1. Territorial Growth and Sectionalism

2. Nationalism vs. Sectionalism
NATIONALISM – A BELIEF AND FEELING OF PATRIOTIC PRIDE IN YOUR NATION. “U.S. a world within itself”
SECTIONALISM – A PRIDE IN ACHIEVEMENT OF ITS OWN REGION OR SECTION.

3. Sectional Differences
Effort by Congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries
Triggered by the request of Missouri as admission to US as a slave state
United States consisted of 22 states, evenly divided between slave and free.
Missouri would upset that balance
Would also represent Congressional support for expansion of slavery

4. Missouri Compromise Argument of admitting Missouri as a slave state
Congressman James Tallmadge of New York proposed Missouri as Free state
Maine which was a part of Massachusetts wanted statehood
Speaker of the House, Henry Clay suggested Maine be admitted as free state, and Missouri slave state
Came to be known as Missouri Compromise of 1820
Keeps the balance of power between free and slave states

5. What does it Do?
Prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36° 30´ latitude line.
Repealed in 1854 by the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
Declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott decision
ruled that Congress did not have the authority to prohibit slavery in the territories.
Holds the Union together for another 40 years

7. Election of 1844

8. Election of 1844 Polk wins election Committed to national expansion
Former governor of Tennessee
Coined term of 54 40’ or fight

9. ADAMS-ONIS TREATY
1819
United States gained Florida from Spain for 5 Million Dollars

10. California as a State
March 1850, California applies for statehood as a free state
California would again upset the balance
Slave states would become minority

12. Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay drafts another plan
California would be admitted as a free state and slave trade abolished in Washington D.C.
Congress would pass no more laws regarding slavery in the new territories from Mexico
Congress would pass laws to help recapture runaway slaves become known as the Fugitive Slave Act.

14. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
Portrayed the moral issues of slavery
Play increased popularity of book
Very popular in the North, Southerners believed it falsely criticized the south and slavery

15. Kansas-Nebraska Act
1854 Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois drafts a bill to organize Nebraska Territory
Territory to be settled by popular sovereignty
Popular Sovereignty: residents vote to decide an issue
Territory to be divided into two territories of Kansas and Nebraska
Repealed the Missouri Comprise of 1820

16. “Bleeding Kansas”
The name Bleeding Kansas refers to the violent sectional conflicts in the American Midwest in the mid to late 1850s.
Also referred to as Bloody Kansas or the Border War, Bleeding Kansas was a very significant event in American History illustrating the depth of the struggle between “slave” and “free” states.

17. John Brown Extreme abolitionist
Led Pottawatomie Massacre which led to five slave-owners being murdered
Led to civil war in Kansas
Continued for three years
Became known as “Bleeding Kansas

18. Outcomes In the conflicts and actual battles preceding the Civil war,
about 55 people died total.
Although the South had tried to get Kansas to become a slave state, Kansas became free in the end, reflecting a prevailing sentiment of antislavery.
The murder and mayhem of Bleeding Kansas were not actual Civil War battles, but they foreshadowed the deadly conflict that was quickly approaching.

19. Dred Scott
Dred Scott was a slave who sued for his freedom, since he had been taken to a territory where slavery was illegal
Went to the Supreme Court Dred Scott vs. Sanford

20. The Decision Court ruled that:
Slaves were not citizens and therefore could not sue
Slaves are property and the U.S. cannot deprive any citizen of taking their property into U.S. territories
Denied citizenship to slaves and free blacks, making the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional

21. Homestead Act of 1862 Offered 160 acres of free land
Live on it for 5 years and improve it