If you have a question about your grade please let me know at the end of class (during announcements)

50. Questions to Review Class average – 80%
#3 – Mita was a labor tribute required by the Incan government – used for government construction of buildings and public works (roads).
#8 – A major result of the European conquest of LA was the diffusion of the Spanish language.
#11- Bartolomeu Dias captained the first ship to sail around the Cape of Good Hope.
#19 – Samuel de Champlain explored the Great Lakes regions and modern day Quebec.
#26 – Dias sailed for Portugal.
#27 – Columbus sailed for SPAIN.
#32 – Pizzaro sailed for Spain.
#33 – slavery and disease
#34 – If African slaves already had small pox they were immune and would not get them again and risk perishing.
#35 – knowledge of agriculture, slave trade was already in existence between Africa, Europe, and Asia, immune to Old World diseases, did not know they “new” world

51. Hook What was the Enlightenment? Major contributions of:
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Voltaire
Mary Wollstonecraft
Cesar Beccaria
Baron de Montesquieu
Jean Jacques Rousseau
How did Enlightenment ideas challenge Absolutism?

52. Work Session Revolution Basics
English Revolution – Glorious Revolution (1688)
American Revolution (1776)
French Revolution (1789)

53. English Revolution (1689)
Troubling times followed Elizabeth’s reign in England in the 17th century.
The House of Stuart reigned with unsuccessful actions.
Using the first two pages in your packet, complete questions #1-6.
During this time in England, colonies were successfully being settled in the New World – original 13 colonies.
The Hanoverians will take the throne next setting the stage for new conflicts through oversea expansion.

55. Recap Complete English and American Revolution Essentials.
Let’s rewrite the English Bill of Rights.

56. English BOR
1. That the pretended power of suspending laws, or the execution of laws, by regal authority, without consent of parliament is illegal.
4. That levying money for or to the use of the crown by pretense of prerogative, without grant of parliament, for longer time or in other manner than the same is or shall be granted, is illegal.
5. That it is the right of the subjects to petition the king, and all commitments and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal.
6. That the raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of parliament, is against law.
7. That the subjects which are Protestants may have arms for their defense suitable to their conditions, and as allowed by law.
8. That election of members of parliament ought to be free.
9. That the freedom of speech, and debates or proceedings in parliament, ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of parliament.
10. That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
13. And that for redress of all grievances, and for the amending, strengthening, and preserving of the laws, parliament ought to be held frequently.

57. American Revolution (1776)
Causes
Effects

59. Last Ten
The concept of a revolution rocked the world of monarchies and created new forms of government for the world to follow.
What other revolutions in modern history can we relate to the age of revolutions in the 18th century?
How do revolutions impact social structure?
Prior to leaving here today you must be able to understand the relationship between the following: Absolutism  Enlightenment  Revolutions

60. Day Six
French Revolution

61. First Ten Causes Effects Pick up your packet.
Answer # 1-6 on pg. 2 (answers only)
Using pg. 3 complete the chart below:
Causes
Effects

62. Hook Explain relationship between these terms:
Absolutism, Enlightenment, Revolutions

63. Work Session
Read and discuss French Revolution in Packet
Start video

64. Last Ten – SPICE of Revolutions
S ocial
P olitical
I nnovations
C ulture
E conomic

65. French Revolution & Napoleon
Day Seven
French Revolution & Napoleon

66. First Ten
“The only representatives of the people of these colonies are persons chosen therein by themselves; and that no taxes have ever been, or can be constitutionally imposed on them but by their respective legislatures.”
The Stamp Act Congress 1765
1. The quote above is the colonial response to the passage of the Stamp Act. The Stamp Act required individuals to pay an additional tax on any printed good (newspapers, paper to write letters on, playing cards, etc). How do the colonists respond to this tax?
2. The political cartoon to the right illustrates the _________________ because __________________.

67. Hook
Complete the “significance” section on page 3 of your French Revolution video notes.
Some important details:
3 Estates
Estates General Meeting
Role of Louis and Marie
“National Assembly”
Tennis Court Oath
Storming of Bastille
1st Estate
Clergy of Roman Catholic Church
1% of population
Owned 10% of land
Paid 2% of their income into taxes
Provided education and relief services to the poor
2nd Estate
Nobility (by birth)
2% of population
Owned 20% of land
Paid little to no taxes
Born into nobility – served on Louis’ court
3rd Estate
97% of population – 50% of income into taxes
Bourgeoisie – wealthy and educated “middle class” believed in Enlightenment ideas, (bankers, business owners, merchants)
Urban Workers (laborers, apprentices, and domestic servants, artisans)
Peasants – consisted of 80% of population (26 million ppl) worked the land

