Earth Boot Camp 5.7D: Identify fossils as evidence of past living organisms and the nature of the environments at the time using models.

STAAR 2013 #9; RC3; Supporting; 5.2D
The diagram below shows rock layers next to a road Layer F contains many plant fossils. Layer F most likely formed in which of these environments? A. Desert B. Forest C. Ocean D. Tundra

Release Items; 2006—#24 (74%) 2. The rock column above shows the layers in a rock formation. The three diagrams above show the positions of fossils in different rock layers. According to this information, which fossil is the youngest? F G H J

2009—#23 (77%) 3. The Davis Mountains in West Texas used to be taller than they are now. Which of the following conditions most likely caused the mountains to become shorter over time? A Heat and pressure B Soil deposition C Rain and wind D River formation

4. By examining fossils, scientists think that— A
4. By examining fossils, scientists think that— A plants have changed over time, but animals have not B animals have changed over time, but plants have not C many changes have occurred to plants and animals D it is not possible to determine the past from fossils

5. Why do scientists study fossils. A
5. Why do scientists study fossils? A To find out what past climates were like B To figure out how plants and animals have changed C To learn how the Solar System formed D All of the above answer choices

6. By examining fossils, scientists think that compared to today, in the past Earth's climate has— A always been the same B cooled only during the Ice Age C warmed and cooled many times D warmed only since humans started burning fossil fuels

7. Most fossils are found in – A. frozen rock B. igneous rock C
7. Most fossils are found in – A frozen rock B igneous rock C sedimentary rock D metamorphic rock

8. What information CANNOT be learned from studying an animal fossil? A The size of the animal B How much the animal weighed C How long ago the animal lived D The number of offspring the animal had

9. The diagram above shows layers of sedimentary rock in the Earth’s crust. In which layer of rock should a scientist expect to find the oldest fossils? A Layer M B Layer N C Layer O D Layer P

10. The diagram above shows layers of sedimentary rocks and examples of their fossils. Which layer contains the oldest fossils? A Layer 2 B Layer 4 C Layer 1 D Layer 3

11. Which fossil below MOST LIKELY comes from the oldest layer? A B C D

12. Which fossil comes from the layer that is older than layer 1 but younger than layer 3? A B C D

12. Which fossil comes from the layer that is older than layer 1 but younger than layer 3? So layer 2’s fossil… A B C D

13. Which is the BEST evidence scientists have concerning the existence of dinosaurs? A Fossilized bones of dinosaurs B Cave paintings of ancient dinosaurs C Stories passed down from generation to generation D Photographs of similar animals, like the Loch Ness Monster

The diagram to the right represents a cross-section of a cliff
The diagram to the right represents a cross-section of a cliff. It shows several rock layers containing fossils. 14. Which of the following layers of rock is most likely the youngest? A The layer containing trilobites B The layer containing fishes C The layer containing amphibians D The layer containing dinosaurs

15. A scientist found a fossil that was buried 5 meters below the surface of the ground. The next week she found a fossil that was 10 meters below the surface. What is most likely true about the deeper fossil? A It is younger. B It is older. C It is larger. D It is smaller.

16. What is a fossil? A The preserved remains of a dead plant or animal found in a rock B Fuels that formed from the decayed remains of plants and animals C A solid natural material that has a crystal form and its own set of properties D A resource that can replace itself in a relatively short period of time

17. Scientists claim that the area around the Grand Canyon was once covered by an ocean. What evidence would support their claim? A Dinosaur footprints were found near the Grand Canyon. B Fish were found living in the rivers of the Grand Canyon. C Fossils of ocean animals were found at the Grand Canyon. D Bones from desert animals were found at the Grand Canyon.

18. The following drawing is a cutaway view of the Earth’s surface
18. The following drawing is a cutaway view of the Earth’s surface. What story might this slice of the Earth tell us? A The Earth is not level. B An earthquake shifted the layers of the Earth. C There are fish fossils all over the Earth. D Layer A was formed before Layer D.

