1.
Review

2. What were the major changes/developments from 1450 – 1750?

3. Major Developments
European discovery of Americas creates a New Global Economy which begins a process of globalization
Atlantic Trade Network (Triangular Trade)
Atlantic Slave Trade
Major Biological Exchanges (Columbian Exchange)
New Empires in Asia, Africa, Europe and Americas
Gunpowder Empires
Colonial administrations
Coercive labor systems
Slave Systems
Rise of Europe
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment

4. What were the major civilizations from 1450-1750?

5. Major Civilizations 1450-1750 The Americas: Aztec, Inca
Africa: Kongo, Benin, Oyo, Dahomey, Ashanti, Songhay
East Asia: Ming, Qing, Tokugawa
South Asia: Mughal

6. What were some of the major continuities from 1450-1750?

7. Continuities
Existing trade routes continued to be important to global exchange
No sweeping global cultural changes during this era
No systematic changes in gender relations
Spread of world religions continued
Ex. Christianity to the Americas

8. What were the major global processes from 1450-1750?

9. Global Processes
Triangular Trade Network (including Atlantic Slave Trade)
Exploration
European Colonization of the Americas
Columbian Exchange

10. Must-Know Dates

11. 1453

12. 1453
Ottomans capture Constantinople

13. 1488

14. 1488
Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope

15. 1492

16. 1492
Columbus sails the ocean blue.

17. 1502

18. 1502
African slaves begin to arrive in the Americas.

19. 1517

20. 1517
Martin Luther writes the 95 Theses

21. 1521

22. 1521
Cortez conquered the Aztecs.

23. 1533

24. 1533
Pizarro conquered the Incas.

25. 1571

26. 1571
Battle of Lepanto (naval defeat of the Ottomans)

27. 1588

28. 1588
British defeat the Spanish Armada

29. 1600

30. 1600
Battle of Sekigahara – beginning of Tokugawa Shogunate

32.
Thirty Years War

33. 1683

34. 1683
Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna

35. 1689

36. Glorious Revolution & English Bill of Rights

37. Ottomans capture Constantinople

38. Ottomans capture Constantinople
1453
Ottomans capture Constantinople

39. Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope

40. Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope
1488
Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope

41. Columbus sails the ocean blue.

42. Columbus sails the ocean blue.
1492
Columbus sails the ocean blue.

43. African slaves begin to arrive in the Americas.

44. African slaves begin to arrive in the Americas.
1502
African slaves begin to arrive in the Americas.

45. Martin Luther writes the 95 Theses

46. Martin Luther writes the 95 Theses
1517
Martin Luther writes the 95 Theses

47. Cortez conquered the Aztecs.

48. Cortez conquered the Aztecs.
1521
Cortez conquered the Aztecs.

49. Pizarro conquered the Incas.

50. Pizarro conquered the Incas.
1533
Pizarro conquered the Incas.

51. Battle of Lepanto (naval defeat of the Ottomans)

52. Battle of Lepanto (naval defeat of the Ottomans)
1571
Battle of Lepanto
(naval defeat of the Ottomans)

53. British defeat the Spanish Armada

54. British defeat the Spanish Armada
1588
British defeat the Spanish Armada

55. Battle of Sekigahara – beginning of Tokugawa Shogunate

56. Battle of Sekigahara – beginning of Tokugawa Shogunate
1600
Battle of Sekigahara – beginning of Tokugawa Shogunate

57. Thirty Years War

58.
Thirty Years War

59. Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna

60. Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna
1683
Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna

61. Glorious Revolution & English Bill of Rights

62. Glorious Revolution & English Bill of Rights
1689
Glorious Revolution & English Bill of Rights

63. The Early Modern Era
Review Questions

64. What was the general status of women from1450 – 1750?

65. Women
In most parts of the world, women continue to occupy a secondary status.
In most societies, marriage was primarily an economic arrangement.
In a limited and gradual sense, some parts of Europe began to develop a greater awareness of the injustice of the position women held in society.
Aristocratic women and increasingly middle class women had informal forms of influence over husbands and sons, the education of children, running households and businesses and managing finances.
A handful of monarchs were women.

