1. Final Exam Review Part B

2. What is Chargaff’s rule?
A. amounts of A=T and C=G
B. amounts of A=C and G=T
C. amounts of A=G and C=T
D. amounts of A, T, C, and G are equal
ANSWER: A

3. What amino acids do these form?
AUG CCG UAC CCC UAG
Methionine - proline - tyrosine - proline- STOP

4. Where is the sugar? The phosphate? The nitrogenous bases?

5. Where is the sugar? The phosphate? The nitrogenous bases?

6. What do you call the 3 bases of:
DNA - mRNA - tRNA
ANSWER: triplet - codon - anticodon

7. Identify the parts of protein synthesis:

8. ANSWERS Transcription = DNA –mRNA (in nucleus) Translation= mRNA –tRNA
(at ribosome)

9. What is the mutation? ORIGINAL DNA: AAA AUG CCC CUA
MUTATION: AAA GUA CCC CUA A. insertion
B. deletion
C. translocation (between 2 diff. chrom.)
D. inversion (flipped on one chrom.)
ANSWER: inversion

10. Which mutations will be inherited?
A. from both somatic and sex cells
B. from only sex cells
C. from only somatic cells
ANSWER: B

11. What do you call the circular DNA in bacteria?
A. rRNA
B. chloroplast
C. nucleolus
D. plasmid
ANSWER: D

12. If you place recombinant DNA into an organism, it is called:
A, genomic
B. eugenic
C. transgender
D. Transgenic
ANSWER: D

13. What are the single-stranded parts of a plasmid called?
STICKY ENDS

14. What is this?

15. Recombinant DNA = inserted DNA from a different organism + plasmid
What is this?

16. What would be the DNA bases to join these single strands?
A T T C C G
T A A G G C G C T A
ANSWER: A T T C C G C G A T

17. Which mutations will be inherited?
A. those from the sex cells of the parents
B. those from the skin cells of the parents
C. those from any cell of the parents
D. those only from the mother
ANSWER: A

18. What do you call this rabbit?
Alba has a gene called luciferase in it from a firefly. It is now…
A. translucent B. transgenic
C. genomic
D. eugenic
ANSWER: B

19. What process separates DNA according to size and charge?
A. PCR
B. gel electrophoresis
C. cloning
D. probing
ANSWER: gel electrophoresis

20. What is the definition of evolution?
A. change in frequency of alleles over time
B. process in which an organism becomes extinct
C. reproductive isolation of members of certain species
D. replacement of one community by another
ANSWER: A

21. Scientific age of the Earth
A. 60,000 years old
B. 4.5 million years old
C. 4.5 billion years old
ANSWER: C
Also: Age of living things 3.5 billion years

22. Define homologous structures:
A. same structures, same functions, same origins
B. same structures, different functions, same origins
C. different structures, same functions, same origins
D. different structures, same functions, different origins
ANSWER: B

23. Inherited traits that help an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment is called:
A. adaptations
B. mutations
C. petrification
D. evolution
ANSWER: A

24. If you have a large number of differences of amino acids in a protein found in two different species suggest that:
A. they evolved in similar environments
B. they are closely related
C. they are distantly related to one another
D. they are the same species
ANSWER: C

25. What are preserved remnants or impressions of the evidence of life?
A. chromosomes
B. traits
C. homologous chromosomes
D. fossils
ANSWER: D

26. When an allele controlling a trait has HIGH fitness its frequency in the population should:
A. decrease
B. increase
C. remain the same
ANSWER: B

27. Which is NOT a condition of the Hardy Weinberg?
A. no migration in or out
B. equal reproduction of all organisms
C. random mating
D. high rates of mutation
ANSWER: D
Also large population and no natural selection

28. When fertile individuals move in or out of a population and reduce genetic differences between these populations is called:
A. gene flow
B. microevolution
C. bottleneck effect
D. founder effect
ANSWER: A

29. Natural Selection works on an organism’s:
A. genotype
B. phenotype
ANSWER: B

30. In what type of rock would you find fossils?
A. igneous
B. metamorphic
C. sedimentary
ANSWER: C

31. Which were most likely the most primitive organisms?
A. corals
B. bacteria
C. fish
D. eukaryotes
E. Mr. Bethem
ANSWER: B or E