19. As sedimentary rock is laid down over time, the oldest layers are usually on the bottom and the newest are on top. Which of the following would have an effect on the order of the rock layers in a certain area? A Erosion caused by rain B Rock folding and tilting C Wind erosion D Lava flows near a volcano

20. Plant fossils that we find today began forming millions of years ago. What allowed the process to begin? A Consumers ate all of the plants. B Rainfall eroded huge mountains. C Dinosaurs roamed the Earth. D Plants grew, died, and decayed.

21. Which layer is the oldest. A. Kaibab limestone B. Hermit shale C
21. Which layer is the oldest? A Kaibab limestone B Hermit shale C Redwall limestone D Vishnu schist

Scientists use fossil evidence to determine details about the environment in which the organism lived. The environment is the surroundings in which the organism lived 22. The picture shows a limestone building block. Which of these BEST shows that the limestone was formed from ocean sediments? A The position of the fossils B The number of the fossils C The type of fossils D The size of the fossils

23. Scientists see three layers of rock exposed on the side of a hill
23. Scientists see three layers of rock exposed on the side of a hill. The bottom layer is sandstone with fossils of a certain species of reptile found only in this geographic location. The middle layer is volcanic ash. The top layer is mud stone (shale) with fossils of a different species of reptile. The fossil evidence supports which hypothesis about the extinction of the older reptile species? A The older reptile species went extinct because sea levels rose and flooded its habitat. B The older reptile species went extinct because a predator was introduced into the environment. C The older reptile species went extinct because it could not compete with the younger reptile species. D The older reptile species went extinct because a volcanic eruption caused the environment to change.

24. According to the picture above, which layer of sedimentary rocks is the oldest? A Layer 4 B Layer 3 C Layer 2 D Layer 1

25. How can scientists learn about dinosaurs even though they have been extinct for millions of years? A By studying fossil fuels found deep in the Earth B By studying fossils found all over the Earth C By studying places where erosion took place D By studying places where deposition took place

26. This rock contains fossils of water plants and shells
26. This rock contains fossils of water plants and shells. What does this tell us about the rock? A The rock contains many living things. B The rock needs to be cleaned with water. C The rock is heavier than most rocks. D The rock was once at the bottom of the sea.

The picture below shows four different rock layers in a hillside. 27
The picture below shows four different rock layers in a hillside What is the best evidence that one of these layers of rock was formed under an ocean? A The thickness of the layer B The type of fossils in the layer C The number of caves in the layer D The height above sea level of the layer

1 2 3 4 5 6 28. Study the diagram of the sedimentary rock layers shown above. Which rock layers is probably the oldest? A Layer 1 B Layer 3 C Layer 4 D Layer 6

29. The picture shows a rock found in Texas
29. The picture shows a rock found in Texas. Which of the following best illustrates that the rock was formed from ocean sediments? A The number of fossils in the rock B The size of the fossils in the rock C The place where the rock was found D The type of fossils in the rock

30. The cross-section illustrates the rock layers beneath a forest in the snow covered mountains of Canada. Fossils of tropical jungle plants are found in layer C. What conclusion can be drawn from this fact? A At some point in the past, this area was covered by water. B Plant life has not changed over the many years. C There is a large underground heated water supply beneath the forest. D This area used to have a different climate than it does now.

31. What do layers of rock tell about life on Earth in the past. A
31. What do layers of rock tell about life on Earth in the past? A Life on Earth has stayed the same. B Life on Earth has changed over long periods of time. C Only a few kinds of animals ever lived on Earth. D Dinosaurs were the first animals on Earth.

32. Which rock layer holds the youngest fossils. A. Layer A B
32. Which rock layer holds the youngest fossils? A Layer A B Layer B C Layer C D Layer D

33. The rock shown below was most likely formed in a— A large freshwater lake B quick-flowing river C shallow ocean bay D backyard pond

34. Which layer of rock contains the youngest fossil remains? shale
limestone tilted layers of limestone sandstone Pectin seashell fossils Fish fossils Turitella and ammonite fossils Basalt (lava) shale tilted layers of limestone sandstone limestone

The correct answer is C: tilted layer of limestone
The tilted layer of limestone is layered on top of the other formations, therefore it must be younger than the other layers of rock.