68. Work Session
Finish video – French Revolution

69. Last Ten Vocabulary Review
Glorious Revolution/Bill of Rights/Constitutional Monarchy
American Revolution/Declaration of Independence
French Revolution/The Three Estates/Bourgeoisie
King Louis XVI/Marie Antoinette
Estates-General/Tennis Court Oath
Bastille Day
Reign of Terror/Maximilian Robespierre

70. Napoleon and Latin American Revolutions
Day Eight
Napoleon and Latin American Revolutions

71. First Ten History of Halloween So what just happened? Write this down:
France was in a bad situation due to debt, crop failures, tension between the social classes, and poor leadership. With revolutionary ideas swirling around the world, the bourgeoisie felt empowered to change France. France entered into revolutionary times that were chaotic and deadly. In the end, thousands of people lost their life and France remained in political turmoil.
French Revolution Review

72. Hook Vocabulary Review
Glorious Revolution/Bill of Rights/Constitutional Monarchy
American Revolution/Declaration of Independence
French Revolution/The Three Estates/Bourgeoisie
King Louis XVI/Marie Antoinette
Estates-General/Tennis Court Oath
Bastille Day
Reign of Terror/Maximilian Robespierre

73. Work Session Napoleon Notes with graphic organizer
Latin American Revolutions Reading and Bubble Map

74. Rise of Napoleon Prominent lieutenant in French Army - military genius
1799- coup d'état – claimed dictatorship
Gains vote and trust of the people
1804 – crowned Emperor
By the end of the first decade (1812) Napoleon had much of Europe under this control
France, Netherlands, Italy, Switzerland
Large influence over Russia, Prussia, Austria

75. Napoleon’s Achievements
National Banking System
Lycees – Secondary schools
Concordat (Agreement) with Pope Pius VII to restore Catholicism to France
Napoleonic Code – law code to systemize France
Limited liberty but promoted order and authority (social contract)
Attempted to maintain control over Haiti and New France – not successful
Sold Louisiana territory to Jefferson (now president) in 1803 for 15 million dollars
With his sights lost in the New World he turns to try to conquer Britain … doesn’t work
Only defeat was the Battle of Trafalgar (naval battle lost to GB – had superior navy)

77. Downfall of Napoleon 3 KEY MISTAKES
Continental System
Peninsular war
Invasion of Russia
April 1814 – Napoleon surrenders – banished to Mediterranean island
March 1815 – Returns to France and people support him
Defeated at Waterloo – known as Napoleon’s Hundred Days (last 100 days)
Exiled to South America this time – dies there
Napoleon

80. Significance
“Ideas about the basis of power and authority had changed permanently as a result of the French Revolution. More and more, people saw democracy as the best way to ensure equality and justice for all. The French Revolution, then, changed the social attitudes and assumptions that had dominated Europe for centuries. A NEW ERA HAD BEGUN.”
Pg. 675

81. Congress of Vienna
Goal: New European Order – “one of collective security and stability for the continent”
8 months and 5 superpowers (Russia, Prussia, Austria, Great Britain, and France)
Minister Klemons von Metternich (Austria) emerged as a significant leader at the meetings.
Actions:
Make small countries around France larger
Legitimacy – restore families to the throne
Results:
C. and E. Europe return to Absolutism
FR and GB will be a constitutional monarchy
1815 – Holy Alliance between Russia, Prussia, and Austria

83. Haiti LA influenced by other revolutions Haiti (1791)
Toussaint L’Ouverture – former slave
Slaves + Mulattoes
Independence won in 1798
Napoleon attempted to restore power over Haiti but failed in 1804

84. Latin American Revolutions
Simon Bolivar
“The Liberator” – end Spanish domination in South America
– Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia
Joined with Jose de San Martin who defeated the Spanish in Argentina and Chile in 1810s

85. Last Ten
Study Guide
Vocabulary Assignment … questions – Due Monday

86. Day Nine
Test

87. First Ten Hand in your packet.
Ask questions if you need clarification on topics.
Study!

88. Hook
Prep scantron
Short Answer section

89. Work Session Unit Test (40 min) + short answer Notebook Check
Absolutism DBQ
Scientific Revolution DBQ
Enlightenment Chart
French Revolution Packet
Napoleon/Congress of Vienna/LA Rev WS
Upfront Magazine/Health Survey
Galileo – pg 2
WWI – pg – outline impact on each area

90. Last Ten
Vocabulary #5 due MONDAY