1. Introduction to Economics
Unit 1 Notes
Introduction to Economics

2. How is Economics defined by scarcity?
Unit One, Lesson One
Notes
How is Economics defined by scarcity?

3. What is economics?
Economics comes from the idea that people CANNOT always have what they want and what they need
So, ECONOMICS is the study of how people seek to satisfy their needs and wants by making CHOICES

4. Scarcity & Choice What is a need? What is a want?
Need: something that is necessary for survival
Want: item that is not needed for survival
Because you can’t get everything you want or need, you must…
MAKE CHOICES!!
Why must we make choices?
Because resources are scarce!!
What resources are scarce in our everyday lives?
Water, food, oil

5. All of the goods and services we produce are scarce.
Goods: physical objects
Examples: shoes, shirts, cars, pencils, etc.
Services: actions or activities that one person performs for another.
Examples: haircuts, tattoos, dental checkups, etc.

6. Section 1: Scarcity & Choice
Scarce/scarcity: limited resources for unlimited wants (Scarcity always exists).
Scarcity is NOT the same as a shortage.
Shortage is a temporary (sometimes long-term) lack of goods or services.
ECONOMICS IS ALL ABOUT SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF SCARCITY!! HOW DO WE FULFILL WANTS/NEEDS WITH FEW RESOURCES?
Video Clip

8. Section 1: Scarcity & Choice
Why do you think economists say that scarcity always exists?
Because our needs and wants are always greater than our resource supply!

9. Economics in my Life
Occupations: Pay: Mortgage Calculator:

10. Unit One, Lesson Two Notes
What are the 3 Factors of Production and why are they important to consider in our economy?

11. Factors of Production
Economists call all the resources that are used to make all goods and services FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
The factors of production are land, labor, and capital

12. Factors of Production Also called factor resources. They consist of:
Land
Labor
Capital

13. Land All natural resources used to produce goods and services.
Examples are: land, water, wood, wind, sun, cotton, etc.

14. Labor
The effort that a person devotes to a task for which the person is paid.
Examples are: medical assistant, assembly line worker…just about any job you can think!

15. Capital Physical capital-buildings, tools, etc.
Both of these are needed to produce goods and services in our economy!!
Physical capital-buildings, tools, etc.
Human capital-knowledge and skills a worker gains through education and experience.

16. Physical capital example
Suppose a family of 6 wash dishes by hand every day for every meal (breakfast, lunch, dinner) – 21 meals per week. It takes 30 minutes per meal for 2 people to wash the dishes. That’s 21 hours per week spent washing dishes.
Now, let’s say that the family buys a dishwasher for $400. Now it takes 1 person 15 minutes per meal to clean all the dishes. This takes 5 ¼ hours per week.

17. Case Study: Mark Zuckerberg

18. Did his risk pay off?
Goal was to create online social network for students- for free.
Worked with venture capitalists.
One offered $500,000 to work on Facebook full time.
That fall, they had over six million members.
Six months later, Zuckerberg and his partner got $12.7 million more in funding.
Members like, advertisers love.
By 2008 had more than 70 million users.
Growth=more jobs

20. Feel free to use the Internet to find all of the resources!
ACTIVITY
You will illustrate the factors of production in the making of fast food French fries. (You cannot imagine how much goes into those tasty things!!)
You can choose any GOOD!
You can work alone or in pairs (no more than 2).
You will create a poster with a diagram or a PowerPoint presentation to share with the rest of the class.
Each factor must include a minimum of 3 examples but a total of 15 items.
Land
Labor
Capitol (you can show a combination of human and physical capitol)

21. Feel free to use the Internet to find all of the resources!
ACTIVITY
Refer to the following websites as a guide:

22. Factors of Production: Fast Food Fries
Feel free to use the Internet to find all of the resources!
ACTIVITY
Your illustration may look something like this:
Both physical and human capital
French Fries
(ex. field, water)
Land
Labor (farmers)
Capital (tractor )

23. Factors of Production Of Peanut Butter!

24. Land Soil to help the plants grow Peanut Plants to make the peanuts
Farms to harvest peanuts
Water to help the plants grow
Air to help the peanuts dry out

25. Labor Farmers harvest the peanut plants.
“Shellers” at manufacturing plants remove excess dirt and debris.
Peanut butter manufacturers receive the fresh peanuts and begin the process of turning them into peanut butter.
Other factory workers who grind, process and package peanut butter.

26. Capital The peanut farmers who plant and harvest the peanuts.
machines which start by pulling the plants from the ground, breaking away the roots, and shaking out excess soil.
When the dried plants are harvested, they are placed in wagons and given additional drying time,
Then, they are inspected by the Federal or State Inspection Bureaus for quantity and valuation purposes.
The blancher machine removes the outer skins by lightly rubbing the peanuts between two belts.
Additives that include salt, sugar, and hydrogenated vegetable oil
The jar to fill the peanut butter up with!

27. If there is not enough for everybody, how do you make a choice?
Unit One, Lesson Three
Notes
If there is not enough for everybody, how do you make a choice?

28. Entrepreneurs
If land, labor, and capital are the essential ingredients for creating all goods and services, who pulls those resources together?
The answer: entrepreneurs
Entrepreneurs are ambitious leaders who decide how to combine land, labor, and capital resources to create new goods and services

29. Scarcity
Economists say that all goods and services are scare because the land, labor, and capital used to create them are SCARCE
This means that the land, labor, and capital to produce them are SCARCE

30. Trade-offs
Economists say that all people, even government, make decisions that involve TRADE-OFFS
TRADE OFFS are all the alternatives that we give up whenever we choose one course of action over another
EVERY decision that is made involves trade-offs

31. OR

32. Trade-offs
Decisions that business people make on how to use land, labor, and capital involve trade-offs
Normally one decision is more desirable than all the other decisions
Do you wake up early and study or do poorly on the test and get extra sleep?

33. Trade-offs
Economists simplify their explanations of the trade-offs countries face by using the example of guns or butter
For example, if a country produces more military goods (guns) they will have less resources to devote to consumer goods (butter)

34. Opportunity Cost This leads to opportunity cost
Opportunity cost is the most desirable alternative that is GIVEN UP as a result of a decision
Essentially, OPPORTUNITY COST is what you’re willing to SACRIFICE as a result of your decision
Because of SCARCITY one cannot do both decisions – a CHOICE must be made

35. Thinking at the Margin
Thinking at the margin involves adding or subtracting a unit from the decision that involves opportunity cost
This does not allow one to take an all or nothing approach
So, do you wake up 30 minutes early instead of 1 hour to study?
This allows more decisions for one person to choose

36. Decision-making
This decision making process is sometimes called COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Anytime a decision is made economists realize that one has to compare opportunity costs and benefits (what will be sacrificed and what will be gained)
This is ECONOMICS