tilted layers of limestone Sedimentary layer
35. What story does this slice of the earth tell? A. Lava from a volcano first covered the area. Trees then grew on the land. Lastly, an ocean covered the area. B. An ocean first covered the area. The sea level then lowered and trees grew. Lastly lava from a volcano covered the land. C. Trees grew first on the land. Then the sea rose and killed the trees. Lastly, lava from a volcano covered the land. D. An ocean first covered the land. Then lava from a volcano covered the area. Lastly, trees grew on the land. Fossil tree roots Pectin seashell fossils Fish fossils Basalt (lava) shale tilted layers of limestone Sedimentary layer

The correct answer is B. An ocean first covered the area
The correct answer is B. An ocean first covered the area. The sea level then lowered and trees grew. Lastly lava from a volcano covered the land. Each layer is deposited in a certain order. The older the rock is, the deeper it will be in the crust. Since the oceanic layers are on the bottom, it must have been first.

Start of MS ?’s 36. During a museum field trip, students observe the fossil remains of a woolly mammoth. The sign next to the fossil remains is below: Based on the information on the sign, in which type of environment did the woolly mammoth live? A. Very hot and dry B. Wet and humid C. Warm and sunny D. Cold and snowy Woolly Mammoth (lived 1.65 million years to 10,000 years ago) Hairy coat, 3 feet long in places Thick layer of wool next to the skin Up to 4 inches of fat beneath the skin Small ears and a short tail

37. In 1970, fossil remains of a Tyrannosaurus Rex were found in Big Bend National Park. The Tyrannosaurus Rex fossils included part of an upper jaw and some very sharp teeth. Which conclusion is best supported by the discovery of these fossils? A. The Tyrannosaurus Rex fossils were carried to Big Bend by a river. B. The Tyrannosaurus Rex became extinct because Big Bend was uninhabitable. C. The Tyrannosaurus Rex ate animals that were living in Big Bend. D. The Tyrannosaurus Rex ate plants that were native to Big Bend.

38. Which of the following would be the best to use when gathering information to identify fossils as evidence of past living organisms? A. Terrarium B. Microscope C. Computer D. Collection Net

38. Which of the following would be the best to use when gathering information to identify fossils as evidence of past living organisms? A. Terrarium B. Microscope C. Computer (to be able to gather all the information together) D. Collection Net

39. Marine geologists conduct field investigations to collect samples of fossils such as these pictured below Based on the information in the pictures, what conclusion can be made about marine fossils and their environment? A. They are animals that lived in caves. B. They were plants that lived in caves. C. They were plants that lived in the sea. D. They were animals that lived in the sea.

40. All of the following are very helpful when identifying evidence of past living plants EXCEPT— A. a fossil of a plant from long ago which is now changed to stone B. an impression left by a plant that lived a very long time ago C. the remains of the plant replaced with minerals D. a rock from the mantle located deep underneath the Earth’s surface

Use the following story to answer the question:
Use the following story to answer the question: Mineral Fossilization When an organism died and becomes buried in sediment, mineral fossilization may occur. Soft parts of the organism decay quickly, while hard parts, such as bones, take more time. As water seeps through the sediment and bone, minerals in the water begin to replace the cells in the bone. It eventually turns into stone What type of conditions must be present for mineral fossilization to occur? A. wet climate B. windy climate C. dry climate D. hot climate

Use the following story to answer the question:
Use the following story to answer the question: Mineral Fossilization When an organism died and becomes buried in sediment, mineral fossilization may occur. Soft parts of the organism decay quickly, which hard parts, such as bones, take more time. As water seeps through the sediment and bone, minerals in the water begin to replace the cells in the bone. It eventually turns into stone Can mineral fossilization occur without the presence of water? A. Yes, because as long as the organism is buried, it can be fossilized. B. Yes, because the water will eventually evaporate C. No, because the water replaces cells in the bone and is a factor in mineral fossilization. D. No, because water is the only factor needed in order for an organism to become fossilized.

43. Students are creating models of fossils during science class
43. Students are creating models of fossils during science class. Which explains why scientist study fossils? A. Fossils help predict climate changes. B. Fossils help keep species from becoming extinct. C. Fossils help understand about past organisms and their environments. D. Fossils help understand what to expect in the future.

