1. Immigration, Urbanization, and Everyday Life, 1860-1900
Chapter 19

2. Guiding Questions 1.) How did Immigrants shape American cities?
2.) What were political bosses and why did they gain power in the post Civil War cities?
3.) Why did tensions develop between civic reformers and the urban poor?

3. Guiding Questions
4.) How did new consumer products and greater leisure time reinforce awareness of class and ethnic differences?
5.) What was “Victorian morality”, and why was it under attack by the late 19th Century?
6.) How did economic and educational transformations affect the social roles of women?

4. Urbanization Urbanization Immigration Housing (Tenements) Sanitation
Social Classes
Americanization

5. Urbanization Why did Immigrants come to U.S. cities? Old Immigrants
New Immigrants
Castle Garden ( )
Ellis Island
Angel Island
Steerage

6. Urban Society Ethnic Neighborhoods Language Barriers Irish Immigrants
Irish-American
German-American
Jewish-American
Italian neighborhood, Mulberry Street, New York

7. Urbanization Slums Ghettos Discriminatory Laws Pollution
Infant Mortality Rate
Hell’s Kitchen

8. Urbanization Fashionable Avenues Fifth Avenue Commonwealth Avenue
Suburbia
New Transportation Methods

9. Everyday Life The Victorian Code The American Woman’s Home
Catherine Beecher
Proper Manners
How did women respond to the Victorian Code?

10. Everyday Life Department Stores Rowland Macy The Adventure of Shopping
Higher Education
Leland Stanford

11. Everyday Life Political Bosses Political Machines Boss William Tweed
Tammany Hall
Grafts
Thomas Nast

12. Everyday Life Battling Poverty Robert Hartley
New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor (AICP)
Charles Brace
New York Children’s Aid Society

13. Everyday Life The Salvation Army “General” William Booth
Josephine Shaw Lowell’s Charity Organization Society (COS)
Accusations against the COS

14. Everyday Life The Social Gospel Washington Gladden
Walter Rauschenbusch
The Federal Council of Churches
Rauschenbusch

15. Everyday Life Settlement Houses Jane Addams Hull House
What types of things did the Hull House offer to those in need?

16. Everyday Life Saloons Immigrant Politics Bare-knuckle prize fighting
Baseball
The New York Knickerbockers
The National League
The Cincinnati Red Stockings

17. Everyday Life Entertainment Vaudeville Amusement Parks (Coney Island)
Dance Halls
Ragtime

18. Everyday Life The Genteel Tradition Eliot Norton E.L. Godkin
The Century
The North American Review
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884)
Mark Twain

19. Everyday Life Public Education in the late 19th Century
William Torrey Harris
Mandatory Attendance Policies
How did the poor react to the new education laws?
How did the Catholic Church respond to the new education laws?