2. Diploma Engineering Sem I
English Grammar Types of Sentence

3. What is Sentence?

4. What is Sentence?
A set of words that is complete in itself, typically containing a subject and predicate, conveying a statement, question, exclamation, or command, and consisting of a main clause and sometimes one or more subordinate clauses.
From:

5. (English) Sentence Structure Assertive Subject + Verb + Object

6. What is Verb? A word used to describe an action, state, or
occurrence, and forming the main part of the
predicate of a sentence, such as hear, become,
happen.
From:

7. Subject + Verb + Object / Complement
What is Verb?
Subject + Verb + Object / Complement
I am a teacher
I have a book
I teach English

8. A verb is a word that shows position (being), possession or action.
What is Verb?
A verb is a word that shows position (being), possession or action.

9. Types of Sentences
Simple:
Compound:
Complex:

10. Verb is a word that shows • Action (to do) • State / Position / Existence (to be) • Possession / Relation (to have) Sentence Shows I teach English Action I am a teacher State / Position / Existence I have a book Possession / Relation

11. (English) Sentence Structure Other than SVO Assertive
• Subject + Verb + Object (Noun)
• Subject + Verb + Complément (Noun / Adjective)
• Subject + Verb + Adverb
Subject + Verb + Adjective
• Subject + Verb + Adverbial / s

12. (English) Sentence Structure Other than SVO
• He is a teacher (subject + Complement) • He teaches (Subject + verb) • He teaches English (Subject + object) • He teachers well (Subject + adverb) • He teaches in the class (Subject + Adv. of Place) • He teaches everyday (Subject + Adv. of Frequency) • He teaches at 10 o’clock (Subject + Adv. of Time)

13. Types of Sentences
Simple:
Compound:
Complex:

14. Types of Sentences Simple: one subject + one predicate Compound:
Complex:

15. Types of Sentences Simple: one subject + one predicate
Compound: Two simple sentences joined by Conjunction
Complex:

16. Types of Sentences Simple: one subject + one predicate
Compound: Two simple sentences joined by Conjunction
Complex: Main clause and sub-ordinate clause joined by Connector

17. Simple Sentences
What is Predicate?

18. Predicate
The part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the subject
(e.g. ‘went home’ in “John went home”)
From:
Predicate is statement about the subject or it is a part of sentence except the subject

19. Simple Sentences
Simple: one subject + one predicate
I am a teacher

20. Simple Sentences Simple: one subject + one predicate
Subject I am a teacher Predicate

21. Mostly subjects are in one word
Predicate I
am a teacher We
are friends
You
are my cousin
They
have gone to Mumbai He
is preparing for exam
She
is a sincere student It
can run fast

22. Subjects containing more than one word
Predicate
The girl in a read saree
is my sister
The books on that table
are mine
The plants with yellow flowers
are beautiful
The book he bought
is very costly
The news I heard
was very surprising

23. Subject The plants with yellow flowers Predicate are beautiful .

24. Compound Sentences
Compound: two simple sentences joined with conjunction such as and, but, so, therefore, yet, etc….

25. ‘So’
So : This connector is used to indicate the consequences a well as the reason.
Ex.
She has lot of pending so she is not able to come
I was very tired so I could not go out with my friend
The machine is out of order so the production is delayed
The students did not complete the work so the teacher punished him

26. Compound Sentences with ‘so’
Simple Sentence no. 1
Clause showing reason
Clause showing result

27. Compound Sentences with ‘so’
Ex.
She has lot of work pending so she is not able to come
I was very tired so I could not go out with my friend
The machine is out of order so the production is delayed
The students did not complete the work so the teacher punished him
Sub
Predicate
conjunction
She
has lot of work pending so
she
is not able to come I
Was very tired
could not go out with my friend
The machine
is out of order
the production
is delayed
The students
did not complete the work
the teacher
punished him

28. Complex Sentences
Complex: main clause and sub-ordinate clause Connected by Connector such as Who Whom Whose Which Where When and Why Sub-ordinate clause depends on the main clause

29. Formulation

30. Formulation
Main Clause

31. Formulation
Main Clause +

32. Main Clause + Subordinate Clause
Formulation
Main Clause + Subordinate Clause

33. What do we mean by Main Clause and Subordinate Clause?
Formulation
What do we mean by Main Clause and Subordinate Clause?

34. Formulation
Main Clause:

35. Formulation
Main Clause: Main Clause has its own individual meaning therefore it can stand on its own.

36. Formulation
Subordinate Clause: Subordinate Clause depends on the main clause as it does not have its own individual meaning.