44. An ancient fossil of a fish was found in a dry area
44. An ancient fossil of a fish was found in a dry area. What does this suggest about how this area used to look? A. The land was a dense forest. B. The land was a dry dessert. C. There was once water in the area. D. The fossil was moved because there could not have been water there in the past.

45. When examining the sedimentary rock layers to better understand the nature of a fossil’s environment, which layer is considered to have evidence of the oldest past living organisms? A. The top layer of rock B. The middle layer of rock C. The bottom layer of rock D. The layer with topsoil

46. After studying about fossils, as student said, “I want to be a paleontologist when I grow up.” Which describes the work of a paleontologist? A. A paleontologist studies the remains of organisms which have been fossilized. B. A paleontologist studies cultures of the past. C. A paleontologist is a park ranger. D. A paleontologist is a scientist who studies living things.

Students were collecting data to determine if the objects they had collected were true fossils. They created a table to organize their data. They were instructed to place an X in the correct column to show whether each item was a fossil Which two items would be marked with an X under the column labeled “Fossil”? A. Seashell found on the beach & bone turned to stone. B. Petrified wood & bone turned to stone. C. Imprint of leaf in mud & dog’s footprint. D. Petrified wood & seashell found on beach. Fossil Not a Fossil Seashell found on beach Petrified wood Imprint of leaf in mud Dog’s footprint Bone turned to stone

48. After studying fossils, a student made the following conclusion, “Fossils help us understand past environments.” Was the student’s conclusion valid? A. Yes, because fossils are remains of plants and animals of the past. B. Yes, because fossils can no longer be formed. C. No, because fossils do not give us a clue about past environments. D. No, because fossils can no longer be found.

49. “Most living things that die become fossils
49. “Most living things that die become fossils.” This hypothesis was formed before learning about fossils. Is it accurate? A. Yes, because many fossils have been found. B. Yes, because fossils can be easily formed. C. No, because certain conditions need to be present in order for fossils to form. D. No, because no living things that die become fossils.

50. Fossil remains of the Stegosaurus have been found in: -Utah, Wyoming, and Colorado -Southern India -Western Europe -China -Southern Africa Which conclusion can be made based on the locations of these fossils? A. The locations of these fossils findings once had very similar climates. B. The Stegosaurus did not have a long life span. C. The Stegosaurus was a plant-eating dinosaur. D. The locations of these fossils findings once were under water.

50. Fossil remains of the Stegosaurus have been found in: -Utah, Wyoming, and Colorado -Southern India -Western Europe -China -Southern Africa Which conclusion can be made based on the locations of these fossils? A. The locations of these fossils findings once had very similar climates. (Stegosauruses need a specific kind of climate to live in or they wouldn’t survive. So, these places listed above must have had similar climates at one point in time if they found Stegosauruses there.) B. The Stegosaurus did not have a long life span. C. The Stegosaurus was a plant-eating dinosaur. D. The locations of these fossils findings once were under water.

51. The Permian Basin in West Texas has a dry and hot climate
51. The Permian Basin in West Texas has a dry and hot climate. Fusulinid fossils, like the one pictured, have been found in the Permian Basin. Fusulinids were small saltwater organisms. Which conclusion can best be made from the discovery of the Fusulinid fossils? A. Fusulinids used to live in dry, desert-like areas. B. The Permian Basin used to be covered by water. C. Fusulinids used to live in the ground. D. The Permian Basin has always been dry and hot

52. Students were given instructions for an investigation identifying and comparing fossils. They were also given the data collected by the previous class. The teacher asked the students to check the accuracy of the data collected by the previous class. How can the students check the accuracy of the data collected by the previous class? A. Graph the data previously collected. B. Repeat the investigation using the same instructions and compare the data. C. Change the instructions and start a new investigation. D. Formulate a new hypothesis.

Earth Boot Camp 5.7D: Identify fossils as evidence of past living organisms and the nature of the environments at the time using models.

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Earth Boot Camp 5.7D: Identify fossils as evidence of past living organisms and the nature of the environments at the time using models.

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