1. Mr. Mitchell’s C.P. World History Class
The Evolution of the Italian
Renaissance
Mr. Mitchell’s C.P. World History Class

2. Ideas and the Art of the Renaissance
St. Peter’s Basilica
In Vatican city

3. HUMANISM / VERNACULAR
AN INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT OF THE RENAISSANCE BASED ON THE STUDY OF THE HUMANITIES, WHICH INCLUDED GRAMMAR, RHETORIC, POETRY, MORAL PHILOSOPHY, AND HISTORY
–THE LANGUAGE OF EVERYDAY SPEECH IN A PARTICULAR REGION

4. FRESCO / PERSPECTIVE
PAINTING DONE ON FRESH, WET PLASTER WITH WATER-BASED PAINTS
ARTISTIC TECHNIQUES USED TO GIVE THE EFFECT OF 3-DIMENSIONAL DEPTH TO 2-DIMENSIONAL SURFACES

5. What characterized the Renaissance? Where was this the most noticeable?
Secularism and Emphasis on the Individual
Intellectual and artistic accomplishments of the period

6. How did this impact education?
The humanities were created of Humanism’s basis of studying the classics (Greece and Rome)
The Humanities include Grammar, Rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, history

7. How did Humanist writers and artists views differ from writers in the Middle Ages?
Medieval writers had quoted the surviving classical texts in order to give authority to their religious writings
Humanists wanted to use classical values to revitalize their culture.
They saw the ancient Greek and Roman writers as their intellectual equals.

8. Who was Francisco Petrarch
Who was Francisco Petrarch? Identify two things that he looked to accomplish in aspect of Latin?
Known as the father of Italian Renaissance humanism
He looked for forgotten Latin manuscripts and set in motion a search for similar manuscripts in monastic libraries throughout Europe.
Petrarch also began the humanist emphasis on using pure classical Latin.

9. What role did Byzantine and Islamic cultures have in the development of Humanism?
Byzantine scholars provided knowledge of the ancient Greek language
Islamic scholars served as transmitters of ancient Greek culture.

10. Who wrote the Divine Comedy and The Book of the City of Ladies
Who wrote the Divine Comedy and The Book of the City of Ladies? Briefly state the main idea of each of these books? Why were these books written in vernacular? DIVINE COMEDY
Dante Alighieri
The Divine Comedy is a long poem describing the soul's journey to attain Paradise.

11. Dante’s Death Mask

12. So more people could read and understand them
Christine de Pizan
Pizan denounced the many male writers who had argued that women, by their very nature, are unable to learn – she said that women could attain learning as well as men if they could attend the same schools
So more people could read and understand them
Who wrote the Divine Comedy and The Book of the City of Ladies? Briefly state the main idea of each of these books? Why were these books written in vernacular? THE BOOK OF THE CITY OF LADIES

13. In de Pizan’s view, which do you think deserves more credit: a strong body or a strong mind? Explain
De Pizan argues that a person’s gender does not determine his or her ability

14. Why was de Pizan’s assertion that women “have minds that are freer and sharper whenever they apply themselves” such groundbreaking idea during the Renaissance?
Even though the Renaissance was a time of humanism – women were still considered to be les intelligent than men – De Pizan insistence that women should have equal access to education is a pioneering concept

15. Some people believe weakness in one area indicates weakness in another: Others say weakness in one area often means strength in another. Which would de Pizan favor?
De Pizan seemed to favor compensation, that is, weakness in on area means strength in another area

16. According to Humanist of the time period, what was essential for all people to learn? Identify at least three reasons why this was important for people to learn the liberal arts and humanities?
To learn Liberal Studies (Liberal Arts) history, ethics, public speaking, grammar, logic, poetry, mathematics, astronomy, and music
Liberal studies enabled individuals to reach their full potential.
The purpose of a liberal education was to produce individuals who follow a path of virtue and wisdom.
Humanist educators thought that education was a practical preparation for life. Its aim was to create well-rounded citizens, not great scholars.

17. Who pioneered movable type
Who pioneered movable type? How did this invention helped to change the world?
Johannes Gutenberg
As the number of printing presses multiplied, the effects of new technology were felt in every area of European life.

18. What were artists and sculptors attempting to create during the Italian Renaissance? How was art changing because of their art?
Renaissance artists sought to imitate nature. They wanted viewers to be convinced of the reality of their subjects.
These artists were developing a new, human-focused worldview. To emphasize this, many artists painted the human body.