37. Formulation
Main Clause: Main Clause has its own individual meaning therefore it can stand on its own. Subordinate Clause: Subordinate Clause depends on the main clause as it does not have its own individual meaning.

38. Examples Complex Sentence Main Clause with individual meaning
Subordinate Clause that depends on main clause
I get up when it is 7 o’clock
I get up
when it is 7 o’clock
She knows the boy whom you are asking about
She knows the boy
whom you are asking about
The engineer whose work you like is my brother
The engineer is my brother
whose work you like
I know the place which you talked about
I know the place
which you talked about
This is the school where my father is working as a clerk
This is the school
where my father is working as a clerk
What was the date when Gandhiji was assassinated?
What was the date
when Gandhiji was assassinated?
I don’t know why he is absent today
I don’t know
why he is absent today
English Connectors

39. Complex Sentences
A dependent clause may refer to a noun or pronoun in the main clause and may be joined with the main clause by such connectors as Who Which Whose Whom

40. Connectors and their usage
Refers to…
Who
human being (noun or pronoun)
Whom
Whose
Which
Object, bird, animal, insect (noun or pronoun)
Where
Place
When
Time
Why
Reason

41. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
Who
human being
here: Rabindranath Tagore
Clause 1
The Gitanjali was written by Rabindranath Tagore
Clause 2
He was a great painter.
The Gitanjali was written by Rabindranath Tagore who was a great painter

42. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
Who
human being
here: The girl
Clause 1
The girl is my neighbor.
Clause 2
She is in a red saree.
The girl who is in a red saree is my neighbor

43. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
Whom
human being
here: Rabindranath Tagore – the object of the main clause
Clause 1
The Gitanjali was written by Rabindranath Tagore.
Clause 2
Gandhiji called him ‘gurudev’.
The Gitanjali was written by Rabindranath Tagore whom Gandhiji called ‘gurudev’.

44. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
Whom
human being
Here: person
Clause 1
I know the person
Clause 2
The principal was scolding him
I know the person whom the principal was scolding

45. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
Whose
human being
here: Rabindranath Tagore
Clause 1
Rabindranath Tagore was a great poet.
Clause 2
His Gitanjali was awarded the Noble Price.
Rabindranath Tagore was a great poet whose Gitanjali was awarded the Noble Price.

46. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
Whose
human being
Here: Mr. Aanand
Clause 1
Mr. Aanand is my friend.
Clause 2
His photographs are nominated for the National award.
Mr. Aanand whose photographs are nominated for the National award is my friend

47. Which Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause) Refers to Examples
Object, bird, animal, insect (noun or pronoun)
here: Gitanjali
Clause 1
Rabindranath Tagore wrote the Gitanjali.
Clause 2
It is a collection of poems.
Rabindranath Tagore wrote the Gitanjali which is a collection of poems.

48. Which Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause) Refers to Examples
Object, bird, animal, insect (noun or pronoun)
Here: Project
Clause 1
The students are working on a project
Clause 2
It is going to help them a lot
The students are working on a project which is going to help them a lot
A project which the students are working on is going to help them a lot

49. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
Where
Place
here: Shantiniketan Ashram
Clause 1
[ends with place word]
This is Shantiniketan Ashram.
Clause 2
Gandhiji had come to meet gurudev here
This is Shantiniketan Ashram where Gandhiji had come to meet gurudev.

50. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
Where
Place
Here: hospital
Clause 1
[ends with place word]
This is the hospital
Clause 2
My father is working as a doctor here
This is the hospital where my father is working as a doctor

51. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
When
Time
here: 1941 (year)
Clause 1
[ends with time word]
It was 1941
Clause 2
Gurudev passed away.
It was 1941 when gurudev passed away.

52. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
When
Time
here: season
Clause 1
[ends with time word]
Autumn is the season
Clause 2
All the trees shed their leaves in it
Autumn is the season when all the trees shed their leaves

53. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
Why
Reason
here: reason
Clause 1
[ends with reason word]
Nobody knows the reason
Clause 2
He left the job
Nobody knows the reason why he left the job (Adjective Clause)

54. Connectors (in sub-ordinate clause)
Refers to
Examples
Why
Reason
here: I don’t know
Clause 1
[ends with reason word]
I don’t know
Clause 2
She is absent today
I don’t know why she is absent today (Adverb Clause of Reason)

55. Thanks a lot !!! I M Khan Assistant Professor (English)
OM Institute of Engineering & Technology, Junagadh