1. Ms. Stewart for the PowerPoint
Renaissance
Special Thanks To
Ms. Stewart for the PowerPoint

2. APS Standards
WHI.13 The student will demonstrate knowledge of developments leading to the Renaissance in Europe in terms of its impact on Western civilization by:
identifying the economic foundations of the Italian Renaissance;
sequencing events related to the rise of Italian city-states and their political development, including Machiavelli’s theory of governing as described in The Prince;
citing artistic, literary, and philosophical creativity, as contrasted with the medieval period, including Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Petrarch;
comparing the Italian and the Northern Renaissance, and citing the contributions of writers.

3. Write a definition for the word, ‘rebirth’
Do Now
Write a definition for the word, ‘rebirth’

4. Lesson 1 Objectives
SWBAT identify factors that contributed to the beginning of the Renaissance

5. Factors that Contributed to the Beginning of the Renaissance
Trade and commerce increased
Cities grew larger and wealthier
Newly wealthy merchants and bankers supported the growth of the arts and learning
The Renaissance was an age of recovery from the disasters of the 14th century, such as the plague, political instability, and a decline of Church power
Recovery went hand-in-hand with a rebirth of interest in ancient culture (e.g., ancient Greece and Rome)
A new view of human beings emerged as people in the Italian Renaissance began to emphasize individual ability

6. Do Now
What was one of the factors that contributed to the beginning of the Renaissance?

7. Lesson 2 Objectives
SWBAT discuss what the Renaissance was and where it began.
SWBAT sequence events related to the
rise of Italian city-states and their political development, including
Machiavelli’s theory of governing as described in The Prince.

8. What was the Renaissance?
The Renaissance was a cultural movement and a time of renewal (Europe was recovering from the Dark Ages and the Black Death/Bubonic Plague)
Renaissance means “rebirth” of classical knowledge and “birth” of the modern world (new intellectual and artistic ideas that developed during the Renaissance marked the beginning of the modern world)

9. Where did the Renaissance begin?
Italy
Italian Cities
Urban Societies
Major Trading Centers
Secular Movement
People lost their faith in the church and began to put more focus on human beings and material possessions

10. When did the Renaissance Take Place?
Roughly the 14th to the 17th century

11. How did the Crusades contribute to the Renaissance?
Crusades (1095 – 1291) = Religiously sanctioned military campaigns waged by Roman Catholics against Muslims who had occupied the near east since the Rashidun Caliphate (founded after Muhammad’s death in 632, the Rashidun Caliphate was one of the largest empires of the time period)
Increased demand for Middle Eastern products
Stimulated production of goods to trade in Middle Eastern markets
Encouraged the use of credit and banking

12. The Black Death: Bubonic Plague
1330s - An outbreak of deadly bubonic plague occurred in China
Mainly affects rodents, but fleas can transmit the disease to people
Once people are infected, they infect others very rapidly
Plague causes fever, painful swelling of the lymph glands, and spots on the skin that are red at first and then turn black = Black Death
Since China was one of the busiest of the world's trading nations, it was only a matter of time before the outbreak of plague in China spread to western Asia and Europe
In 1347, Italian merchant ships returned from a trip to the Black Sea, one of the key links in trade with China. When the ships docked in Sicily (Italy), many of those on board were already dying of plague.
Within days the disease spread to the city and the surrounding countryside

13. Bubonic Plague Continued
After five years 25 million people were dead--one-third of Europe's population.
Even when the worst was over, smaller outbreaks continued, not just for years, but for centuries. The survivors lived in constant fear of the plague's return, and the disease did not disappear until the 1600s.
The disease took its toll on the church as well. People throughout Christendom had prayed devoutly for deliverance from the plague. Why hadn't those prayers been answered? A new period of political turmoil and philosophical questioning lay ahead.

15. Political Ideas of the Renaissance
Niccolò Machiavelli ( )
An Italian Philosopher and Writer based in Florence during the Renaissance
The Prince (Published in 1532)
Machiavelli believed:
“One can make this generalization about men: they are ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers, they shun danger and are greedy for profit”
Machiavelli observed city-state rulers of his day and produced guidelines for how to gain and maintain power.
Absolute Rule
He felt that a ruler should be willing to do anything to maintain control without worrying about conscience.

16. Better for a ruler to be feared than to be loved
Ruler should be quick and decisive in decision making
Ruler keeps power by any means necessary
The end justifies the means
Be good when possible, and evil when necessary
Today, the term “Machiavellian” refers to the use of deceit in politics

17. “The Politics of The Prince”
Video Clip
Discovery Education
“The Politics of The Prince”

18. Guided Practice Excerpts from Machiavelli’s, The Prince Chapter XVII
Whether it is better to be loved than feared
Chapter XVIII
How rulers should keep their promises

19. How did Italian city-states influence the Renaissance?
Do Now: Lesson 3A
How did Italian city-states influence the Renaissance?