66. What were the major economic trends in the period 1450-1750?

67. Economic Trends 1450-1750 Rise of a global trade network
Emergence of Europe as a world economic power
Decline in the power of nomadic groups
Inflation as a result of increase in gold and silver
New major trade network (Atlantic)
Increase in the importance of trade-based wealth vs. land- based wealth
New labor systems
Enslavement of Native American and Africans by Europeans
European colonial economies in the Americas heavily dependant on based on slave labor

68. What were the major demographic trends in the period 1450-1750?

69. Demographic Trends 1450-1750 Migration of Europeans to the Americas
Forced migration of Africans to the Americas
Overall global population increase
Largest increases in population were in Europe and Asia

70. What were the major environmental trends in the period 1450-1750?

71. Environmental Trends 1450 – 1750
Transfer of plants, animals and diseases via the Columbian Exchange
Increase agricultural development

72. What were the major cultural and intellectual developments in the period 1450-1750?

73. Cultural and Intellectual Developments 1450 - 1750
European Renaissance
Protestant Reformation
European Enlightenment
Increase in the influence of Neo-Confucianism in China
New art forms in the Mughal Empire in India

74. What were the major land-based powers from 1450 – 1750 ?

75. Land-based Powers 1450 -1750 Ottoman Empire
Safavid Empire (Persia/Present-day Iran)
Mughal Empire (India)
Ming and Qing China
Tokugawa Japan
Songhay (Songhai) Empire (western Africa)
Benin

76. What were the major sea-based powers from 1450 – 1750 ?

77. Sea-based Powers 1450 – 1750
Portugal
Spain
France
England

78. What were the reasons for an increase in the population in Europe from 1450 - 1750?

79. Reasons for Rise in European Population
Introduction of potatoes and corn from the “New World”
European agricultural revolution

80. Describe the phases of Europe’s emergence as a world power from 1450-1750.

81. Rise of Europe 1450 - 1750 Before 1400s – Europe is behind
1500s – 1600s – Europe is about even
1700s – Europe is beginning to pass other parts of the world in terms of wealth and technology
1800s – Europe is becoming a dominant economic and military world power and there is an increase in European imperial activity

82. What were the major political developments from 1450 – 1750 ?

83. Political Developments in Europe 1450 - 1750
1st World Wars (ex. 7 Years War)
Rise of Nation-States
New forms of monarchy
Absolute Monarchies
Parliamentary Governments

84. What is divine right?

85. Divine right
Monarch get their right to rule from God; therefore, this right cannot be taken away

86. What is a nation-state?

87. Nation-state
Solid political units with relatively fixed borders, a sense of national unity and mostly homogeneous populations ethnically and linguistically

88. What were the major social developments in Europe from 1450 – 1750 ?

89. Social Developments in Europe 1450 - 1750
Social diversification as a result of the growing importance of nonagricultural occupations
(ex. Banking, commerce, trade, shop keeping, artisanry, craftsmanship)
Rise of middle class (bourgeoisie)

90. Which dynasties ruled China from 1450-1750?

91. Ming Dynasty ( )
Qing Dynasty (1644-

92. How did Japan begin this period (1450-1750?)

93. Japan was disunified
Governed by military shoguns
Feudal wars
Independent states ruled by landed aristocracy (daiymo)

94. Who unified Japan in 1603?

95. Tokugawa Ieyasu
Tokugawa Shogunate ruled from

96. What were the three gunpowder empires?

97. Ottoman
Safavid
Mughal

98. Where was each empire located?

99. Ottoman – N. Africa, SE Europe, SW Asia
Safavid – Present day Iran
Mughal – northern India

100. What are did the gunpowder empires have in common?

101. Where were the founders of the Ottoman Empire from?

102. Central Asia

103. Who was at the top of the Ottoman political structure?

104. The Sultan

105. How were sultans different from European monarchs?

106. Sultans did not marry
The heir was not necessarily the oldest son

107. Where was the Ottoman capital?

108. Istanbul

109. Who was the greatest of the Ottoman sultans?

110. Suleiman the Magnificent
(aka Suleiman the Lawgiver)

111. What elite group of soldiers supplemented the Ottoman military?

112. janissaries

113. What was the harem?

114. elite social network made up mostly of the sultan’s relatives

115. Who is the best known Ottoman architect?

116. Sinan

117. Who was at the top of the Safavid political structure?

118. The Shah

119. What was the main culture and religion in the Safavid Empire?

120. Persian Culture
Religion – Shiite Muslim

121. What became a national industry in the Safavid Empire?

122. Persian Rugs

123. Who established the Mughal Empire?

124. Mongol warlord – Babur (aka the Tiger) in 1520

125. What was the most important trade item in the Mughal Empire?

126. textiles

127. The Mughals are known for what famous architectural structure?

128. The Taj Mahal