19. Who was Tommaso di Giovanni also known as Massaccio
Who was Tommaso di Giovanni also known as Massaccio? What were two major things that he was able to do with his paintings?
His frescoes are the first masterpieces of Early Renaissance
Human figures in medieval paintings look flat, but Masaccio's figures have depth and "come alive."
By mastering the laws of perspective, Masaccio could create the illusion of three dimensions, leading to a new, realistic style.

20. Masaccio’s Paintings
The Tribute Money

21. What were two major developments used by Florentine Painters during the 15th Century?
One development stressed the technical side of painting
Investigation of movement and human anatomy.

22. Figures who defined the Artistic Aspect of the Italian Renaissance

23. Lorenzo De Medici “The Magnificent” – clever politician
Generous patron of the arts
Represented the Renaissance Ideal
PATRON - A person who provides financial support for the arts
Medici family Coat of Arms

24. Some interesting facts about Lorenzo De Medici
He constantly desired glory
He got very angry with anyone who equaled him
He wanted to equal and compete with all princes
He founded a university in Pisa
His gifts caused his expenses to multiply
He was on the verge of bankruptcy and borrowed money from his friends

25. Sandro Botticelli First Major Artistic Genius under Lorenzo De Medici
His art often is said to epitomize the first modern views of the spirit of the Renaissance
Painted the first major works of art that defined the Italian Renaissance

26. Adoration of the Magi
Painted ( )

27. La Primevera
Painted ( )

28. What city-state was Lorenzo de Medici from?
Siena
Modena
Naples
Florence
The Papal States

29. Leonardo Da Vinci ( )

30. Quotes from Leonardo Da Vinci
“All of our knowledge has its origins in our perceptions”
“Wisdom is the daughter of experience”
“The greatest deception men suffer is from their own opinions”
“The worst evil which can befall the artist is that his work should appear good in his own eyes”
“It had long since come to my attention that people of accomplishment rarely sat back and let things happen to them – they went out and happened to things”

31. Leonardo Da Vinci
Renaissance artists who made legendary works of art which included the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper
His talents extended past just painting – he encompassed a number of areas which included botany, anatomy, optics, music, architecture and engineering
HE IS KNOWN AS THE RENAISSANCE MAN BECAUSE HE HAD A WIDE RANGE OF TALENT IN MANY AREAS

32. List 4 of Leonardo’s Traits that Vasiri praised?
Personal Beauty
Grace
Ability in many fields
Personal Strength
Charm

33. According to Vasiri, why did Leonardo often fail to finish many things.
Leonardo felt that his hands could not execute his mind’s creative ideas

34. Madonna and Child
By Berlinger Lucca (1228??)
By Da Vinci (1508)

35. Vitruvian Man (1490)

36. How did Da Vinci’s attention to anatomy reflect Renaissance ideals?
His sketches reflected the Renaissance impulse to portray the human figure and the natural world more realistically than had been accomplished in the past
This intense study is shown in the Realism of the Mona Lisa

37. Da Vinci's Lifted Wing

38. Da Vinci's Last Supper

39. Why was the prior at Santa Maria Delle Grazie church upset with Leonardo?
He wanted Leonardo to work faster
Leonardo explained that people of genius are really doing the most when they are working the least since they are thinking through artistic ideas and perfecting concepts

40. LEONARDO DIED BELIEVING THAT HE HAD OFFENDED GOD AND MAN BY NOT USING HIS TALENTS TO THE FULLEST. --- WHY DO YOU THINK HE FELT THIS WAY? DO YO AGREE WITH HIM?

41. Michelangelo ( )

42. Michelangelo Full Name – Michelangelo Buonarroti
He was a genius, sculptor, engineer, painter, architect and poet
He created a number of masterpieces including designing the dome of the St. Peter’s Cathedral and the drawing of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

43. Michelangelo’s Pieta (1499)

44. Pieta ( )

45. David – by Michelangelo (1504)

46. Sistine Chapel

47. The Dome of St. Peter’s Basilica
Designed in (1547)

48. Palazzo Vecchio

49. Battle of Cascina by Michelangelo

50. Battle of Anghiari by Leonardo Da Vinci

51. Raphael --1483-1520 Full name Raphael Santi (Urbino)
Legendary artists who blended Christian and classical styles
He is most known for his tender portrayals of the madonna as well as his painting the School of Athens

52. Madonna and Child by Raphael
(1502-3)

53. The Transfiguration by Raphael
( )

54. Raphael's School of Athens