20. Lesson 3 Objectives SWBAT
sequence events related to the rise of Italian city-states and their political development and
identify the economic foundations of the Italian Renaissance (e.g., explain the importance of the growth of towns, the rise of a money economy, and the development of independent city-states to the birth and spread of Renaissance ideas)

21. Major Italian City-States
Milan
One of the richest cities, it controls trade through the Alps.
Major Italian City-States
Venice
Located on the Adriatic Sea, it is a major trade route between Asia & Europe.
Milan
Venice
Florence
Controlled by the Medici Family, who became great patrons of the arts.
Genoa
Florence
Adriatic Sea
Genoa
Had Access to Trade Routes
Rome
Rome
Headquarters of the Catholic Church
Tyrrhenian Sea
All of these cities:
Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets
• Served as trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe

23. Italian City-States
Because Italy failed to become united during the Dark Ages, many independent city-states emerged in Italy.
Each city-state was controlled by a powerful family and dominated by a wealthy merchant class. Their interest in art and emphasis on personal achievement helped to shape the Italian Renaissance.
Example: The Medici family of Florence ranked among the richest merchants and bankers in Europe; they ruled Florence for over 70 years.

24. Centralized Power
One governing authority (ex. U.S. Federal Government; principals) controls power over several smaller entities (ex. State governments; teachers)

25. Reminder
Renaissance means “rebirth” of interest in ancient culture (Greece and Rome)

26. 28.4 The Influence of Italian City-States

27. How does trade help spread culture, ideas, beliefs, etc.?
Do Now: Lesson 3B
How does trade help spread culture, ideas, beliefs, etc.?

28. 28.3 The Growth of Trade and Commerce

29. Activity: Act-It-Out Work in groups Each group will receive role cards
Review role cards and use info. from the Reading (28.3) to generate ideas for how to accurately bring your character to life
Take a few minutes to prepare and practice
Each group will conduct the ‘Act-It-Out’

30. Why do you think art was so influential during the Renaissance?
Do Now
Why do you think art was so influential during the Renaissance?

31. Lesson 4 Objectives
SWBAT cite artistic, literary, and philosophical creativity, as contrasted with the medieval period, by:
Learning about the elements of classical, medieval, and Renaissance art
Identifying the period – classical, medieval, or Renaissance – in which six artworks were created

32. The Renaissance produced new ideas that were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and literature.
Patrons, wealthy from newly expanded trade, sponsored works which glorified city-states in northern Italy. Education became increasingly secular.

33. Medieval art and literature focused on the Church and salvation
Classical art showed the importance of people and leaders, as well as gods and goddesses
Medieval art and literature focused on the Church and salvation
Renaissance art and literature focused on the importance of people and nature, along with religion

34. Activity: Classical, Medieval, or Renaissance?
Think, Pair, Share
Look at each piece of artwork and determine which period the artwork is from: Classical, Medieval, or Renaissance
List three reasons for your choice
Use your notes and the information from your reading (History Alive! 28.2) for help

36. Share Now, let’s see how we did! Classical = Raise 1 Finger
Medieval = Raise 2 Fingers
Renaissance = Raise 3 Fingers

37. Classical Art History Alive! Pg. 316 ‘Discobolus’
Figures were lifelike but often idealized (more perfect than in real life)
Figures were nude or draped in togas (robes)
Bodies looked active, and motion was believable
Faces were calm and without emotion
Scenes showed either heroic figures or real people doing tasks from daily life

38. Medieval Art History Alive! Pg. 317 ‘Narthex Tympanum'
Most art was religious, showing Jesus, saints, people from the Bible, and so on
Important figures in paintings were shown as larger than others around them
Figures looked stiff, with little sense of movement
Figures were fully dressed in stiff-looking clothing
Faces were serious and showed little feeling
Paint colors were bright

39. Renaissance Art History Alive! Pg. 317 ‘The School of Athens’
Artists showed religious and nonreligious scenes
Art reflected a great interest in nature
Figures were lifelike and three-dimensional, reflecting an increasing knowledge of anatomy
Bodies looked active and were shown moving
Figures were either nude or clothed
Scenes showed real people doing everyday tasks
Faces expressed what people were thinking
Paintings were often symmetrical (balanced, with the right and left sides having similar or identical elements)

40. Do Now
Describe similarities and differences between Medieval art and Renaissance art

41. Lesson 5 Objectives SWBAT:
Cite artistic, literary, and philosophical creativity, as contrasted with the medieval period, including Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Petrarch
Compare the Italian and the Northern Renaissance, and citing the contributions of writers

42. New Techniques also emerged.
Renaissance artists embraced some of the ideals of ancient Greece and Rome in their art.
The purpose of art would no longer be to glorify God, as it had been in Medieval Europe. Artists wanted their subjects to be realistic and focused on humanity and emotion.
New Techniques also emerged.

43. Art and Patronage
Italians patrons (financial supporters) were willing to spend a lot of money on art
Art communicated social, political, and spiritual values and therefore, the consumption of art was used as a form of competition for social & political status.

