1. Chapter 15 Preventing Sexually Transmitted Disease

2. Sexually Transmitted Disease
90 % of STD’s occur among persons from 15 – 29.
There are over 25 known STDs, some of which are incurable.
Risks increase:
More sexual partners
Alcohol and drug use

3. Curable and Incurable STDs
Viral (incurable)
AIDS
Genital herpes
Genital warts
Hepatitis B
Bacterial (curable)
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis

4. What is HIV and AIDS?
AIDS Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is caused by HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HIV attacks lymphocytes (white blood cells) called T-cells.
The reduction of T-cells results in a weakened immune system
The AIDS diagnosis is made once opportunistic diseases occur.
Many AIDS victims can survive for many years with the use of antiretroviral therapy, which delays AIDS progression

5. HIV Symptoms
There may be no symptoms for up to 10 to 12 years until the immune system is suppressed enough to cause problems
Symptoms:
Chronic fatigue
Swollen lymph gland
Unexplained weight loss
Fevers, and night sweats.

6. How Is HIV Transmitted Through bodily fluids :
Blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk.
Sexual intercourse with an HIV carrier.
Sharing of hypodermic needles.
Pregnant women to their fetus
Mother to their baby (breast milk).
Blood transfusions (Rare)

7. HIV: What is Safe? Safe Casual contact. Hugging. Eating after.
Massage.
Masturbation.
Insects.
Unsafe
Vaginal sex.
Anal sex.
Oral sex.
Deep kissing.
Multiple partners.
Sharing needles.

8. Should I Be Tested? Be tested if: You have had any STD.
Shared drug needles.
Had sex with a prostitute.
Had sex with a man who had sex with another man.
Had unprotected sex with three or more partners.
Remember:
Could take 3 to 6 months before antibodies appear in blood.
No symptoms during incubation.
Wait to be tested until 6 months with no risk behavior.

9. Genital Herpes: Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) No Cure
Transmission
Direct contact with infectious blisters or sores usually on genitals, anus, or mouth.
Incubation
2-12 days
Typical Symptoms
Painful blisters or sores form (heal in 2 to 4 weeks).
Sores may reappear throughout life
Reoccurrences stimulated by stress, fatigue, and illness
Diagnosis
Visual examination and tissue culture.
Treatment
Medications (acyclovir)
Danger
Can be fatal to infants who acquire the disease.

10. Genital Herpes

11. Genital Warts: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) No Cure
Transmission
Direct contact with visible or non visible warts in genital area.
Incubation
Range from 1-8 months.
Typical Symptoms
May have no symptoms
Flat or round bumps with cauliflowerlike appearance
Diagnosis
Visual examination, tissue cultures. Pap smears can detect warts not visible. Common cause of cervical cancer.
Treatment
Freezing, laser, chemical prep, and surgery. Danger
HPV causes cervical cancer. Pap smears are important.

12. Genital Warts

13. Hepatitis B: Virus No Cure
Transmission
Vaginal, anal and oral sex, sharing needles, and mother to baby.
Incubation
1 – 9 months
People can carry the virus with no active infection (and spread to others)
Typical Symptoms
None
Flu-like feelings, itching, and joint pain.
Diagnosis
Blood test.
Treatment
A vaccine is available.
Dangers
Progressive destruction of liver cells, cirrhosis, or liver cancer.

14. Hepatitis B Liver

15. Chlamydia: Bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis
Transmission
Sexual contact and hand to eye.
Incubation
7-14 days or longer.
Typical Symptoms
Up to 80% of women and 50% of men have no symptoms.
Discharge, itching, burning, painful urination, and flu-like symptoms.
Diagnosis
Culture tests of discharge
Treatment
Curable with certain antibiotics (not penicillin).
Danger
If untreated, can cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.

16. Chlamydia: Bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis

17. Gonorrhea: Bacteria Transmission
Direct contact between mucous membranes, i.e., genitals, anus, and mouth.
Incubation
2-14 days.
Typical Symptoms
No symptoms 80% of women and 20% of men
Discharge, burning and itching, painful urination, or a mild sore throat. Genitals, anus, throat, and eyes
Diagnosis
Microscopic observation of discharge. Culture from site.
Treatment
Curable with antibiotics. Some strains may become resistant.
Danger
Can cause PID and sterility in men and women.

18. Gonorrhea: Bacteria

19. Syphilis: Bacteria Treponema pallidum
Transmission
Direct contact with infectious sore or rashes.
Incubation
1 to 12 weeks before primary stage.
Typical Symptoms/Stages
Primary: painless chancre sore
If not treated leads to secondary syphilis
Secondary: 2 weeks to 6 months after chancre.
Rash, flu-like symptoms, patchy hair loss.
If not treated leads to latent syphilis
Latent
No longer infectious to carry bacteria and lead to tertiary.
Tertiary Stage:
3 to 40 years later, damage to body organs such as the brain and heart, paralysis and death.
Diagnosis
Physical examination, microscopic test from sore, blood tests.
Treatment
Cured with antibiotics.

20. Syphilis Chancre Sore

21. Other STD’s Trichomonas – treatable parasite
Vaginosis – inbalance in bacteria
Chancroid – curable genital sore
Pubic lice – treatable parasite
Scabies – treatable parasite

22. Prevention of STDs Abstinence Avoid sexual intercourse. Stay Faithful
Monogamy with one uninfected partner
Choose Lower Risk Behaviors
No fluid exchange
Take Precautions
Limit the number of sex partners
Use a latex condom
Avoid Drug Use
Mind-altering drugs, including alcohol
If you are sexually active
Observe your partners for sores, discharge or needle tracts
Get an STD exam every 6 months.