32. p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 Hardy-Weinberg
If A=.7 and a=.3, what is the frequency of the homozygous dominant individuals? A B C
D. 1
ANSWER: A
AA = p2 (.7) (.7)
Aa = 2pq
aa = q2
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
Hardy-Weinberg

33. Which graph is showing directional evolution?B. C.
ANSWER: A

34. Which graph is showing directional evolution?B. C.
Directional
Disruptive
stabilizing
White brown black

35. The raw material for evolution comes from…
A, natural selection
B. gene flow
C. mutations
D. genetic drift
ANSWER: C

36. Which are most closely related?
Red algae and
green algae
Red algae brown algae
Diatoms and yeast
ANSWER: brown and red algae

37. Which are most related? Rhea and Stuthio Rhea and Pterocnemia
ANSWER: Rhea and Pterocnemia

38. Darwin did not know about:
A. fossils
B. genes
C. gene flow
D. artificial selection
ANSWER: B

39. Which of these (choose 2)would be in the same family?
Cat alligator lion manatee
ANSWER: cat and lion

40. In what kingdom are all of these?
Cat alligator lion manatee
ANSWER: animalia

41. Which phylogenetic tree shows the most diversity?
A B C
ANSWER: C

42. Which species is most closely related to humans?
ANSWER: chimpanzees

43. What are same structures, same origin, different function?
A. homologous
B. analagous
ANSWER:
homologous

44. What is taxonomy? A. study of molecular biology
B. study of anthropology
C. study of classification
D. geology
E. stuffing dead animal carcasses
ANSWER: C

45. Which are the primary consumers?
ANSWER:
Mouse
Deer
Cricket

46. Where are the producers?
ANSWER: D

47. What % of energy is passed to each trophic level above it?
ANSWER: 10%

48. Which is where both organisms benefit?
A. mutualism
B. parasitism
C. commensalism
D. predation
Answer: A

49. Which fossil is the oldest?
ANSWER: A

50. Describe forest succession
Primary succ = start with rock Seconday succ.=start with soil
Lichen and moss’ acids break down rock
Small plants
Shrubs
Pines then oaks and maples

51. Which is an abiotic factor that functions as a limiting factor for the autotrophs in the ecosystem shown
A. grasshopper 
B. fish 
C. light 
D. hawk
ANSWER: C

52. Which is a population example?
A. leopard frogs in a stream
B. birds in Colorado
C. reptiles in the Sahara Desert
D. trees in a forest
ANSWER: A (same species, same time, same place)

53. First organism in most food chains:
A. herbivore
B. decomposer
C. carnivore
D. photosynthetic
ANSWER: D

54. This graph shows: A. logistic growth B. exponential growth
C. super duper growth
ANSWER: A

55. If the birthrate equals the death rate, the population…
A. reaches zero growth
B. Gradually increases
C. gradually decreases
D. becomes unstable
ANSWER: A

56. Going from sea level to mountain top, an ecologist saw:
Description
-Deep-green
+many birds+ sm. Animals
-bare rock,very little vegetation, few birds
Which biome?
Temperate deciduous forest
tundra

57. Which column contains only abiotic factors?
ANSWER: B

58. What category are these? (animals that eat dead organisms)
A. decomposers
B. scavengers
C. herbivores
D. autotrophs
ANSWER: B

59. Where are the autotrophs?
Fish
Snails
Plants
Gravel
ANSWER:
plants

60. Where is the carrying capacity on the graph?
ANSWER: C
A B C

61. Predator-Prey Graph What’s going on here?
ANSWER: prey density goes down, then predator density goes down

62. Which of the following would be the largest group of organisms?
A. community
B. population
C. species
D. ecosystem
ANSWER: D

63. Largest to smallest Biosphere – whole earth
Biome –lg. area similar temp + organisms
Ecosystem – living + non-living
Community-many species in a place
Population –one species in a place
Species – can interbreed and viable offspr.
Organism – one individual

64. Which of the following would be decomposers?
A. plants
B. fungi + bacteria
C. animals
D. paramecia (protists)
ANSWER: B

65. What is the name of Mrs. Sheldon’s iguana?
A. Spikey
B. Bob
C. Killer
D. Lazy butt
ANSWER: A