44. What was different in the Renaissance?
Realism
Perspective
Emphasis on individualism
Geometrical arrangement of figures
Light and shadowing
Softening of edges
Artist able to live from commissions

45. Characteristics of Renaissance Art

46. 1. Realism & Expression Expulsion from the Garden Masaccio 1427
First nudes since classical times.

47. 2. Perspective First use of linear perspective! Perspective!
The Trinity
Masaccio
1427
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
First use of linear perspective!
What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become.

48. 4. Emphasis on Individualism
Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino
Piero della Francesca,

49. 5. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures
Leonardo da Vinci
1469
The figure as architecture!
The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate

50. 6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges
Sfumato:
gradual blending of one area of color into another without a sharp outline
Chiaroscuro:
use of light
and shade
Ginevra de' Benci, a young Florentine noblewoman who, at the age of sixteen, married Luigi Niccolini in 1474.

51. Born in 1475 in a small town near Florence, is considered to be one of the most inspired men who ever lived; he was a sculptor, painter, engineer, architect, and poet.

52. Michelangelo created his masterpiece David in 1504.
The Biblical shepherd, David (who killed Goliath) recalls the harmony and grace of ancient Greek tradition

53. What a difference a century makes!

54. Sistine Chapel
About a year after creating David, Pope Julius II summoned Michelangelo to Rome to work on his most famous project, the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
Depicts the biblical history of the world from the Creation to the Flood

55. Separation of Light and Darkness
Creation of Adam
Creation of Eve
The Last Judgment
Separation of Light and Darkness

56. Pieta 1499 Marble Sculpture
Captures the sorrow of the Virgin Mary as she cradles her dead son, Jesus on her knees

57. Moses

58. Painter, Sculptor, Architect, Mathematician, Engineer
Painter, Sculptor, Architect, Mathematician, Engineer

59. Mona Lisa ( )

60. Jesus and his apostles on the night before the crucifixion
The Last Supper ( )
Jesus and his apostles on the night before the crucifixion

61. Notebooks
Leonardo da Vinci dissected corpses to learn how bones and muscles work

62. Raphael Painter

63. An imaginary gathering of great thinkers and scientists
The School of Athens
Perspective
Subjects are mainly secular, but can be religious
Figures look idealized, but can also look like everyday ordinary people
Bodies are active
Clothed or unclothed
Faces are expressive
Detail
1510 Fresco
Vatican City
An imaginary gathering of great thinkers and scientists

64. Pythagoras
Plato and Aristotle
Socrates

65. Raphael (back)
Euclid
Zoroaster & Ptolemy

66. The Renaissance in northern Europe (outside Italy)
Northern Renaissance
The Renaissance in northern Europe (outside Italy)
There was increased cultural exchange between European countries
Printed materials helped to spread ideas
Centralization of political power made the northern Renaissance distinct from the Italian Renaissance (e.g., nation-states instead of Italian city-states)

67. • Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas.
• Northern Renaissance thinkers merged humanist ideas with Christianity.
• The movable type printing press and the production and sale of books (Gutenberg Bible) helped disseminate ideas and allowed more people to become educated.

68. Cultural and educational reform
The study of classical culture (ancient Greece and Rome), in contrast with the study of things related to the church and religion
Celebrated the individual
Was supported by wealthy patrons (financial supporters)

69. Literature flourished during the Renaissance and spread Renaissance ideas, which can be greatly attributed to Johannes Gutenberg.
In 1455 Gutenberg printed the first book produced by using moveable type, The Bible, and started a printing revolution that would transform Europe.
Literacy rates increased

70. Petrarch Poet, Humanist scholar
Francesco Petrarch
Assembled Greek and Roman writings
Wrote:
Sonnets to Laura
(Love poems in the Vernacular)
Influenced William Shakespeare

71. William Shakespeare 1564-1616 English poet and playwright
Well-known plays include:
Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet
Influence and Impact on the Renaissance:
He expanded the dramatic potential of characterization (his
characters were very complex), plot, language (creative), and genre

72. Erasmus (1466-1536) Dutch humanist
Pushed for a Vernacular form of the Bible
“I disagree very much with those who are unwilling that Holy Scripture, translated into the vernacular, be read by the uneducated As if the strength of the Christian religion consisted in the ignorance of it”
Wanted to reform the Catholic Church
Wrote: The Praise of Folly
Used humor to show the immoral and ignorant behavior of people, including the clergy. He felt people would be open minded and be kind to others.

73. Sir Thomas More (1478-1535) English Humanist Wrote: Utopia
A book about a perfect society in which men and women live in harmony, there is no private property, no one is lazy, all people are educated and the justice system is used to end crime instead of executing criminals

74. Bibliography
Images from:
Corbis.com
Web Gallary of Art

75. Important to Remember
Accomplishments in the visual arts – Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael
Accomplishments in literature (sonnets, plays, essays) – Petrarch, Shakespeare
Accomplishments in intellectual ideas (humanism) – Erasmus